999 resultados para Europa
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Resumen: El objetivo del presente trabajo es hacer un recorrido sobre los diversos lugares desde donde el pensamiento antiguo clásico ha abordado a “Europa” como concepto y como realidad. En primer lugar, indagando en sus testimonios se analizará cómo éstos fueron construyendo y transformando una conciencia geográfica del espacio territorial europeo. En segundo lugar, se esbozará la forma en que fue estructurándose, en principio, el “mito” de Europa como diosa, para luego ver cómo se estructuró la “idea” de Europa, afirmándose fundamentalmente en oposición al Asia y consolidándose en la asociación de continente y Cristiandad en tiempos medievales. Por último, se analizará el concepto como realidad histórica, para finalmente reflexionar brevemente sobre la situación de la cultura y cosmovisión europea en el siglo XX hasta hoy.
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Resumen: Se presentan en este artículo de modo sintético las tres etapas principales en el pensamiento del fi lósofo español José Ortega y Gasset sobre su idea de Europa como regeneración de España a través de la europeización de la patria.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XI - Meio Ambiente e Direito Ambiental, Organização Territorial e Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional.
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Realiza estudo sobre a produção legislativa em países da Europa, América do Norte e América Latina. Apresenta análise comparativa sobre a transformação de projetos de lei em normas jurídicas, entre o Brasil, Estados Unidos e países de sistema parlamentarista.
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Levantamentos do estado da arte europeia com relação à regulamentação do lobby, apontando quais países optaram por algum tipo de regulamentação e quais optaram por não regulamentar as atividades de lobistas. A amostra empregada na pesquisa é constituída por 14 países da Europa ocidental, a saber: Alemanha, Áustria Bélgica, Dinamarca, Espanha, Finlândia, França, Holanda, Irlanda, Itália, Luxemburgo, Portugal, Reino Unido e Suécia.
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[ES] Partiendo de los valores semestrales de cada una de las nueve variables que componen el índice de riesgo país elaborado por Euromoney, en el periodo comprendido entre septiembre de 1992 y septiembre de 2002, para 41 países europeos y 30 países americanos, los autores proponen la construcción de dos nuevos índices de riesgo país, a los que han denominado «Índice Simplificado» e «Índice Observacional». La característica de ambos índices es que, además de contener únicamente cuatro variables (de las nueve propuestas por el índice de riesgo país de Euromoney), permiten replicar, con un elevado índice de fiabiabilidad el ranking de países (dado en función de su riesgo país) proporcionado por el índice del cual se derivan.
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The territory of the European Union is made up of a rich and wide-ranging universe of languages, which is not circumscribed to the «State languages». The existence of multilingualism is one of Europe’s defining characteristics and it should remain so in the constantly evolving model of Europe’s political structure. Nonetheless, until now, the official use of languages has been limited to the «State languages» and has been based on a concept of state monolingualism that has led to a first level of hierarchization among the languages of Europe. This has affected the very concept of European language diversity. The draft of the treaty establishing a European Constitution contains various language-related references that can be grouped in two major categories: on the one hand, those references having to do the constitutional status of languages, and on the other, those regarding the recognition of European language diversity. Both issues are dealt with in this article. In analyzing the legal regime governing languages set forth in the draft of the constitutional treaty, we note that the draft is not based on the concept of the official status of languages. The language regulation contained in the draft of the constitutional treaty is limited in character. The constitutional language regime is based on the concept of Constitutional languages but the official status of languages is not governed by this rule. The European Constitution merely enunciates rights governing language use for European citizens vis-à-vis the languages of the Constitution and refers the regulation of the official status of languages to the Council, which is empowered to set and modify that status by unanimous decision. Because of its broad scope, this constitutes a regulatory reservation. In the final phase of the negotiation process a second level of constitutional recognition of languages would be introduced, linked to those that are official languages in the member states (Catalan, Basque, Galician, etc.). These languages, however, would be excluded from the right to petition; they would constitute a tertium genus, an intermediate category between the lan guages benefiting from the language rights recognized under the Constitution and those other languages for which no status is recognized in the European institutional context. The legal functionality of this second, intermediate category will depend on the development of standards, i.e., it will depend on the entrée provided such languages in future reforms of the institutional language regime. In a later section, the article reflects on European Union language policy with regard to regional or minority languages, concluding that the Union has not acted in accordance with defined language policy guidelines when it has been confronted, in the exercise of its powers, with regional or minority languages (or domestic legislation having to do with language demands). The Court of Justice has endeavoured to resolve on a case by case basis the conflicts raised between community freedoms and the normative measures that protect languages. Thus, using case law, the Court has set certain language boundaries for community freedoms. The article concludes by reflecting on the legal scope of the recognition of European language diversity referred to in Article II-82 of the European Constitution and the possible measures to implement the precept that might constitute the definition of a true European language policy on regional or minority languages. Such a policy has yet to be defined.
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[ES]En este artículo se pasa revista y se analizan los distintos factores que contribuyeron a la construcción de un discurso homofóbico por parte de la sociedad europea a partir del siglo XIII. Se centra la atención especialmente en la homosexualidad masculina.
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619 p.
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Frei Domingos Teixeira, religioso da Ordem de Santo Agostinho e historiador, nasceu em Celorico de Basto entre os anos de 1675 e 1680 e morreu em 1726. Professou, em 1695, no Convento da Graça, em Lisboa e exerceu o cargo de Sacristão-Mor do Convento da Penha de França. Dedicou-se a escrever narrativas históricas, tendo sido acusado de plagiar ‘A Vida do Condestável’, de Jacinto Freire de Andrade, utilizando-se de anotações deste escritor. Trata-se da primeira edição da obra, que teve ainda uma segunda edição, custeada pelo livreiro Inácio Nogueira Xisto, na Oficina de Francisco Luis Ameno, em 1749. José dos Santos em seu ‘Catálogo da Livraria do Conde de Arneal’ nos diz que ‘a primeira edição é muito estimada e rara, sendo considerada obra de bastante merecimento para o estudo e história do Santo Condestável D. Nuno Álvares Pereira e dos seus heroicos feitos militares
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Brown shrimp (C. crangon) landings are an important factor and ranked third in landings value of North Sea Fisheries. Landings data are gathered by country and kept separately. However, the Working Group on Crangon Fisheries and Life History (WGCRAN) of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) compiles statistical as well as biological data on brown shrimp. This group has met in Ijmuiden end of May 2006 and found new record landings in 2005 for all three major producers: Germany, The Netherlands and Denmark, summing up with The United Kingdom, Belgium and France to more than 38 000 tonnes of con-sumption shrimp, the highest landings ever recorded.
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Antonio Duplá Ansuategui, Piedad Frías Nogales e Iban Zaldúa (editores)