[Addresses before the Law Association of Philadelphia]

Includes bibliographical references

A report from the National Hispanic Conference on Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, July 28-30, 1980, Washington, D.C.

Item 968-H-1

A Call for action : the Illinois State Justice Commission final report, June 1996.

Report consists of (1) a description of issues identified by the Commission as important to future efforts to improve the quality of justice in Illinois, (2) a review and compilation of previous studies of the Illinois justice system, (3) highlights of national, state and local findings and (4) a guide for future action in Illinois.

Unorthodoxy in legislation: The Hungarian experience

This paper deals with legal unorthodoxy. The main idea is to study the so-called unorthodox taxes Hungary has adopted in recent years. The study of unorthodox taxes will be preceded by a more general discussion of how law is made under unorthodoxy, and what are the special features of unorthodox legal policy. Unorthodoxy challenges equality before the law and is critical towards mass democracies. It also raises doubts on the operability of the rule of law, relying on personal skills, or loyalty, rather than on impersonal mechanisms arising from checks and balances as developed by the division of political power. Besides, for lack of legal suppositions, legislation suffers from casuistry and regulatory capture.

Unorthodoxy in legislation: The Hungarian experience

This paper deals with legal unorthodoxy. The main idea is to study the so-called unorthodox taxes Hungary has adopted in recent years. The study of unorthodox taxes will be preceded by a more general discussion of how law is made under unorthodoxy, and what are the special features of unorthodox legal policy. Unorthodoxy challenges equality before the law and is critical towards mass democracies. It also raises doubts on the operability of the rule of law, relying on personal skills, or loyalty, rather than on impersonal mechanisms arising from checks and balances as developed by the division of political power. Besides, for lack of legal suppositions, legislation suffers from casuistry and regulatory capture.

Fums desiguals. Comentari a la STSJC, Sala Civil i Penal, 31.3.2008 (MP: Ma. Eugènia Alegret Burgués)

L'objecte del plet són els requisits necessaris per a la instal·lació d¿una xemeneia per a l'evacuació dels fums del local situat en els baixos d'un edifici en règim de propietat horitzontal. La matèria no és nova, però la STSJC de 31 de març de 2008 suposa un canvi de criteri jurisprudencial en relació amb la STSJC de 15 de gener de 2005, que la Sala ha de justificar per evitar la infracció del principi d¿igualtat en l¿aplicació de la llei.

Prestaciones por maternidad: modificaciones que aporta la Ley de Igualdad

La publicación en España de la Ley de Igualdad supone modificaciones en las prestaciones que se otorgan por maternidad y para la crianza de los hijos, tanto biológicos como adoptivos. El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer los cambios que se han producido en la normativa actual que regula las prestaciones por maternidad.

Prestaciones por maternidad: modificaciones que aporta la Ley de Igualdad

La publicación en España de la Ley de Igualdad supone modificaciones en las prestaciones que se otorgan por maternidad y para la crianza de los hijos, tanto biológicos como adoptivos. El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer los cambios que se han producido en la normativa actual que regula las prestaciones por maternidad.

Justice and Court Administrations, Their Workings and Efficiency in Switzerland : Aspects of Sentencing And Its Outcome In Swiss Cantons

The comparison of the operations of the administration of justice among cantons shows on one side large differences in the three major types of sentencing, in the use of pre-trial detention and the unsuspended prison sanction. When combined, one finds however very weak relationships when considering absolute, percentage or weighted results. On the other side, the outcome of these different policies is much paradoxical as there are no differences when comparing recidivism rates among cantons, despite strong differences in the use of pre-trial detention and the sentencing with prison sanctions. The paradoxical outcome of crime policies in terms of recidivism - e.g. the absence of differences of the outcome based on sanctions in the domain of less severe delinquency - suggests the need for more empirically informed crime policies. The role of justice administrators could be to participate in the dissemination of those findings as well as the dissemination of best practices among cantons with regard to outcomes and the use of resources - especially with consideration to the use of the prison sanction as it is the most costly and the most inefficient of all sanctions. Furthermore, the observance of the principle of equality before the law would be most likely be promoted.

Contrato social entre mujeres y hombres (Tema Central)

En esta intervención se pretende reflexionar acerca de una propuesta que ha ido ganando aceptación en los últimos tiempos: nos referimos al contrato social mujeres y hombres. Así, evocando el contrato social formulado por Rousseau como fundamento para la construcción del Estado, se pretende una nueva reedición del mismo. Un contrato que, se dice, se ha de celebrar entre los dos géneros, y mediante el cual deben fijarse las condiciones para una nueva convivencia social en la que participen por igual los ciudadanos y las ciudadanas.

Perspectives.

Title from cover.

Uguaglianza e differenza di genere nella riforma del diritto di famiglia: una lettura luhmanniana

La igualdad ante la ley es uno de los derechos fundamentales de las Constituciones modernas. Sin embargo, hay algo más. De hecho podría decirse que los modernos sistemas jurídicos se han ido formando alrededor de la idea de igualdad. El valor de la igualdad parece expresar una manera común de entender las relaciones humanas, especialmente en el caso de la igualdad de género, expresamente mencionado por el artículo de las Constituciones democráticas modernas que se refiere al principio de igualdad ante la ley. El presente estudio trata esa forma específica de igualdad que se caracteriza por la paradoja de querer tratar como igual lo que es diferente, o sea, de hacer distinciones sin discriminar. Con este fin nos referimos al enfoque jurídico y al enfoque político del tema como se encuentran en la reforma del derecho de familia. No es un problema de una específica legislación nacional, sino más bien una versión específica de un problema de nivel general. Se trata de la imposibilidad de construir como indistinguible lo que es diferente. El intento político de reformar el derecho de familia para implementar el principio constitucional de igualdad no consigue resolver el problema. Éste vuelve a aparecer por la imposibilidad que el derecho funcione sin crear diferencias. Al mismo tiempo, surgen problemas nuevos relacionado con formas nuevas de organizar la vida familiar.

The Racial Equality Directive – from law to practice. IES Policy Brief Issue 2013/07/September 2013

The transposition of the Racial Equality Directive (2000/43/EC) has immensely enhanced legal protection against discrimination on the grounds of racial and ethnic origin throughout the EU. More than 10 years after its adoption, the main challenge identified in many Member States is the enforcement of anti-discrimination laws in practice, in particular with regard to access to justice. Ultimately it is up to the domestic courts to ensure effective implementation of anti-discrimination law. Polls regularly show that the discrepancy between the levels of discrimination experienced and discrimination reported by victims must be seriously addressed. Awareness is low not only among the public but also among the members of the legal professions, leading to under-reporting of discrimination cases. In addition, data that reflect the ethnic or racial composition of the population are scarce which makes it difficult to prove discrimination before the competent authorities. Moreover, certain procedural difficulties that affect access to justice and effective enforcement also stem from the short limitation periods foreseen in legislation, lengthy procedures, evidence, high costs and failures in the provision of legal aid, ineffective sanctions, as well as barriers in the form of language and issues relating to legal standing or legitimate interest. The law remains complex and remedies often inadequate.