NUTRISOL: un programa informático para la evaluación nutricional comunitaria y hospitalaria de acceso libre.

We have developed the computer programme NUTRISOL, a nutritional programme destined to analysis of dietary intake by means of the food transformation to nutrient. It has been performed under Windows operative system, using Visual Basic 6.0. It is presented in a CD-Rom. We have used the Spanish CSIC Food Composition Table and domestic food measures commonly used in Spain which could be modified and updated. Diverse kind of diets and reference anthropometric data are also presented. The results may be treated using various statistical programmes. The programme contains three modules: 1) Nutritional epidemiology, which allows to create or open a data base, sample management, analyse food intake, consultation of nutrient content and exportation of data to statistical programmes. 2) Analyses of diets and recipes, creation or modification of new ones. 3) To ask different diets for prevalent pathologies. Independent tools for modifying the original tables, calculate energetic needs, recommend nutrient intake and anthropometric indexes are also offered. In conclusion, NUTRISOL Programme is an application which runs in PC computers with minimal equipment in a friendly interface, of easy use, freeware, which may be adapted to each country, and has demonstrated its usefulness and reliability in different epidemiologic studies. Furthermore, it may become an efficient instrument for clinical nutrition and health promotion.

Evaluación nutricional de diferentes levaduras como fuentes de proteína y

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Ecología Acuática y Pesca) U.A.N.L. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas.

Evaluación nutricional de tres fuentes protéicas en dietas para cultivo de dos líneas de caracol manzano (Pomacea bridgesi)

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Ecología Acuática y Pesca) U.A.N.L. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas.

Evaluación nutricional y económica de diferentes planes de fertilización en remolacha forrajera (beta vulgaris) para alimentación de bovinos

Bogotá (Colombia): Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Zootecnia

Estudio descriptivo de las prácticas y percepción de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional del municipio de Pacho Cundinamarca, 2014

El presente documento tuvo como objetivo el diagnóstico de las prácticas de alimentación de interés en nutrición y salud pública y la percepción de seguridad alimentaria en los hogares del municipio de Pacho departamento de Cundinamarca, información que permitió hacer análisis descriptivo de las frecuencias de consumo de los grupos alimentarios y la cualificación de seguridad en cuanto al acceso a los alimentos. Lo anterior se desarrolló mediante la adaptación de dos de los cinco formularios estructurados para la encuesta nacional de situación nutricional en Colombia del año 2010 liderado por el ministerio de protección social; las encuestas fueron realizadas a 400 personas jefe de hogar de acuerdo a muestreo aleatorio estratificado. El estudio mostró que hay inseguridad alimentaria total en un 34,7%, lo que incluye una percepción de inseguridad en un 3% del total de las familias encuestadas. Por último el estudio permitió concluir la importancia de fortalecer los programas de gobierno existentes, en aras de permitir el favorecimiento de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional y el cambio de hábitos de nutrición desde una perspectiva intersectorial donde se incluyan los factores sociales, culturales, económicos y ecológicos de la comunidad orientados a estilos de vida saludables transcendentales en prevenir y disminuir el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de instrumentos de triagem nutricional

Esse estudo tem por objetivo descrever o desenvolvimento e a avaliação de instrumentos de triagem nutricional para identificação de risco de desnutrição em pacientes hospitalizados. A partir da identificação de variáveis preditivas, o paciente deve ser encaminhado à equipe multidisciplinar de terapia nutricional para intervenção. Foram estudados 300 pacientes de um hospital de São Paulo-SP, aplicada uma avaliação nutricional com levantamento de variáveis de risco e conduzida uma regressão logística múltipla para a seleção dos fatores preditivos. As variáveis associadas à desnutrição foram: perda de peso involuntária, ossatura aparente, redução de apetite, diarreia, ingestão energética inadequada e gênero masculino. Um instrumento de triagem nutricional foi desenvolvido e apresentou adequada concordância com instrumentos validados.

Política nutricional activa en la implementación del soporte nutricional hospitalario: resultados de un estudio observacional

Introducción: La desnutrición hospitalaria es responsable de altos índices de morbilidad y mortalidad. El objetivo del estudio es describir los resultados de la realización de un programa nutricional hospitalario para la implementación oportuna del soporte nutricional. Métodos: El diseño fue observacional, prospectivo, unicéntrico. Se registraron todos los pacientes adultos ingresados en forma consecutiva a nuestro hospital durante el período enero 2012-septiembre 2013. La implementación del programa nutricional constó de: evaluación nutricional al ingreso; reconocimiento del paciente con indicación de iniciar soporte nutricional; implementación del mismo; monitoreo y seguimiento. Resultados: Ingresaron 1268 pacientes. Se realizó evaluación nutricional por Evaluación Global Subjetiva a 1234 pacientes (97,3%). Se identificaron 821 pacientes (66,5 %) con categoría A, 280 pacientes (22,7%) con categoría B, y 60 pacientes (4,9%) con categoría C. Presentaron indicación de soporte nutricional 269 pacientes (21,8%), de los cuales 227 (84,4%) lo recibieron. De los 340 pacientes (27,6%) que representan la desnutrición global del hospital (categorías B + C), un total de 219 pacientes (64,4%) presentaron indicación de comenzar con algún tipo de soporte nutricional, iniciando el mismo 181 pacientes (82,6%). De los 38 pacientes (17,3%) que no lo iniciaron, 28 pacientes (73,7%) presentaron EGS C, siendo el pronóstico ominoso del paciente el motivo principal de no inicio del SN. Conclusión: La aplicación de un programa para la implementación oportuna del soporte nutricional permitió la evaluación nutricional de un elevado porcentaje de pacientes internados y la correcta utilización del soporte nutricional en una alta proporción de los mismos.

Evaluación antropométrica, de presión arterial y hematológica de la población vegetariana

Objetivo: Evaluar los índices antropométricos, los niveles de presión arterial y resultados de análisis hematológicos de la población vegetariana del municipio de Ji-Paraná, Rondônia. Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo, de corte transversal, con muestra compuesta por 65 personas vegetarianas. Resultados: Se identificó 61,6% de eutróficos, 69,2% con circunferencia abdominal dentro de los parámetros normales, 92,3% presentaron niveles de presión arterial normales y 26,2% fueron clasificados como anémicos. Más del 60% de los vegetarianos presentaron niveles plasmáticos de colesterol (Total y LDL) y calcio dentro de los parámetros normales. Lo mismo se observó en relación a los triglicéridos (81,4%), glicemia (96,9%), proteínas totales (93,9%) y albúmina (100%). Conclusión: Se concluye que la alimentación vegetariana diversificada puede proporcionar beneficios a la salud del ser humano.

Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado para população brasileira

O Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado é um indicador de qualidade da dieta desenvolvido consoante com as recomendações nutricionais vigentes. Os dados dietéticos foram provenientes do estudo de base-populacional, Inquérito de Saúde e Alimentação (ISA)-Capital-2003. O Índice contém 12 componentes, sendo nove fundamentados nos grupos de alimentos do Guia Alimentar Brasileiro de 2006, cujas porções diárias são expressas em densidade energética; dois nutrientes (sódio e gordura saturada); e Gord_AA (calorias provenientes de gordura sólida, álcool e açúcar de adição). O Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado propicia mensurar variados fatores de riscos dietéticos para doenças crônicas, permitindo, simultaneamente, avaliar e monitorar a dieta em nível individual ou populacional.

Variância intrapessoal para ajuste da distribuição de nutrientes em estudos epidemiológicos

O objetivo do estudo foi apresentar a fração da variância intrapessoal para ajuste da distribuição de nutrientes de adultos e idosos. Utilizaram-se dados de inquérito populacional com amostra representativa (n = 511) de indivíduos com 19 anos ou mais do município de São Paulo, SP, em 2007. A fração da variância intrapessoal foi obtida pelo método proposto pela Iowa State University. Observaram-se diferenças nas frações das variâncias intrapessoais de nutrientes segundo sexo. Esses valores devem ser utilizados para ajustar a distribuição da ingestão de nutrientes, pois sua não utilização pode resultar em viés na análise e interpretação de dados.

Life-style factors associated with overweight and obesity among Spanish adults

OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between life styles and eating habits with the overweight and obesity prevalence in a Spanish adult population. METHODS A population-based, cross-sectional study conducted on 2640 subjects older than 15 years, in Cádiz (Spain). Surveys were conducted in subjects' homes to obtain life styles, eating habits, and anthropometric data. Logistic regression has been used to study the association between the life style variables and overweight and obesity. RESULTS Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Cadiz is 37% and 17%, respectively; higher in males and increases with age. BMI has an inverse relationship with educational level (PR = 2.3, 1.57-2.38). The highest levels of obesity are associated with daily alcohol consumption (PR = 1.39, 1.29-1.50), greater consumption of television,and sedentary pursuit (PR 1.5, 1.07-1.24). A lower prevalence of obesity is observed among those with active physical activity (10.9% vs 21.6%), with differences between sex. Following a slimming diet is more frequent in the obese and in women but dedicate more hours than men to passive activities. In men is greater the consumption of alcohol, high energy foods and snacks. Overweight and obesity is associated with the male sex (OR = 3.35 2.75-4.07), high consumption of alcohol (OR = 1.38 1.03-1.86) and watching television (OR = 1.52 1.11-2.07), and foods likes bread and cereals (OR = 1.47 1.13-1.91). Exercise activities is a protective factor (OR = 0.76 0.63-0.98). CONCLUSIONS Life styles factors associated with overweight and obesity present different patterns in men and women and is necessary to understand them to identify areas for behavioural intervention in overweight and obesity patients.

Prevalencia y factores asociados a desnutrición entre pacientes ingresados en un hospital de media-larga estancia

OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of hyponutrition at admission at a mid- to long-term stay hospital. To analyze the possible factors associated to hyponutrition; the possible relationship with mortality at one month, and the treatments for hyponutrition performed. MATERIALS AND METHOD Descriptive study from the laboratory data obtained in 140 patients. For diagnosing hyponutrition, a tool based on albumin, total cholesterol, and lymphocytes levels was used. Demographical (age and gender) and clinical data (presence of pressure soars, nasogastric tube, dementia, neoplasm, previous admission to the ICU, and main diagnosis) were gathered at admission as well as the mortality at the first month. The treatments used for hyponutrition were reviewed. RESULTS patients' age was 77.1 years and 63% were females. 17.1% of the patients presented normal nutritional status, 50.7% met the criteria for mild hyponutrition, 26.4% of moderate hyponutrition, and 5.7% of severe hyponutrition. We found no association between hyponutrition and gender, nasogastric tube, soars, dementia or neoplasm, but we did so with age (P = 0.033). We found a relationship between moderate-severe hyponutrition and pressure soars (P = 0.036). We found an association between hyponutrition and mortality at one month (OR = 1.357, 95% CI 1.121 to 1.643; P = 0.02). 35.6% of the patients with moderate-severe hyponutrition received therapy for this condition (28.9% with protein supplements and 6.7% with enteral diet). CONCLUSIONS hyponutrition affects most of the patients admitted to a mid to long-term stay hospitals and is associated with higher mortality. One third of hyponutrition patients receive nutritional therapy.

Evaluar los menús escolares desde la protección y la promoción de la salud

Boletín semanal para profesionales sanitarios de la Secretaría General de Salud Pública y Participación Social de la Consejería de Salud

Oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid: a new mediator of emotional behavior in rats.

The role of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in the control of emotional behavior remains to be determined. We analyzed the effects of the central administration of 1-oleoyl-LPA (LPA 18∶1) in rats tested for food consumption and anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors. For this purpose, the elevated plus-maze, open field, Y maze, forced swimming and food intake tests were performed. In addition, c-Fos expression in the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (DPAG) was also determined. The results revealed that the administration of LPA 18∶1 reduced the time in the open arms of the elevated plus-maze and induced hypolocomotion in the open field, suggesting an anxiogenic-like phenotype. Interestingly, these effects were present following LPA 18∶1 infusion under conditions of novelty but not under habituation conditions. In the forced swimming test, the administration of LPA 18∶1 dose-dependently increased depression-like behavior, as evaluated according to immobility time. LPA treatment induced no effects on feeding. However, the immunohistochemical analysis revealed that LPA 18∶1 increased c-Fos expression in the DPAG. The abundant expression of the LPA1 receptor, one of the main targets for LPA 18∶1, was detected in this brain area, which participates in the control of emotional behavior, using immunocytochemistry. These findings indicate that LPA is a relevant transmitter potentially involved in normal and pathological emotional responses, including anxiety and depression.