Opening the Frontier: The Gubbio-Perugia Frontier in the Course of History.

The frontier between Gubbio (ancient Umbria) and Perugia (ancient Etruria), in the northeast part of the modern region of Umbria, was founded in the late sixth century BC. The frontier endured in different forms, most notably in the late antique and medieval periods, as well as fleetingly in 1944, and is fossilized today in the local government boundaries. Archaeological, documentary and
philological evidence are brought together to investigate different scales of time that vary from millennia to single days in the representation of a frontier that captured a watershed of geological origins. The foundation of the frontier appears to have been a product of the active agency of the Etruscans, who projected new settlements across the Tiber in the course of the sixth century BC,
protected at the outer limit of their territory by the naturally defended farmstead of Col di Marzo. The immediate environs of the ancient abbey of Montelabate have been studied intensively by targeted, systematic and geophysical survey in conjunction with excavation, work that is still in progress. An overview of the development of the frontier is presented here, employing the data currently available.

De Pelasgis Etruscisque quid fabulis heroicis ac priscis nominibus doceamur.

Cover-title.

Introduction à l'histoire romaine; l'ethnologie préhistorique, les commencements de Rome,

Mode of access: Internet.

Der Herkunft der Etrusker und ihre Einwanderung in Italien,

Udgivet for Fridtjof Nansens fond.

Vorgeschichte Roms. ...

The volumes differ in size. Vol. 2 has additional title-page with the special title.

Das Verhältnis der Etrusker zu den Indogermanen und der vorgriechischen Bevölkerung Kleinasiens und Griechenlands /

Mode of access: Internet.

Les casques proto-étrusques, étrusques et gaulois.

Extract from the Annales of the Congrès archéologique de France.

Storia della letteratura italiana /

"Lettera al, p.N.N. [i.e. padre Tommaso Maria Mamachi] autore delle annotazioni aggiunte alla edizione romana della Storia della letteratura italiana [di Girolamo Tiraboschi]": volume 8, pages [634]-668.

The history of Etruria... [microform]

pt. 1. Tarchun and his times. From the foundation of Tarquinia to the foundation of Rome.--pt. II. From the foundation of Rome to the general peace of anno Tarquiniae, 839 (B.C. 348)--pt. III. With an account of the manners and customs, arts and literature of the Etruscans, tr. from the German of Karl Otfried Müller.

Die Etrusker. Vier Bücher

1. Bd. Einleitung. Bruchstücke der äusseren Geschichte des Etruskischen Volkes. 1. Buch. Von der Landescultur, der Industrie und dem Verkehr der Etrusker. 2. Buch. Von dem Leben der Etrusker im Staat und in der Familie. Beilage I. Ueber die etruskischen Münzen. Beilage II. Ueber die etruskischen Sepulcralinschriften--2. Bd. 3. Buch. Von der Religion und Divination der Etrusker. Beilage I. Die etruskische Sprache. Beilage II. Schrift und Zahlzeichen der Etrusker. Register. Nachträge und Berichtigungen.

Verbreitung des etruskischen stammes über die italische halbinsel,

"Wissenschaftliche beilage zum programm des Gymnasiums zu Graudenz."

Ueber die Tyrrhenischen Pelasger in Etrurien und über die Verbreitung des Italischen Münzsystems von Etrurien aus: zwei Abhandlungen /

Mode of access: Internet.

Sweat Lodges in Iron Age Iberian Peninsula: New Data, Typologies and Interpretations

Three questions on the study of NO Iberian Peninsula sweat lodges are posed. First, the new sauna of Monte Ornedo (Cantabria), the review of the one of Armea (Ourense), and the Cantabrian pedra formosa type are discussed. Second, the known types of sweat lodges are reconsidered underlining the differences between the Cantabrian and the Douro - Minho groups as these differences contribute to a better assessment of the saunas located out of those territories, such as those of Monte Ornedo or Ulaca. Third, a richer record demands a more specific terminology, a larger use of archaeometric analysis and the application of landscape archaeology or art history methodologies. In this way the range of interpretation of the sweat lodges is opened, as an example an essay is proposed that digs on some already known proposals and suggests that the saunas are material metaphors of wombs whose rationale derives from ideologies and ritual practices of Indo-European tradition.