868 resultados para Espaços e saberes
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Os processos de tornar-se aluno, mediados pelas identidades e pertencimentos, é o objeto desse estudo. O desenvolvimento desse estudo voltou-se para compreender esses processos e melhor informar, principalmente, aos que dela participam na construção de espaços e saberes que privilegiem o sujeito aluno e, possivelmente, redimensionar o papel da escola e dos professores no atual contexto sócio-educacional brasileiro. A partir dos aspectos teórico-epistemológicos, bem como dos dados metodológico-empíricos pretende-se propor uma teoria sobre o tornar-se aluno baseada no paradigma dialético de construção do conhecimento. Buscou-se compreender o cenário da escola como um espaço de inclusão que conflita com as práticas de interação socioculturais de sala de aula pela utilização de normas e ideologias distantes das propostas das políticas de uma escola inclusiva. Através da abordagem etnográfica de pesquisa objetivou-se estudar, analisar a natureza dos processos de tornar-se aluno, descrita por três grupos de participantes da pesquisa, em diferentes momentos de transição de suas vidas acadêmicas (educação infantil, ensinos fundamental e superior). Considera-se que a etnografia na educação tem um potencial dialético e sócio-interativo para explicar a perspectiva do aluno e outros sujeitos da escola sobre a escolarização e os processos de tornar-se aluno. Nesse sentido, buscou-se identificar e descrever as características das diferentes etapas do processo de escolarização a partir da vivência das práticas educacionais pelos alunos e das relações e interações dos atores escolares intermediadas pelo deveres, fazeres e saberes observados na ação pedagógica em sala de aula. Procurou-se, ainda, entender e explicitar o papel da memória na construção individual e coletiva dos alunos sobre o tornar-se aluno para o desenvolvimento acadêmico e profissional. Nesse sentido, pretende-se, com a apresentação dos resultados desse estudo, contribuir para ampliar o entendimento sobre como o aluno torna-se aluno.
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Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT
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Essa tese estuda o currículo nos registros escritos e nas entrevistas realizadas com quatro professoras de uma escola pública do Município do Rio de Janeiro. Apoiando-se nos Estudos Culturais, a linguagem, nesse trabalho, tem um papel central e é pensada no fluxo contínuo da história e da cultura e o currículo é estudado como gênero do discurso, na perspectiva dos estudos de Mikhail Bakhtin. Nesse sentido, a forma e o conteúdo do material estudado não se apresentam dissociados, mas se relacionam com o contexto social, histórico e cultural onde foram produzidos. Trago, também, como contribuição para as análises, formulações teóricas de Michel Foucault no tocante às práticas disciplinares e também às discursivas e aos poderes que as permeiam. Nos registros estudados, embora haja marcas estilísticas pessoais, se observados sob um olhar mais amplo, há também pontos de encontro uma vez que todos se referem ao mesmo gênero, o currículo. Em todos são abordados temas relacionados ao currículo que se concretiza nas atividades pedagógicas de uma escola. Estes foram condensados em categorias como: os saberes comuns da escola/ conhecimento escolar; disciplina/ indisciplina; desenvolvimento ortográfico; aulas de matemática; planejamento curricular/ avaliação. No estudo realizado, pôde-se constatar que os sujeitos da investigação deixaram transparecer os momentos em que ocorreram mudanças e transformações no próprio pensamento. Seus registros se apresentaram algumas vezes descritivos, mas principalmente reflexivos, trazendo interpretações, impressões em relação aos assuntos abordados e manifestaram as angústias, aflições e conflitos no desenvolvimento do processo ensino- aprendizagem, evidenciando, em alguns momentos, contradições inerentes ao processo de desenvolvimento pessoal. Enfim, ressalto que essa pesquisa, ao realizar um estudo sobre o currículo, não pretendeu estabelecer generalizações em relação às situações observadas, o que não impediu, no entanto, que se fizessem algumas inferências e, por isso, espero que o trabalho realizado contribua para a retomada, na Escola que foi locus da investigação, das discussões sobre currículo, auxilie na reflexão sobre a prática pedagógica e também indique possíveis caminhos para as políticas públicas não só curriculares como de formação continuada de professores, campos que vejo como complementares.
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Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar se programas de relação entre universidade e sociedade orientados para a valorização e articulação de diferentes saberes são espaços privilegiados de aprendizagem organizacional. Foram estudados oito programas de relação entre universidade e sociedade, criados entre 1992 e 2001 e ainda em curso, no Brasil. Foram exploradas características de processos de aprendizagem no contexto das atividades desses programas, bem como mecanismos pelos quais articulam diferentes saberes, tanto entre segmentos nas próprias universidades, como em suas relações com a sociedade. O Programa de Desenvolvimento e Gestão Social (PDGS), da Universidade Federal da Bahia, foi estudado em profundidade, por meio da observação participante, entre agosto de 2003 e fevereiro de 2005. O foco da análise foi uma experiência de residência social – metodologia desenvolvida pelo PDGS para a formação de gestores sociais, baseada na articulação entre saberes científicos multidisciplinares e saberes não-científicos. Os demais sete programas foram estudados por meio de recursos para estudos de casos múltiplos, buscando-se ampliar a compreensão do fenômeno em análise: aprendizagem e articulação de saberes nas relações entre universidade e sociedade. O estudo baseou-se na abordagem social da aprendizagem, o que implica na ênfase às interações sociais que propiciam oportunidades de aprendizagem individual e organizacional, sobretudo no âmbito de comunidades de prática, em lugar da ênfase à aprendizagem que acontece na mente dos indivíduos, própria da abordagem cognitiva da aprendizagem. Foram, também, discutidas as relações entre o conhecimento científico e outros tipos de conhecimentos presentes na sociedade, buscando-se identificar a possibilidade de um padrão de relação mais horizontalizado entre eles do que o padrão definido a partir da ruptura da ciência com o senso comum, que fundou a ciência moderna. O estudo permitiu concluir que os programas analisados podem ser considerados espaços privilegiados de aprendizagem organizacional, embora enfrentem limites de diversas ordens para que esse potencial seja plenamente exercido. Conclui-se, ainda, que a aprendizagem e a articulação de diferentes saberes potencializam-se mutuamente e que ambas são propiciadas em situações que envolvem o engajamento de pessoas de diferentes formações e trajetórias em torno de práticas e empreendimentos compartilhados.
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Incorporar os diversos saberes locais nas políticas públicas é uma forma não apenas de garantir sua apropriação pela sociedade, mas também de promover cidadania com base na garantia de eqüidade e da diferença. Este trabalho busca analisar como os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde do Programa Saúde da Família realizam uma ponte entre os saberes locais, dos espaços e cotidianos vividos, e as políticas públicas de saúde. O trabalho retoma, primeiramente, conceitos como nova cidadania, direito à eqüidade e à diferença, espaço, território e saberes locais. Em seguida são analisadas as experiências de Sobral-CE e Londrina-PR a partir do acompanhamento do trabalho de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde nestas localidades. O objetivo é traçar algumas conclusões sobre a importância de se envolver pessoas da comunidade para que as políticas públicas promovam cidadania, acesso a serviços, direito à igualdade e à diferença e garantam melhores resultados.
Inovação e incorporação de novos saberes: o desenho curricular de um mestrado em inovação pedagógica
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This PH.D. thesis is an attempt to show the beginning, evolution and unfolding of the making of a pedagogical work proposal based on culturally-built knowings in the heart of a traditional community, having as one of its starting points the knowings and doings experienced by dish-making women from Maruanum living in the city of Macapá, State of Amapá, Brazil. This proposal is strongly associated with the need we have to think about the nature of (ethnological)-mathematical knowledge generated by particular communities and about the way such knowledge can be discussed, worked out, and validated in learning environments, regardless of the level of instruction and the constraints imposed by government programs and educational institutions. Among its theoretical foundations are studies on instrumental activities that are typical of the Maruanum ceramics and investigative studies from the point of view of ethnomathematics. Methodological development took place with the application of activities, where traditional and instrumental knowledge observed in the production of ceramics had been adapted for and brought into the school environment , participative observation, as well as data collecting and organization techniques, such as interviews, statements, and audio an visual recordings. Analysis of the data collected focused on the relationship between the data-generating potential and the purpose of this study. Our aim is to make and estimate of the potential contributions from local situations and/or problems it would possibly bring to the formative learning of people involved in the educational processes of these communities, with a view to a spatial and temporal transformation of reality
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This study investigates teacher training and cognitive practice of teachers in a Basic Education school that adopted the Project One Computer per Student (OCS) in their school routine. Its relevance consists in provide directions for the continuation of training activities on the Project and guide the teachers with their pedagogical practices using the laptop model one to one. The thesis defended is that the educator formation for social using of digital media (specially the laptops from the Project UCA) gives space to establish new sociotechnical relationships, of new social and professionals practices, new identitary components and a process of reflexivity and knowledge reconstruction to teach. We reaffirm the importance of reflexivity and appropriation of digital culture for the better development of teaching practice using the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), giving focus to the aspects of social and professional use of the technology. The study is part of the qualitative aspect and is a procedural tracking based on principles of ethnographic research. As procedures and methodological tools, were used: intensive observation of school environments, documental analysis, focal group, semi-structured questionnaires and semi-structured individual interviews. The research was held in a public school in the city of Parnamirim - RN. The subject sample relates to 17 teachers, coming from the elementary school I and II, Youth and Adult Education and High School, who went through the process of training UCA and having entered the laptops in their teaching. The research corpus is structured based on the messages built into the process of data collection and is analyzed based on principles of Content Analysis, specified by Laurence Bardin (2011). Was taken as theoretical reference studies by Tardif (2000; 2011), Pimenta (2009), Gorz (2004, 2005), Giddens (1991), Dewey, J. (1916), Boudieu (1994; 1999), Freire (1996; 2005), among others. The analysis indicates a process of reconstruction / revision of knowledge to teach and work in digital culture, being these knowledges guided by the experience of the subjects investigated. The reconstructed knowledges will be revealed from a categorization process. The following groups of knowledges: "technical knowledges", "didactic-methodological knowledges and knowledges of professionalization" were built on the assumption of ownership of digital culture in the educational context. The analysis confirms the appearance of new ways of sociability when acquiring other forms of acting and thinking ICTs, despite the environment adverse to the reflexivity shared among the teachers. Also reveals, based on the ownership concept present on the data analysis, the construction of meanings of belonging and transformation of individuals into social routes from the interweaving of the teaching practice with the digital culture. Emphasizes, finally, the importance of a training for use of ICTs that exceeds the instrumentation, in other words, what we call "technical knowledges", but taking on its structural basis the shared reflection, the opening for the ressignificance (new meaning) and reconstruction of new knowledges and practices and that really allows, to the teacher, the living of an experience capable of providing socio-technical transformations of their relationships
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This paper deals with the fundamental elements of a curricular proposal aiming at the formation of alphabetizers of young and adults, as long as it concerns the relation between the academic knowledge and that one arising from the classroom experience. The empirical field of the research comes from the work of the teachers responsible for the formation of the alphabetizers of the GerAção Cidadã Program (2004-2005) linked, as an Extension Program, to Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Indeed, it tries to understand how these young and adult educators makers figure out the link between the experienced knowledge, which their lives give testimony of, with the scientific knowledge, which they are entitled to mediate in class. This work is funded in the principles of the Collaborative Research, which constitutes a kind of qualitative research. It makes use of procedures supported by qualitative research, especially those ones related to reflexive sessions, as well as to documental researches and semi-structured interviews. These spaces have afforded the group of alphabetizers the opportunity to talk over their practice, not only individually but also collectively, in order to work out contributive proposals having in view changes in the educative actions. As elaborated contributions, we present a discussion about the specificities in the making of educators to EJA, in their differentiated social roles. Reflecting on the experiences of the educators makers, we highlight those elements we regard as essential to the constitution of a formation proposal, like formative times and spaces, dialogue and social memory. The curricular organization is compreneded as part of an enlarged dimension that does not restraint itself to school; rather, it is visualized as a structuring instance that connects different knowledge surpassing community and university. Under this optics, we come to the conclusion that the connection the scientific knowledge establishes with the experienced one, which is immersed in the cultural practices of those who are involved in the formative process, is the basement to a curricular proposal of a formation course destined to educators committed with the need of changing society
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The practice of medicine related to the gestational processes tend to be organized according to the context and the place of work, being thus dependent of the conditions both social and economical, and of the physical structure and the functionality of the services. The high mortality rate in this process has diminished, since 1986, the study made by the World Health Organization (WHO) as to the technical aspects and the social inequalities that influence this situation in different geographical contexts. This culminated recommendations that proposed the reorientation of the dynamical practice of medicine, with a focus on the safety of maternities. Brazil adopted, in the year 2000, the suggestions of the OMS, emphasizing the humanization as the main reason for these actions. However, this discussion tends to not consider the problems caused by the social inequalities and the epidemiological and social conditionings that define the actions of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde SUS). In this area, this research seeks to analyze the practices, cares taken, and the universal symbol that promotes and rewards the assistance to the birth of children by the SUS. Besides the analysis of the public documents that deal with this subject, an ethnographic study was developed in a maternity in Natal/RN, considered a model of humanization after receiving the Galba de Araújo prize in 2002. In this stage, the methodological strategies were observed, and the focus of the individual interviews with workers and users of this service. In the analysis of the data, it became evident that the different professional workers and women who gave birth, tend to show concern of the standards the delimit production and reproduction of the practice of medicine, as they favor the absence of a critical posture of the actions destined to the population. Besides this, if became evident that the institutional difficulties associated to the economical, cultural, and political problems also difficult the involvement and the reflection of the workers in favor of assisting changes of the process. There is also a utilization of a perspective prescriptive of humanization in the everyday life of the social workers, without reflection of its meaning. Some workers present, in their statements, a preoccupation with the social and economical aspects that affect the practice of medicine, and with the limitations of the humanization discourse that disarticulates the necessities of those involved in the process of formation, and soon tend to return to the discussion of humanization while a kind practice characterized by the minimization of the interventionist actions. Now the users of the system show themselves before the dynamic of the services, submitting themselves to what is offered while assistance, without questioning and/or reflecting about their usual shortages. Therefore, to think of changes in the know and do of the practice of medicine destined to the birth of children implies reflection on the quotidian production of these practices and of the social contexts that influence the process of assistance in the practice of medicine. Herein it would be possible to predict the appropriation, by different workers concerning their exasperations and necessities, making them active in the pursuit of their rights as citizens
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The present thesis, entitled Knowledge for teaching: reflecting over the Youth and Adult Education, mainly considered common aspects concerning teachers knowledge and youth and adult education. It aimed to analyze, in partnership with its participants, the knowledge which is requested for teaching youth and adults. It focused on the following question: What teaching knowledge is necessary for the professionals who work during the first grades of elementary school with the youth and adults? The research took place in a school named Escola Municipal São Lucas, located in the city of Vitória da Conquista, state of Bahia, having as reference the discourses of four participants involved in the experience of research-formation. The collaborative approach, based on qualitative principles, was the adopted theoricalmethodological way, considering four actions: describing, informing, confronting and reconstructing. Collective interviews, study and reflection sessions, literacy practice observations, documental analysis and notes regarding field work were procedures adopted throughout the research. In order to analyze and organize data, we were supported by the discourse analysis, by Bakhtin (1997), specifically about the discussions around the ideas of theme and signification, which are concepts related to processual and dialectical analysis. The results and conclusions of the research make it possible to affirm that pedagogical practices, professional experiences, dialogues with other individuals and knowledge acquired at the university and at other learning environments are the participants main knowledge sources. When it comes to the local educational politics, it is observed contradiction between the participants desires regarding the school pedagogical routines and the proposals of the local government in relation to education. From our point of view, the knowledge identified and analyzed in this thesis demands the development of a diligent, technical, scientific and politically planned formative process (initial and continued), which requires fundamental public investments to recreate the educational politics and, consequently, the pedagogical experiences within the schools, contributing to the Youth and Adult Education professionalization process