261 resultados para Estrelas: Lítio


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The projected rotational velocity together with lithium abundance and the onset of the dilution by the deepening in mass of the convective envelope provide a key tool to investigate the so far poorly understood processes at work in stellar interiors of solar-analog stars. To investigate the link between abundances, convection and rotational velocities in solar-analog G dwarf stars, we study a bona fide sample of 118 selected solar-analog G dwarf stars presenting measured lithium abundances, rotational velocities, and fundamental parameters together with computed evolutionary tracks (Toulouse-Geneva code) for a range of stellar masses around 1 M and metallicity consistent with the solar-analog range. The aim of this work is to build up an evolution of lithium and rotation as a function of stellar age, mass, effective temperature, and convection. We analyze the evolutionary status of the sample of 118 solar-analog G dwarf in the HR diagram based on Hipparcos data and using a grid of stellar models in the effective temperature and mass range of the solar-analog stars. We discuss the deepening (in mass) of the convective envelope and the influence on the Li abundances and projected rotational velocities. We determined the stellar mass and the mass of the convective envelope for a bona fide sample of 118 selected solar-analog G dwarf and checked the evolutionary link between the rotational velocity, lithium abundance, and the deepening of the convective envelope. Fast rotators (vsini 6 km s��1) are also stars with high Li content. Slow rotators present a wide range of values of log n(Li). Our results shed new light on the lithium and rotational behavior in G dwarf stars. We confirmed the presence of a large Li abundance spread among the solar-analog stars and concluded that the solar twins probably share a similar mixing history with the Sun

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Important advances have been made along the last decade in the study of the lithium behavior in solar-type stars. Among the most important discoveries what attracts attention is that the distribution of lithium abundance in the late F-type giant stars tends to be discontinuous, at the same time of a sudden decline in rotation and a gradual decline according to the temperature for giant red stars of such spectral type. Other studies have also shown that synchronized binary systems with evolved components seem to keep more of their original lithium than the unsynchronized systems. evertheless, the connection between rotation and lithium abundance as well as the role of tidal effects on lithium dilution seem to be more complicated matters, depending on mass, metallicity and age. This work brings an unprecedented study about the behavior of lithium abundance in solartype evolved stars based on an unique sample of 1067 subgiant, giant and supergiant stars, 236 of them presenting spectroscopic binary characteristics, with precise lithium abundance and projected rotational speed. Now the lithium-rotation connection for single and binary evolved stars is analyzed taking into account the role of mass and stellar age

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

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The study physical process that control the stellar evolution is strength influenced by several stellar parameters, like as rotational velocity, convective envelope mass deepening, and magnetic field intensity. In this study we analyzed the interconnection of some stellar parameters, as Lithium abundance A(Li), chromospheric activity and magnetic field intensity as well as the variation of these parameters as a function of age, rotational velocity, and the convective envelope mass deepening for a selected sample of solar analogs and twins stars. In particular, we analyzed the convective envelope mass deepening and the dispersion of lithium abundance for these stars. We also studied the evolution of rotation in subgiants stars, because its belong to the following evolutionary stage of solar analogs, and twins stars. For this analyze, we compute evolutionary models with the TGEC code to derive the evolutionary stage, as well as the convective envelope mass deepening, and derive more precisely the stellar mass, and age for this 118 stars. Our Investigation shows a considerable dispersion of lithium abundance for the solar analogs stars. We also realize that this dispersion is not by the convective zone deep, in this way we observed which the scattering of A(Li) can not be explained by classical theories of mixing in the convective zone. In conclusion we have that are necessary extra-mixing process to explain this decrease of Lithium abundance in solar analogs and twins stars. We analyzed the subgiant stars because this are the subsequent evolutionary stage after the solar analogs and twins stars. For this analysis, we compute the rotational period for 30 subgiants stars observed by Co- RoT satellite. For this task we apply two different methods: Lomb-Scargle algorithm, and the Plavchan Periodogram. We apply the TGEC code we compute models with internal distribution of angular momentum to confront the predict results with the models, and the observational results. With this analyze, we showed which solid body rotation models are incompatible with the physical interpretation of observational results. As a result of our study we still concluded that the magnetic field, convective envelope mass deepening, and internal redistribution of angular momentum are essential to explain the evolution of low-mass stars, and its observational characteristics. Based on population synthesis simulation, we concluded that the solar neighborhood presents a considerable quantity of solar twins when compared with the discovered set nowadays. Altogether we foresee the existence around 400 solar analogs in the solar neighborhood (distance of 100 pc). We also study the angular momentum of solar analogs and twins, in this study we concluded that added angular momentum from a Jupiter type planet, putted in the Jupiter position, is not enough to explain the angular momentum predicted by Kraft law (Kraft 1970)

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The study of solar-type stars also includes the familiar solar analogs and twins. These objects have been one of the major research subjects in astrophysics nowadays. A direct comparison of solar activity with chromospheric activity indices for a set of stars very similar to the Sun (twins and analogs) provides an excellent opportunity to study the evolution of stellar activity on timescales of the order of the lifetime on the main sequence. This work deals with the relationship between the abundance of lithium, chromospheric activity, X-ray emission and rotation period in terms of stellar ages. We explore the influence of stellar evolution in the global properties of the stars and the aspects linked to its coronal, chromospheric and magnetic activity. Our main objective is to probe the law of decay of each of these parameters based on a sample of stars classified as well-connected as analogs stars and solar twins.

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The connection between rotation, CaII emission flux and lithium abundance is analyzed for a sample of subgiant stars, with evolutionary status was determined from the Toulouse-Geneve code and HlPPARCOS trigonometric parallax measurements. We noted that the distribution of rotation and CaII emission flux, as a function of effective temperature, shows a discontinuity located around the same spectral type, F8IV. Stars located blueward of this spectral type, exhibit a large spread of values of rotation and CaII flux, whereas stars redward of F8lV show essentially low ratation anel low CaII flux. The strength of these declines nevertheless, depends on stellar mass. The distribution of lithium abundances also shows a discontinuity, however with behavior a little more complex for subgiants with mass lower than about 1.2 Solar Masses, this decrease is observed later than that in rotation and CaII flux, whereas for masses higher than 1.2 Solar Masses the decrease in lithium abundance is located around the spectral type F8IV. The discrepancy between the location of the discontinuities of rotation and CaII flux and log n(Li) for stars with masses lower than 102 Solar Masses, seems to reflect the sensitivity of these phenomena to the mass of the convective envelope. The drop in rotation, which results mostly from a magnetic braking, requires an increase in the mass of the convective envelope less than that required for the decrease in lithium abundance The location of the discontinuity in log n( Li) in the same region of the discontinuity ties in rotation and CaII flux, for stars with masses higher than 1.2 Solar Masses, may also be explained by the behavior of the deepening of the convective envelope. In contrast to the relationship between rotation and CaII flux the relationship between lithium abundance and rotation shows no dear tendency toward linear behavior. Similarly, the same tendency is observed in the relationship between lithium abundance and CaII flux in spite of these facts, subgiants with high lithium content also have high rotation and high CaII emission flux. We also observed that stars with high lithium content present, in its majority, an undeveloped convective envelope, whereas stars with low lithium content have a developed convective envelope. In the case of the rotation, stars with undeveloped convective envelope, show rotational velocities as much high as low, whereas stars with developed convective envelope only present low rotation

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A rotação estelar é um dos mais importantes observáveis da evolução estelar. Neste sentido, o satélite CoRoT representa uma oportunidade única de medir os períodos rotacionais para uma amostra de estrelas estatisticamente robusta, oferecendo dados absolutamente necessários para o estudo da rotação e seu papel na evolução estelar. Para conseguir isto, um passo fundamental é a caracterização física e química das estrelas observadas pelo CoRoT, especificamente devido ao fato de que o cálculo de períodos rotacionais confiáveis é um trabalho difícil sem a ajuda dos parâmetros estelares. Desta forma, foi elaborado um importante seguimento observacional das estrelas nos campos do CoRoT do anticentro LRa01 e do centro LRc01, permitindo a correta identificação dos períodos que reflitam a modulação rotacional. Nesta tese de doutorado são apresentados os resultados de tal seguimento. Parâmetros físicos e químicos, tais como temperatura efetiva Teff , gravidade superficial log(g), velocidade de microturbulência Vmic, abundância de ferro [Fe/H], velocidade de rotação projetada Vsin(i), e abundância de lítio A(Li) são apresentados para uma amostra de 116 estrelas dos campos CoRoT. Elas se encontram em diferentes estágios evolutivos, desde a sequência principal (SP) até o ramo das gigantes vermelhas (GV). As observações foram feitas utilizando os espectrógrafos UVES (VLT) e HYDRA (CTIO). Para a derivação de tais parâmetros foram utilizados o programa TurboSpectrum e os modelos de atmosfera de MARCS. Paralelamente, velocidades rotacionais Vsin(i) foram obtidas a partir do ajuste dos perfis observados e sintéticos das linhas de ferro e por meio de uma calibração de função de correlação cruzada (CCF). Períodos rotacionais Prot para 77 estrelas da amostra foram obtidos a partir das curvas de luz do satélite CoRoT. Extensas tabelas destes parâmetros e seus respectivos erros são apresentadas. Foram encontradas diferenças nas distribuições de Teff , [Fe/H] e estágios evolutivos entre os diferentes campos do CoRoT, indicando possíveis efeitos de seleção na amostra, assim como a existência de diferentes populações estelares do disco Galáctico. Por outro lado, o comportamento rotacional e as abundâncias de lítio não apresentam diferenças entre estrelas de parâmetros físicos similares, mas que pertencem a diferentes campos do CoRoT. A partir da análise de temperaturas, foi encontrada uma maior extinção por avermelhamento para estrelas do CoRoT localizadas no campo LRc01, assim como um gradiente deste valor em função da distância. Os resultados mostram que as abundâncias de lítio, as velocidades de rotação e os períodos rotacionais apresentam o mesmo comportamento descrito na literatura. Por outro lado, é apresentada pela primeira vez a relação que existe entre o lítio e o período de rotação em diferentes estágios evolutivos, mostrando, tal como era esperado, que ambas as grandezas possuem uma anticorrelação. Também é apresentada a evolução simultânea da rotação e do lítio, e foram calculadas relações que permitem obter valores médios de A(Li) como função da temperatura efetiva e do período rotacional. Os dados apresentados nesta tese de doutorado representam um importante ponto de partida para serem utilizados como uma amostra de calibração para diferentes programas no contexto da missão do satélite CoRoT, uma vez que a lista de estrelas aqui analisadas são parte das mais brilhantes que compõem o campo Exo do CoRoT

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One of the best established properties of the single late type evolved stars is that their rotational velocity and lithium content decrease with effective temperature and age. Nevertheless, the root cause of this property, as well as the link between rotation and lithium abundance and, in particular, the effects of binarity on rotation and lithium content in binary systems with evolved component, are not yet completely established. How does the gravitational tides, in binary systems, affects rotational evolution and lithium dilution? Trying to answer these questions, we have carried out an observational survey, in the lithium region centered at the lithium I line A6707.81A, for a large sample of about 100 binary systems with evolved component along the spectral range F, G and K, with the CES spectrometer mounted at the CAT 1.44 m Telescope of the ESO, La Silla, Chile. By combining the abundances of lithium issued from these observations with rotational velocity and orbital parameters, we have found a number of important results. First of all, we confirm that in this class of binary systems rotation is effectively affected by tidal effects. Binary systems with orbital period lower than about 100 days and circular or nearly circular orbits, present rotational velocity enhanced in relation to the single giant stars and to the binary systems with an orbital period larger than 100 days. This is clearly the result of the synchonization between the rotational and orbital motions due to tidal effects. In addition, we have found that lithium abundances in binary systems with giant components present the same gradual decreasing with effective temperature, observed in the single giants of same luminosity class and spectral types. We have found no lithium-rich binary systems, in contrast with single giants. A remarkable result from the present study is the one showing that synchronized binary systems with giant component retains more of their original lithium than the unsynchronized systems. In fact, we have found a possible "inhibited zone", in which synchronized binary systems with giant component having lithium abundance lower than a threshold level should be unusual. Finally, the present study also shows that the binary systems with giant component presenting the highest lithium contents are those with the highest rotation rates

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Lithium (Li) is a chemical element with atomic number 3 and it is among the lightest known elements in the universe. In general, the Lithium is found in the nature under the form of two stable isotopes, the 6Li and 7Li. This last one is the most dominant and responds for about 93% of the Li found in the Universe. Due to its fragileness this element is largely used in the astrophysics, especially in what refers to the understanding of the physical process that has occurred since the Big Bang going through the evolution of the galaxies and stars. In the primordial nucleosynthesis in the Big Bang moment (BBN), the theoretical calculation forecasts a Li production along with all the light elements such as Deuterium and Beryllium. To the Li the BNB theory reviews a primordial abundance of Log log ǫ(Li) =2.72 dex in a logarithmic scale related to the H. The abundance of Li found on the poor metal stars, or pop II stars type, is called as being the abundance of Li primordial and is the measure as being log ǫ(Li) =2.27 dex. In the ISM (Interstellar medium), that reflects the current value, the abundance of Lithium is log ǫ(Li) = 3.2 dex. This value has great importance for our comprehension on the chemical evolution of the galaxy. The process responsible for the increasing of the primordial value present in the Li is not clearly understood until nowadays. In fact there is a real contribution of Li from the giant stars of little mass and this contribution needs to be well streamed if we want to understand our galaxy. The main objection in this logical sequence is the appearing of some giant stars with little mass of G and K spectral types which atmosphere is highly enriched with Li. Such elevated values are exactly the opposite of what could happen with the typical abundance of giant low mass stars, where convective envelops pass through a mass deepening in which all the Li should be diluted and present abundances around log ǫ(Li) ∼1.4 dex following the model of stellar evolution. In the Literature three suggestions are found that try to reconcile the values of the abundance of Li theoretical and observed in these rich in Li giants, but any of them bring conclusive answers. In the present work, we propose a qualitative study of the evolutionary state of the rich in Li stars in the literature along with the recent discovery of the first star rich in Li observed by the Kepler Satellite. The main objective of this work is to promote a solid discussion about the evolutionary state based on the characteristic obtained from the seismic analysis of the object observed by Kepler. We used evolutionary traces and simulation done with the population synthesis code TRILEGAL intending to evaluate as precisely as possible the evolutionary state of the internal structure of these groups of stars. The results indicate a very short characteristic time when compared to the evolutionary scale related to the enrichment of these stars

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

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Uma constante no trabalho plural de Haroldo de Campos é o apreço pela intertextualidade. Em um percurso que toca as mais distantes e distintas galáxias, destacamos uma constelação: quatro textos literários (Finismundo: a última viagem, Signância quase céu, Galáxias e A máquina do mundo repensada) que entram em diálogo com a Commedia, de Dante Alighieri, e uma tradução de Haroldo de seis cantos do paraíso. Desdobrando o interesse de Haroldo de Campos pelo concreto da obra, partimos de algumas soluções formais dos textos em questão para pensar a experiência estética e a diferença entre as visões de mundo das obras comparadas.O estudo da Commedia permite perceber configurações formais que aproximam o leitor da experiência mística da personagem ao apresentá-la como experiência estética. O interesse de Haroldo de Campos está no potencial estético da obra de Dante. Confrontando o texto do poeta italiano com a tradução e com os quatro poemas citados acima, mostramos as semelhanças e diferenças dos processos de tradução e mimesis nas diversas metamorfoses pelas quais a Commedia passa nas criações de Haroldo de Campos

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Este estudo avaliou o efeito de diferentes métodos de silanização e aplicação do ácido hidrofluorídrico (HF) sobre a resistência à microtração de uma cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio a um cimento resinoso. Quarenta blocos de IPS e.max Press /Ivoclar Vivadent (5x5x6mm) foram cimentados a blocos de resina Z250/3M ESPE (5x5x6mm) usando o cimento resinoso RelyX ARC/3M ESPE de acordo com os seguintes métodos de tratamento superficial: G1: 20s de ácido fluorídrico (HF) + silano não hidrolisado Primer-Activactor/Dentsply (SNH) seco à temperatura ambiente; G2: 20s HF + silano pré-hidrolisado RelyX Ceramic-Primer/3M ESPE (SPH) seco à temperatura ambiente; G3: 10s HF + SNH seco com ar quente (50oC-2min); G4: 10sHF + SPH seco com ar quente (50oC-2min); G5: sem ácido, SNH seco com ar quente (50oC-2min); G6: sem ácido, SPH seco com ar quente (50oC-2min); G7: sem ácido, SNH seco à temperatura ambiente; G8: sem ácido, SPH seco à temperatura ambiente. Antes de cada método de silanização, os blocos cerâmicos receberam acabamento com lixas de carbeto de silício (220-600) e limpeza com ácido fosfórico 37% (1min). A cimentação foi realizada com carga vertical de 1kg por 10min. Os conjuntos de cerâmica/cimento/resina foram armazenados em água destilada (37C) por 24 horas e depois seccionados em máquina de corte Isomet 1000 a fim de obter palitos (n = 40) de 1mm2 de área da seção transversal, que foram submetidos ao teste de microtração em máquina de ensaio universal Emic (v = 0,5mm/min). O modo de fratura foi avaliado em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando ANOVA / Dunnett (p-valor = 0,000). As médias MPa e desvio padrão foram: G1-21,5 (8,9) BC; G2-30,5 (7,2) A; G3-19.4 (9.1) BC; G4-24,0 (9,0) B; G5-8.1 (3.2) D; G6 -18,0 (6,2) C; G7-7.8 (2,6) D; G8-6.3 (2,5) D. Grupos 2, 3, 4 e 6 não tiveram falhas prematuras dos palitos contra os grupos 1, 5, 7 e 8, que apresentaram 2,2; 44,4; 75,6 e 33,3% de perdas prematuras, respectivamente. O teste de correlação foi realizado apresentando significância estatística, com valor de -0,736 (p-valor = 0,000), mostrando que, a medida que o percentual de perda prematura aumenta, a média da MPa diminui. Quanto ao modo de fratura, observou-se 44,97% de falhas do tipo mista, 51,70% de falhas do tipo adesiva, 3,33% de falhas do tipo coesiva do cimento. Quando é realizada a supressão do condicionamento com HF como pré-tratamento da superfície cerâmica IPS e.max Press, a aplicação de silano SPH, associada ao seu tratamento térmico, deve ser o método de silanização recomendado, embora os valores mais elevados de resistência de união tenham sido os obtidos quando utilizado o condicionamento com HF por 20s. Quando é realizada a redução do tempo de condicionamento com HF para 10s, a aplicação do silano (SPH ou SNH) deve ser sempre associada ao seu tratamento térmico. O SNH só deve ser usado se as superfícies das cerâmicas IPS e.max Press forem tratadas com HF.

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A região do Algarve é uma das regiões da União Europeia com maior potencialidade no aproveitamento da energia solar nomeadamente através da utilização de sistemas solares térmicos para aquecimento de água. A tecnologia utilizada nestes sistemas é relativamente simples e bem conhecida mas infelizmente verifica-se que, por diversas razões, nem sempre é aplicada. A alternativa, é a utilização de sistemas de aquecimento de água que utilizam combustíveis fósseis, quer de forma directa, como por exemplo através da queima de um combustível (gasóleo, gás propano, etc), ou de forma indirecta, através da electricidade. A utilização de combustíveis fósseis esta na origem de um dos maiores problemas ambientais da nossa época, o aquecimento global. Além disso, dependendo do tipo de combustível e da

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Tese dout., Física - Astrofísica, Universidade do Algarve, 2007

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Dissertação de mest., Turismo e Culturas Urbanas, Escola Superior de Gestão, Hotelaria e Turismo, Univ. do Algarve, 2013