Mapeamento dos remanescentes de manguezal, a partir da interpretação de ortofotos coloridas, e análise dos vetores de pressão antrópica, como subsídio ao planejamento para conservação do ecossistema no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Manguezal é um ecossistema costeiro que ocorre nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais do planeta, ocupando a zona entremarés dos oceanos, e sendo caracterizado pela presença de vegetação arbórea adaptada à condições adversas de salinidade, substrato, baixa oxigenação e submersão periódica. A pressão sobre os manguezais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro vem se intensificando nas últimas décadas, e estão associadas a vetores de pressão como os aterros, desmatamentos, queimadas, corte seletivo de madeira, captura predatória de moluscos e crustáceos, lançamento de efluentes de origens diversas, a superexplotação dos recursos pesqueiros e a utilização de técnicas e apetrechos inadequados. Considerando a inexistência de mapeamento integrado e atualizado dos remanescentes de manguezal, indicando sua localização e dimensionamento, o presente estudo veio suprir essa demanda, construindo uma ferramenta consistente para a análise dos principais vetores a que estão expostos, subsidiando a proposição de ações para a conservação e monitoramento desse ecossistema. Essas ações consideram a necessidade de preservação da biodiversidade, da manutenção da atividade pesqueira, da estabilidade da linha de costa, e da subsistência de diversas populações que habitam a região costeira. O mapeamento dos manguezais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro foi elaborado a partir da interpretação visual de ortofotografias coloridas do ano de 2005, na escala 1:10.000, tendo sido realizadas checagens de campo para identificação da verdade terrestre. Os remanescentes mapeados totalizam uma área de aproximadamente 17.720 ha, estando distribuídos por sete regiões hidrográficas localizadas na zona costeira fluminense. Esses ocorrem com mais freqüência, e com maiores dimensões, nas regiões da baía da Ilha Grande, Guandu(Sepetiba) e baía de Guanabara. O estudo contemplou ainda o levantamento e sistematização de dados cartográficos e de sensoriamento remoto, e a identificação e análise dos principais vetores de pressão que atuam sobre esses, a partir da adaptação da metodologia da Análise de Cadeia Causal. Nessa análise foram identificados como principais problemas ambientais dos manguezais fluminenses, a Modificação de habitats e comunidades, a Poluição, e a Exploração não sustentável dos recursos pesqueiros, todos associados aos diferentes vetores de pressão já relacionados. Por fim, foram apresentadas propostas de ações para subsidiar a implementação da Política Estadual para a Conservação dos Manguezais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, contemplando os níveis operacional, de planejamento, e político. A reativação do Grupo Técnico Permanente sobre Manguezais é de vital importância para a retomada dessas discussões e para a implementação de ações, apoiado na ampliação dos conhecimentos sobre esse rico ecossistema e, integrando e fortalecendo a atuação dos diversos atores envolvidos, buscando assim garantir a integridade dos manguezais fluminenses

A mercantilização do meio ambiente na cidade de Cabo Frio a partir dos fundamentos de Pierre George

A presente pesquisa mostra a teoria de Pierre George, geógrafo francês que viveu e analisou o século XX. O autor produziu uma leitura crítica da realidade, a partir de um contexto com várias transformações espaciais, guerras, expansão da industrialização, desenvolvimento das políticas do meio ambiente, questões sociais, entre outros pontos. Pierre George analisa o meio ambiente relacionando com o sistema econômico e os fatores políticos, indicando a função importante do espaço o conceito geográfico central. A partir das décadas de 1960 e 1970, há no capitalismo o novo sistema verde, que promete cuidar da degradação ambiental, mas estrategicamente pretende continuar o modelo de desenvolvimento. Esta realidade será incorporada por várias cidades em países desenvolvidos e em países subdesenvolvidos, que usarão o meio ambiente como uma mercadoria. Nesta pesquisa veremos o exemplo de Cabo Frio, Rj, uma cidade turística desde a década de 1950, que utiliza o meio ambiente como uma mercadoria, explorando a praia, os espaços verdes e a lagoa. Então a cidade será um exemplo excelente para confirmar a análise de George

Política ambiental e desenvolvimento urbano na serra do periperi em Vitória da conquista - BA

This present dissertation has as its aim of study an analysis of the environmental policy and the urban development at the Periperi Hill. Such analysis arose due to concerns related to the disordered occupation in that Hill and also due to the environmental problems caused by this occupation. By opening roads and developing areas for housing and mineral extraction activities, man has altered considerably the landscape natural balance in that hill and caused among other difficulties, grave environmental problems, such as the erosin at the hill coast, deforestation, obstruction and pollution of the Verruga River. Therefore, in 1998 it was decreed by the Municipal Public Power that Periperi Hill became an Environmental Preservation Area with a Unit of Conservation known as Periperi Hill Municipal Park, an environmental policy implemented at the Hill that aims to hinder this occupation and to protect areas that are of great environmental importance to the city. It looking at what is now exposed and aiming to consider the Periperi Hill s environmental policy and the relationship of the occupation process, that this present work has the objective of understanding how the expansion of the city s urban network in Vitória da Conquista BA and the mineral activities cause an influence in the process of environmental degradation at the Periperi Hill

O licenciamento ambiental como instrumento de um desenvolvimento verdadeiramente sustentável

Since the second half of the 20th century, mankind concerns about life quality and environment preservation began to grow. In Brazil, the edition of the Law nº 6.938/81, that instituted the National Policy of the Environment (Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente PNMA), contributing significantly to the singular treatment towards the environment by the Federal Constitution of 1988 (Constituição Federal de 1988), can be appointed as a landmark of this awareness. The Law nº 6.938/81, following the line observed on the legislation of some Brazilian States, predicted on its 9th article the instruments of PNMA, among which the environmental licensing can be highlighted. This instrument presents itself as indispensable to the construction, installation, extension and operation of enterprises and activities that utilize environmental resources, seen as effective and potentially polluter industries, or even to those that can cause environment degradation. On a parallel way and as a consequence of this awareness, the concept of development begins to acquire a new shape. The development of a country or a region begins to consider not only economical factors, but also environmental, political, cultural and social aspects. Ecodevelopment, or sustainable development, then, arises. In this way, through research on legislation and on theme related doctrine, this work has the intention of analyzing environmental licensing as a PNMA instrument responsible for uniting economical development and the right to an ecologically balanced environment, that is, by the consecution of a truly sustainable development

Potential microbiological contamination of effluents in poultry and swine abattoirs

Health risks in the effluents of seven swine abattoirs and of seven poultry abattoirs were evaluated with regard to environment degradation and to dissemination of pathogenic microorganisms during the rainy and dry seasons. Supply-water samples from affluents and effluents of the treatment systems at different sites within the abattoir processing system were analysed. Similarly, water samples from the three recipient sites (emission point, 100 m upstream, 100 m downstream) were also analysed. Temperature, free residual chlorine (FRC), total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, enterococci, identification and serotyping of salmonellae were assessed. Scalding is the most significant stage in the slaughtering chain (P<0.05) when temperature is taken into account. Temperatures Lit effluents and at the sampled sites in the water bodies accorded to state and federal legislation standards. Supply waters did not meet the standards for FRC and microbial count standards according to the Ministry of Health and within limits imposed by the Industrial and Sanitary Inspection Regulations for Animal Products. Feather plucking and evisceration in Poultry slaughter and the cleansing of carcasses and facilities in Poultry and swine slaughtering had the highest contamination impact. The three loci at the water bodies were above the microbiological standards for classes II and III sites, in conformity with Law 8468 of the state of São Paulo, Brazil and Conama. Salmonella was found at several sites during slaughter, at both types of abattoirs, including in the effluent treatment system. This showed that these sites were the dissemination sources of the microorganism.

Estudo do aproveitamento do rejeito da mineração de esmeraldas na produção de refratários conformados isolantes

Emerald mining is an important area of the economy in Brazil, country which is in second place among the exporting nations of this gem. Due to the process of extraction, a great amount of reject is generated. Since there is no appropriate destination, the reject is abandoned around the mining industries, contributing to environment degradation. Nowadays, some of the most relevant things to an industry in general are: energy conservation, cost reduction, quality and productivity enhancement. The production of isolating, transformed refractory materials achieves the sustainability dimension when protection of the environment is incorporated to such process. This work investigates the use of emerald mining rejects in the ceramic body of refractory materials, aiming at obtaining a product whose characteristics are compatible with commercial products and, at the same time, allow the use of such rejects to solve the environmental issue caused by its disposal in nature. X-ray fluorescence analysis show that the emerald reject obtained after the flotation to extract molybdenum and mica has 70% of silica and alumina (SiO2+Al2O3) and 21% of a basic oxides and alkaline metals and earthy alkaline mixture (Na2O, K2O, CaO e MgO). Because of the significant amount of silica and alumina present in the reject, four refractory ceramic bodies were prepared. Samples with a rectangular shape and dimensions 100x50x10 mm were pressed in a steel mold at 27,5 MPa and sintered at 1200ºC for 40 min. under environment atmosphere in a resistive oven. The sintered samples were characterized in relation to the chemical composition (FRX), mineralogical composition (DRX), microstructure (MEV) and physical and mechanical properties. The results indicate that the mixture with 45% of reject, 45% of alumina and 10% of kaolin presents a refractory quality of 1420ºC, dimensional linear variation below 2.00%, apparent specific mass of 1,56 g/cm3 and porosity of 46,68%, which demonstrates the potential use of the reject as raw material for the industry of isolating transformed refractory materials

Percepção ambiental de crianças em ambientes naturais protegidos

This study aimed at exploring and describing children s perceptions in threatened natural settings, specifically, the Rain Forest in Brazil. Several studies point to the significance of perceptions for people s pro-environmental attitudes and actions. We try to understand the person-environment interaction from an ecological perspective, and we present theoretical references for the understanding of how crucial nature is for psychological development and well-being. The children s drawings, individual interviews, discussion groups, photographies and informal and indirect sources, as teachers, brought material for the analysis. Participated in our study, carried on through a multi-method strategy, 209 children from six to eleven years old, living in the neighborhood of the Biological Reserve of Una, State of Bahia, created to protect Rain Forest fragments. The Rain Forest landscape is well portrayed in children s drawings, the vegetal elements prevailing over artificial and human elements. The figured plants and trees, however, are pointed with no precision as to their species. Most of the defined species are eatable. The children seem to be aware of the environment degradation, and of the importance of its conservation, but they describe episodes of hunting and feeding wild threatened animals. Our results indicate a utilitarian trend in the perception of living beings, in terms of their immediate usefulness for people. The multimethod approach seems to be appropriate to the complexity of the theme; the methodological strategies were well accepted by the children, offering them opportunities to express themselves. We observed how children, in different life phases, organize natural elements and processes in their drawings, and how these images relate to the local landscape. We discuss the results in the light of theoretical references of personenvironment studies and from previous investigations about children s perceptions of natural environment

Alelopatia de Leucena sobre soja e plantas invasoras

With the advance of agriculture, there was consequent rising in environment degradation. Therefore, It is interesting the use of plants which have in their chemical composition substances capable of helping in the control of weeds to minimize the use of pesticides. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate solutions of leucena extract on weeds that are frequent on soybean crop. The treatments were leucena extracts at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% at room temperature water and water heated to 80 degrees C. The extracts were obtained by crushing 200g of leucena leaves and mixing them with one liter of distilled water with the help of a blender. Seeds were kept in B.O.D. at a temperature of 25 degrees C, with a photoperiod of 12 hours of light. Evaluations were done oil a daily basis, from the first to the last day of the experiment, varying according to the species. Results show a negative interference of the extracts, both hot and cold, in the root length of Ipomoea grandifolia, in the percentage of germination and in the root length of Arrowleaf sida and Hair beggarticks. There was no negative interference in the analyzed parameters for soybean seeds. Thus, the results indicate allelopatic potential of Leucaena leuucocephala as an alternative for the management of weeds without interfering on the development of the soybean crop.

Avaliação limnológica em um sistema de piscicultura na região de Paranaíta (MT, Brasil)

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Desenvolvimento sustentável: uma análise a partir do Relatório Brundtland

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

Formação em moda no caminho da sustentabilidade

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O Comitê de Bacia e a gestão das águas no médio Paranapanema: um estudo sob a perspectiva do desenvolvimento sustentável

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Usos e abusos do território: avaliação ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Paraíso - Charqueada - SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito de adubação orgânica e mineral e culturas de entressafra na cultura da soja (Glycine max (L) Merrill) no sistema plantio direto

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Planejamento agroambiental de uma microbacia hidrográfica utilizando um sistema de informações geográficas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)