158 resultados para Espermatozoides criopreservados


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Cryopreservation of sperm is important to preserve the germplasm from animals of genetic value, which can die unexpectedly. This study compares conventional and automated methods of cryopreservation of spermatozoa obtained from the epididymis of bulls post-mortem. Twenty-two epididymides were obtained from a commercial slaughterhouse. Spermatozoa were collected from the tail of the epididymis using the retrograde flow technique. Thus, the samples, which were diluted in 10 ml of extender without glycerol (Botubov® I, Botupharma, Botucatu, SP, Brazil), were evaluated on motility, sperm vigor, structural and functional (swelling hypoosmotic test) membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, sperm viability and ADN fragmentation. The samples were divided into two aliquots and diluted in extender with glycerol (Botubov® II, Botupharma, Botucatu, SP, Brazil) at a concentration of 50x106 motile sperm/0.5 French straws. One sample was frozen by the conventional method (4 hours at 5°C, in a refrigerator and 20 min in nitrogen vapor) and the other by the automated method (Cryogen® Dualflex, Neovet, Uberaba, MG, Brazil). The parameters were higher in all the tests of fresh sperm samples, with the exception of the swelling hypoosmotic test, which showed no significant difference when the results were compared with sperm frozen by the conventional method. The average motility of fresh spermatozoa was 74%, and conventional and automated averages were 29 and 25%, respectively. Therefore, although cryopreservation techniques reduce sperm quality parameters, the viability of the sperm is maintained, and these methods can be used to preserve sperm.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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The general objective of this thesis was to stablish protocols to obtain and conserve agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) sperm bred in captivity in the Brazilian semi-arid, aiming its sustainable production. The thesis was divided in three experiments. In the first one, we studied the influence of the interaction between two probes (quadratics and sine waves) and two stimulation protocols (continuous and in series) on the agouti sperm collection by electroejaculation efficiency. The most efficient interaction on this obtainment was the one with probes with rings associated with stimuli in series (4/7; 57%, P<0.05). In the second experiment we compared the cryoprotectant effects of different substances (glycerol, ethyleneglycol, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide) on epididymis sperm cryopreservation. The highest values on motility (39.5±4.6%), vigor (2.9±0.2) and membrane integrity (30.6±4.5%) were observed on the samples cryopreserved using glycerol when compared to those with ethyleneglycol and dimethylformamide, but there was no difference (P>0.05) when compared to the samples cryopreserved with dimethylsulfoxide. At last, we studied the effects of the methods to obtain sperm (electroejaculation vs epididymal collection) on post thawing sperm quality. The samples obtained by epididymal retrograde flushing showed values for motility of 25.0±10.9% and vigor 2.4±0.8, and those obtained by electroejaculation had 31.2±14.2% of motility and vigor of 2.2±0.7, however, without statistical difference (P>0.05), which shows the possibility to successfully use the epididymal sperm cryopreservation protocol on agouti ejaculated sperm. In conclusion, significant advances on obtainment and processing of agouti sperm were made, allowing the establishment of germplasm banks from sperm samples obtained from the epididymis or by electroejaculation.

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En los último años el concepto clásico del Sistema Renina-Angiotensina (SRA)como un regulador de la función renal y cardiovascular ha cambiado. La identificación de nuevos componentes con diversas funciones ha ampliado el marco de actuación de este sistema. Estudios han demostrado que el SRA está involucrado en diversos procesos de reproducción masculina. En esta investigación se ha descubierto la presencia del receptor Mas de la angiotensina-(1-7) y de su mRNA en espermatozoides humanos mediante técnicas de inmunofluorescencia y RT-PCR.

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El present treball analitza la morfologia espermàtica de l'ejaculat de Sus domesticus, la histologia del conducte epididimari i la qualitat de l'esperma epididimari. El material d'estudi prové de mascles reproductors porcins de les races Landrace i Pietrain, sans i sexualment madurs. La metodologia emprada es basa en l'examen al microscopi òptic (camp dar, contrast de fases i contrast interferencial) i al microscopi electrònic (de rastreig i de transmissió). Per a l'anàlisi estadística de les dades s'ha utilitzat el test de la X2 de Pearson (p<0,01). L'estudi de la morfologia espermàtica de l'ejaculat permet distingir diversos tipus de gàmetes que s'han classificat en tres grups: espermatozoides madurs, espermatozoides immadurs i espermatozoides aberrants, així com algunes cèI.lules somàtiques. L'espermatozoide madur de Sus domesticus és un gàmeta típic de mamífer (format per tres parts: cap, peça de connexió i cua) en que destaquen: la forma oval i plana del cap, el desenvolupament d'una protuberància acrosòmica apical en una de les cares del cap i la presencia dels cossos laminars en la peça de connexió. L'espermatozoide immadur es caracteritza per la presencia de la gota citoplasmàtica, el major desenvolupament de la protuberància acrosòmica apical i per la flexibilitat del cap. Els espermatozoides aberrants es descriuen i classifiquen segons la morfologia externa i la morfologia interna, distingint-se una amplia gama de malformacions que afecten les diverses parts de l'espermatozoide. Les cèl·lules somàtiques presents en l'ejaculat ofereixen les característiques pròpies d'un macròfag i se les ha observat englobant espermatozoides immadurs. L'estudi de l'estructura i la ultraestructura de les tres regions anatòmiques de l'epidídim (caput, corpus i cauda) revela que: a) l'epiteli epididimari és pseudoestratificat amb esterocilis, b) cada regió epididimària presenta uns valors característics en relació al diàmetre intern del conducte, a l'alçada de l'epiteli, a la longitud dels esterocilis i al nombre de cèl·lules somàtiques luminals, i c) l'epiteli epididimari esta format per cinc tipus cel·lulars: les cèl·lules principals, les cèl·lules basals, les cèl·lules dares, les cèl·lules estretes i les cèl·lules basòfiles. Dels resultats obtinguts es pot deduir que: a) aquests cinc tipus cel·lulars es distribueixen al llarg del conducte epididimari de forma no homogènia, b) les cèl·lules basals, les cèl·lules principals, les cèI.Iules dares i les cèl·lules estretes són diversos estadis del desenvolupament d'un mateix tipus cel·lular especialitzat en la secreció i reabsorció cel·lular, i c) les cèl·lules basòfiles són les precursores de les cèl·lules somàtiques luminals. La qualitat de l'esperma procedent de les tres regions de l'epidídim ha estat analitzada a partir dels següents paràmetres espermàtics: vitalitat, resistència osmòtica dels acrosomes, estabilitat cefàlica, morfologia, malformacions i aglutinació. La vitalitat espermàtica disminueix progressivament al llarg del conducte epididimari. La resistència osmòtica dels acrosomes s'assoleix en la regió corporal de l'epidídim. L'estabilitat cefàlica dels espermatozoides és més elevada en les dues primeres regions de l'epidídim que en la regió caudal. Cada regió de l'epidídim es caracteritza per una morfologia espermàtica específica: a) el caput es caracteritza per l'elevat percentatge d'espermatozoides immadurs amb gota citoplasmàtica proximal, b) el corpus es caracteritza per l'elevat percentatge d'espermatozoides immadurs amb gota citoplasmàtica distal, i c) el cauda es caracteritza per l'elevat percentatge d'espermatozoides madurs. S'han estudiat les següents malformacions d'origen epididimari: espermatozoides de cua doblegada per l'anell de Jensen (origen en el cauda), espermatozoides de cua enrotllada i espermatozoides de cues fusionades (origen en el corpus). Els espermatozoides perden la capacitat de doblegar la cua per la peça intermèdia a mesura que avancen pel conducte epididimari. L'aglutinació espermàtica tendeix a augmentar progressivament al llarg del conducte epididimari, si bé, no s'han observat variacions significatives en els diversos tipus d'aglutinació. La maduració epididimaria dels espermatozoides de Sus domesticus és un procés lent i complex, i la qualitat de l'ejaculat depèn de que aquesta maduració hagi estat completa. La presencia en l'esperma ejaculat de formes gamètiques pròpies de l'esperma epididimari és un signe d'una incompleta maduració dels espermatozoides; i, pot considerar-se com un paràmetre indicador d'estrés del mascle reproductor, tant més quant més s'assembli a la morfologia espermàtica de la regió cefàlica de l'epidídim.

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Objetivo: Investigar a influência do tamanho dos fragmentos ovarianos na preservação dos folículos primordiais e primários pós-congelamento. Desenho: Experimento laboratorial controlado. Foram realizadas análises histológicas comparativas em grupos controle e pós-congelamento de fragmentos de ovários bovinos. No grupo dos fragmentos menores, a menor das medidas era de 2mm e no grupo dos fragmentos maiores, todos as medidas eram maiores de 2mm. Local de Realização: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária da UFRGS e Centro de Reprodução Humana Nilo Frantz, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Animais: Foi utilizado um ovário de vaca raça Hereford. Resultados Principais: Nos fragmentos congelados com medida de 2mm, e com medidas maiores de 2mm, a percentagem de folículos normais foi de 56% e 34%, respectivamente. O risco relativo para a manutenção dos folículos normais póscongelamento nos fragmentos com de 2mm e maiores de 2mm foi de 0,63 e de 0,47, respectivamente. A comparação desse dois riscos relativos mostrou, de forma significativa (qui-quadrado de heterogeneidade p=0,022), que o impacto do congelamento na redução das taxas de sucesso foi maior nos fragmentos com espessuras maiores de 2mm. Conclusões principais: Este estudo mostrou que há um comprometimento maior na preservação folicular em fragmentos ovarianos criopreservados com espessuras maiores de 2mm.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Objective: Compare the cryoprotectants Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO), Ethylene Glycol (EG) and their association for cryopreservation of sheep ovarian cortex. Methodology: Fragments collected from ovaries were divided into 3 parts. 1. One part from sample was destined for analysis of fresh material. 2. The second part was incubated with solution of freezing having 1,5M EG or 1,5M DMSO or 1,5MEG + 1,5M DMSO and washed for dilution of the cryoprotectants. 3. The third part was submitted to cryopreservation using the same cryoprotectans (EG 1,5M; DMSO 1,5M and EG + DMSO 1,5M) and cryopreserved. In all groups, one part of sample was submitted to pre-antral follicles isolation and the remainder was destined to ultra-structural analysis. Results: After isolation of fresh primordial follicles (control), the percentage of viable follicles was 78,9%. The percentage of viable follicles only exposed to cryoprotectants 1,5M EG, 1,5M DMSO and 1,5M EG + 1,5M DMSO was 77,1%, 68,4% and 60,7% respectively. After cryopreservation were 75%, 60% and 55,6% respectively. Ultra-structural analysis of the primordial follicles derived from fresh ovarian fragments or from fragments just exposed to the cryoprotectants showed similar morphology. However, in frozen samples, alterations of mitochondria were observed in all groups. Despite this, the integrity of the remained organelles was preserved in follicles cryopreserved with EG, while that in others groups (DMSO and association) an excess of vacuolizaton in cytoplasm of oocytes and swelling of nuclear membrane was observed indicating degeneration. Conclusion: The Ehilene Glycol seems to be the cryoprotector more adequated for cryopreservation of sheep ovarian tissue.

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The application of assisted reproduction techniques has provided help to many men seeking to father a child, although the current success of these procedures remains suboptimal. Today some protocols allow sperm to be selected according to their ultrastructural morphology or surface molecular characteristics. On the other hand, successful human reproduction relies partly on the inherent integrity of sperm DNA. Therefore, it is now necessary to improve the safety of the sperm selection method. It is urgent to optimize procedures to isolate spermatozoa for ICSI with low risk of DNA damage. In recent years, two technologies have attracted the attention of specialists as methods capable of identifying a spermatozoon with low risk of DNA damage: Ultrastructural morphology sperm selection at high magnification and sperm head birefringence selection. This review analyses these two technologies. © Todos os direitos reservados a SBRA - Sociedade Brasileira de Reprodução Assistida.

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Objective: This prospective randomized trial evaluated if there is an improvement in clinical outcomes when assisted hatching is performed in embryos derived from vitrified oocytes in an ovum donation program. Methods: Sixty oocyte recipients undergoing donation program using egg-cryobanking were randomly allocated to the assisted hatched (AH, n=30) or control group (n=30). Pregnancy and implantation rates were compared between the groups. Vitrification and warming procedure were carried out according to the Cryotopmethod. Immediately before embryo transfer, embryos undergoing laser-assisted hatching had the zona pellucida thinned using a 1.48 μm wavelength diode laser. Results: A total of 288 vitrified MII oocytes were warmed for the 60 recipients (4.8 oocytes per recipient). Out of 288 vitrified oocytes, 273 (94.8%) survived. All surviving oocytes were sperm injected and 228 displayed 2 pronucleus 16-18h after injection (83.5%). There were 172 good quality embryos transferred. Twenty four patients achieved clinical pregnancy (total pregnancy rate of 40%). The clinical pregnancy rate did not differ between AH and control groups (44.4% and 33.3%, respectively, p=0.1967), however AH resulted in a significant higher implantation rate (31.6% and 18.4%, p=0.0206). These findings were confirmed by the regression models either for pregnancy (OR = 1.14; IC 95% = 0.80-.72; p= 0.766), as for the implantation rate (RC:19.45, P=0.041). Conclusions: Our evidences demonstrated the effectiveness of the AH in embryos derived from warmed oocytes and suggest that oocyte cryopreservation is a valuable tool to provide successful outcomes in an egg donor program. © Todos os direitos reservados a SBRA - Sociedade Brasileira de Reprodução Assistida.