Relações pedagógicas socialmente compartilhadas entre bolsista de iniciação à docência pibid pedagogia e professora colaboradora: elementos formadores da atuação docente nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Realigning capital portfolios : international students' educational experiences in higher education

This paper reports on first year experiences of international students who use English as an additional language (EAL) in higher education in Australia. It examines how valued resources can foster a positive educational experience of these students from sociological perspectives. It draws data from an interview study, exploring narrative accounts of 17 EAL international students from nine countries about their educational relations and strategies across their first year of study. Their narratives were analysed through Bourdieu's concepts of field, habitus, capital and legitimation, as well as tools of narrative inquiry. The paper finds that the students took up strategies to realign their capital portfolios with new rules of the game. Their decisions were dependent on their personal trajectories and conditions on offer. This paper suggests that more effort needs to be made to understand international students' differentiated access to valued resources in higher education.

Mediapolulla - Kasvatustieteellistä ja teknisen alan osaamista yhdistämässä : Opiskelijoiden yhteistyö ja oppiminen tieto- ja viestintätekniikkaprojektissa

The study concentrated on interdisciplinary teamwork of students in Helsinki University Department of Education and Helsinki University of Technology. Students worked in small interdisciplinary groups (n 12) to plan and teach in an information- and communication technology (ICT) club in elementary schools. The focus of the study was co-operation in the student groups and students learning experiences. Theoretical background of the study consists of theories of collaboration and socially shared cognition. Study was an qualitative case study and the data was collected with individual focus interviews and learning diaries. The data was categorised and the connections between categories were analysed with a table. Shared cognition appeared as a form of distribution of tasks and in the actual processes of shared expertise. The tasks were shared according to students expertise. Processes of shared expertise were joint knowledge building, integration of interests, awareness and exploitation of others expertise and allowing freedom for others to use their expertise. Additionally expression of ones own views and setting an example to others were one sided sharing of expertise. Students of technology were responsible of technical issues and the responsibility sphere of educational science students was more fragmented. For instance they concentrated in taking children s abilities into consideration. The sphere of shared cognition included also the need for tutoring and learning from others. Usually students did not directly learn from representative of other discipline, instead the learning for instance of social skills happened indirectly. Learning was fostered if learning was set as a goal and prevented if the differences in expertise were too minor. Sharing of cognition was prevented if co-operation was too problematic. Co-operation was usually successful. Good planning, good person chemistry and appreciation of expertise of others promoted success. Problems caused by different backgrounds were usually slight. Successful interaction was complementary and equal. Groups were usually able to circumvent problems in communication and use of justification in discussion promoted co-operation. When comparing the groups in the scope of the study, two were found to be notably opposed and the other groups located between these extreme cases, but the elements of success prevailed. Learning experiences concentrated on social skills, project management, school world and ICT. Essential was achieved field experience and observation of ones own capabilities. In organisation of student interdisciplinary co-operation is important to ensure sufficient differences in expertise and guide students to gain complementary interaction and appropriate setting of goals. Interdisciplinary field project prepared students to face the demands of

Discourse and ideologies

Discussing the relationship between ideology and language, this volume links structures of society, cognition and discourse. Ideologies, such as socially shared belief systems of groups, have to be inferred from more directly observable structures of cognition, interaction and the society. The notion of "opinion" and its complex relations to discourse and ideology are examined. Contributors to the debates in this volume include Michael Billig, Paul Chilton, David Graddol, Ulrike Meinhof and Kay Richardson.

Coming to belong : a narrative analysis of international students’ experiences in an Australian university

This thesis reports on an interview study with 17 international students about their experiences of coming to belong in an Australian university. All used English as an additional language (EAL). The students’ narratives of ‘coming to belong’ are conceptualised through the theory of Bourdieu, in particular the concepts of field, capital, habitus and legitimation; and the methodological premises of critical realism’s layered ontology. The literature review argues that access to and accrual of a range of capital is critical to successful adaptation to a new educational system. This, and processes of legitimation by others in the fields, affects the senses of belonging for students of various linguistic backgrounds, of different countries of origin, studying from primary to higher education in diverse parts of the world. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and email dialogues at three points during the students’ first year of study in Australia. The analysis shows how the students’ empirical experiences were ordered in terms of narrative structure—orientation, complication, evaluation, resolution and coda—and highlight the emotions generated by the sequence of events. The findings show that EAL international students sought new field positions through legitimation in multiple senses across (sub-)fields. They also show that academic, social and linguistic legitimacy granted by others produced a spectrum of belonging: in the centre, at the margin, and/or to meaningful intercultural encounters. This study makes a contribution to the growing literature around the experience of international students in higher education, and to empirical literature using Bourdieu to understand educational relations.

Becoming a teacher: emerging teacher identity in mathematics teacher education

This research examines three aspects of becoming a teacher, teacher identity formation in mathematics teacher education: the cognitive and affective aspect, the image of an ideal teacher directing the developmental process, and as an on-going process. The formation of emerging teacher identity was approached in a social psychological framework, in which individual development takes place in social interaction with the context through various experiences. Formation of teacher identity is seen as a dynamic, on-going developmental process, in which an individual intentionally aspires after the ideal image of being a teacher by developing his/her own competence as a teacher. The starting-point was that it is possible to examine formation of teacher identity through conceptualisation of observations that the individual and others have about teacher identity in different situations. The research uses the qualitative case study approach to formation of emerging teacher identity, the individual developmental process and the socially constructed image of an ideal mathematics teacher. Two student cases, John and Mary, and the collective case of teacher educators representing socially shared views of becoming and being a mathematics teacher are presented. The development of each student was examined based on three semi-structured interviews supplemented with written products. The data-gathering took place during the 2005 2006 academic year. The collective case about the ideal image provided during the programme was composed of separate case displays of each teacher educator, which were mainly based on semi-structured interviews in spring term 2006. The intentions and aims set for students were of special interest in the interviews with teacher educators. The interview data was analysed following the modified idea of analytic induction. The formation of teacher identity is elaborated through three themes emerging from theoretical considerations and the cases. First, the profile of one s present state as a teacher may be scrutinised through separate affective and cognitive aspects associated with the teaching profession. The differences between individuals arise through dif-ferent emphasis on these aspects. Similarly, the socially constructed image of an ideal teacher may be profiled through a combination of aspects associated with the teaching profession. Second, the ideal image directing the individual developmental process is the level at which individual and social processes meet. Third, formation of teacher identity is about becoming a teacher both in the eyes of the individual self as well as of others in the context. It is a challenge in academic mathematics teacher education to support the various cognitive and affective aspects associated with being a teacher in a way that being a professional and further development could have a coherent starting-point that an individual can internalise.

O problema do ethos científico no novo modo de produção da ciência contemporânea

Nosso trabalho tem como objetivo central mostrar que as mudanças ocorridas no modo de produção da ciência contemporânea possuem implicações, tanto para os aspectos sociológicos da ciência quanto para os seus princípios filosóficos, que ainda apontam para uma necessidade de uma análise da relação entre ciência e sociedade. Baseamos nossa tese no trabalho desenvolvido pelo físico e epistemólogo da ciência John Michael Ziman F. R. S. (1925-2005), que defende que as mudanças ocorridas nos últimos 60 anos, relacionadas a uma nova forma de organizar, gerir e financiar a prática científica, i.e., a uma nova forma de prática científica, levaram ao surgimento de uma ciência pós-acadêmica ou pós-industrial. Sua consequência mais grave é a incorporação de um novo ethos científico, que tem como base princípios gerenciais, em detrimento do ethos mertoniano, cujo objetivo principal seria a manutenção de princípios que foram histórica e socialmente defendidos pelos cientistas em um ideal de ciência acadêmica, tais como os de objetividade, busca da verdade e autonomia, ainda que como ideais reguladores. Contudo, mostraremos que Ziman não adere à interpretação tradicional do ethos mertoniano, que o associa a uma epistemologia fundacionista. Além disso, ele reformula, seguindo as novas filosofia e sociologia da ciência, os ideais epistêmicos preconizados pelas tendências positivistas e neopositivistas, em especial a noção da objetividade. Para Ziman, a ciência ainda produz conhecimento confiável, pois possui um mecanismo cooperativo de produção, que tem como base a crítica entre os pares.

O perfil dos diretores e da gestão de escolas públicas urbanas das capitais brasileiras: um estudo a partir do SAEB 2003

O presente trabalho apresentou a evolução do conceito de administração escolar até chegar a gestão, os principais modelos de gestão escolar encontrados na literatura educacional, que podemos assim dizer: gestão participativa, compartilhada e democrática. Buscou compreender o perfil dos diretores e da gestão de escolas públicas e urbanas do Brasil e de que maneira o perfil do diretor e os modelos de gestão apresentados na literatura educacional se relacionam com as características socioeconômicas médias dos alunos das escolas. O estudo fez uso dos dados do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Básica SAEB 2003, referentes às séries iniciais do ensino fundamental. A análise baseou-se em estatísticas descritivas uni e bivariadas e os resultados foram analisados à luz da literatura específica. Os dados adquiridos a partir da análise das variáveis do SAEB 2003 foram confrontados com as informações teóricas pesquisadas sobre o tema. Esta pesquisa teve por principal base teórica as idéias de Anísio Teixeira, José Quirino Ribeiro e Vitor Henrique Paro, Lauro C. Wittman, Heloísa Lück, Jaap Scheerens, a respeito da administração escolar até sua evolução a gestão escolar; Pam Sammons juntamente com Fátima C. Alves, Creso Franco, Alícia Bonamino, Francisco C.Gomes e os documentos oficiais que tratam do SAEB contribuíram no estudo para a construção do perfil do diretor brasileiro e de sua gestão juntamente com as variáveis selecionadas do SAEB 2003 e no entendimento do conceito de escolas eficazes. A pesquisa revelou que o desempenho de uma gestão de qualidade pressupõe a conquista de características no sistema educacional que envolve a participação, a autonomia e a descentralização.

Circulação de ideias em pesquisas com os cotidianos: os necessários contatos entre os praticantespensantes de currículos

O trabalho que desenvolvemos busca alargar os espaçostempos para narrativase análises de textos, a partir de imagens e textos produzidos com vista à circulação científica produzidos para congressos pela área de currículo e, mais especificamente, pela corrente denominada de pesquisas nos/dos/com os cotidianos. Entendemos que são nesses múltiplos e complexos encontros, nos quais são desenvolvidas formas diversas de conversas, entre pesquisadores e outros praticantespensantes dos cotidianos das redes educativas, que são reproduzidos, transmitidos e criados artefatos materiais (artigos) e imateriais (crenças pedagógicas, pensamentos pedagógicos e curriculares) e relações culturais e educativas, propiciando o encontro de múltiplos mundos culturais, fazendo circular ideias produzidas dentrofora das escolas, bem como dentrofora dos espaçostempos acadêmicos. Incorporando essas ideias, nesta pesquisa, entendemos que pelas necessidades de colocar em diálogo o que vai sendo descoberto em ciência no campo da educação se faz indispensável formas de contato ágeis entre a Universidade e aqueles que se encontram nas diversas redes cotidianas e, em especial, os praticantespensantes docentes nas múltiplas redes educativas em que atuam, já que sem isso não conseguiremos entender quais são os conhecimentos e as significações criados, cotidianamente, pelos mesmos nos contatos com as ideias criadas pelas pesquisas acadêmicas. Mais que isto, estas só podem se considerar completadas quando contarem com as respostas e ideias que são criadas nesses espaçostempos de contato. Com essa atitude que venho desenvolvendo desde o mestrado - continuo no doutorado, investigando o uso da troca científica como potência para pensar e praticar a circulação de conhecimentos e significações, compreendendo a descentralização necessária, na área da Educação, dos pólos de produção e emissão, e considerando a conversação científica, da qual todos podem/devem participar, como parte integrante e fundamental da produção de ciência, nesta área. Tudo isto vem permitindo transformações que se articulam com nossas múltiplas e diversificadas possibilidades de expressão, sensação, entendimento, pelas tantas redes que todos e todas formamos e nas quais aprendemosensinamos. Nesta tese, continuando o trabalho iniciado no mestrado, quando buscamos percorrer na internet os caminhos feitos por artigos de duas conhecidas pesquisadoras da primeira geração de pesquisadores com os cotidianos, em textos produzidos para o ENDIPE de 2010, no doutorado, buscamos acompanhar o trabalho de dois pesquisadores na segunda geração desta mesma corrente de pesquisa, nesta mesma rede, com textos produzidos para reuniões anuais da ANPEd, no Trabalho Encomendado do GT-12/Currículo. Traçamos algumas aproximamos quanto às possibilidades de trocas neste material produzido por dois encontros científicos com características bem diversas

EU Cross-Border Cooperation and Conflict Transformation in the Basque and Irish Border Regions

Comparative research on violent conflict in the Basque Country and Ireland has yielded a sizable body of published academic work. Less well explored is the relationship between conflict transformation and cross-border cooperation in that specific comparative context. This paper provides a comparative examination of Third (not for profit) sector cross-border cooperation as conflict transformation in the Basque (France/Spain) and Irish (UK/Ireland) border regions. To what extent does cross-border cooperation contribute to peacebuilding in the two last violent ethnonationalist conflicts in Western Europe? The comparison is based on the premise that the EU played a different role in both cases. In the Irish case, the EU contributed to the institutionalization of a peace process that included cross-border cooperation between third sector organizations among the policy instruments contributing to conflict transformation. In the Basque case, the unilateral renunciation of violence by ETA (Euskadi eta Askatasuna) in 2010 did not generate the consistent involvement of the EU in a comparable institutional peace process. However, some third sector organizations used EU instruments for cross-border economic, social and cultural cooperation between France and Spain in order to reinforce their cross-border networks, which indirectly impacted on conflict transformation. The effectiveness of this cross-border cooperation for conflict transformation is assessed comparatively. To what extent does this increase in cross-border cooperation “from below” connect to wider institutional and social processes of conflict transformation in Ireland and the Basque Country? Crucially, does the strengthening of cross-border relations on shared issues mollify or sharpen existing identity cleavages? Also considered is the sustainability of such cooperation in these regions in light of the less favourable post-2004 EU funding environment, and the post-2008 economic and political turmoil affecting the relevant EU member states, especially Ireland and Spain.

Culture du corps et technosciences : vers une « mise à niveau » technique de l’humain? Analyse des représentations du corps soutenues par le mouvement transhumaniste

L’intérêt marqué porté actuellement aux recherches NBIC (nano-bio-info-cognitivo technologies) visant l’optimisation des capacités humaines augure d’un profond bouleversement dans nos représentations du corps humain et du rapport humain-machine. Tour à tour, des travaux issus des domaines du génie génétique, de la pharmacologie, des biotechnologies ou des nanotechnologies nous promettent un corps moins sujet à la maladie, mieux « adapté » et surtout plus malléable. Cette construction en laboratoire d’un corps amélioré fait amplement écho aux préoccupations contemporaines concernant la santé parfaite, le processus de vieillissement, l’inaptitude, l’apparence, la performance, etc. En vue d’analyser les transformations qu’induisent ces recherches sur les représentations du corps, nous avons construit un modèle théorique appuyé, d’une part, sur des travaux en sociologie du corps et, d’autre part, sur des travaux en épistémologie des sciences. Puis, en scrutant différents textes de vulgarisation scientifique produits par des chercheurs transhumanistes – militant ouvertement en faveur d’une optimisation radicale des capacités humaines par le biais des technosciences –, il a été observé que les représentations du corps s’organisent autour de trois principaux noyaux. Le corps humain est présenté, dans ce discours, comme étant à la fois informationnel, technologiquement perfectible et obsolète. Cette représentation tripartite du corps permet aux transhumanistes d’ériger leur modèle d’action (i.e. amélioration des capacités physiques, intellectuelles, sensitives, émotionnelles, etc.) à titre de nécessité anthropologique. À leurs yeux, l’amélioration des conditions humaines doit passer par une mutation contrôlée de la biologie (i.e. une hybridation avec la machine) du fait que le corps serait « inadapté » au monde contemporain. Ainsi, les promesses NBIC, une fois récupérées par les chercheurs transhumanistes, se voient exacerbées et prennent une tonalité péremptoire. Ceci contribue vivement à la promotion du posthumain ou du cyborg, soit d’un individu transformé dans l’optique d’être plus robuste et intelligent, de moduler sa sensitivité et ses états émotifs et de vivre plus longtemps, voire indéfiniment. Enfin, situé à mi-chemin entre la science et la science-fiction, ce projet est qualifié de techno-prophétie en ce qu’il produit d’innombrables prévisions basées sur les avancées technoscientifiques actuelles et potentielles. Afin d’accroître l’acceptabilité sociale de leur modèle d’action, les transhumanistes ne font pas uniquement appel à la (potentielle) faisabilité technique; ils s’appuient également sur des valeurs socialement partagées, telles que l’autodétermination, la perfectibilité humaine, l’égalité, la liberté ou la dignité. Néanmoins, la lecture qu’ils en font est parfois surprenante et rompt très souvent avec les conceptions issues de la modernité. À leur avis, le perfectionnement humain doit s’opérer par le biais des technosciences (non des institutions sociales), sur le corps même des individus (non sur l’environnement) et en vertu de leur « droit » à l’autodétermination compris comme un droit individuel d’optimiser ses capacités. De même, les technosciences doivent, disent-ils, être démocratisées afin d’en garantir l’accessibilité, de réduire les inégalités biologiques et de permettre à chacun de renforcer son sentiment d’identité et d’accomplissement. L’analyse du discours transhumaniste nous a donc permis d’observer leurs représentations du corps de même que la résonance culturelle du projet qu’ils proposent.

Lamento e dor: uma análise sócio-antropológica do deslocamento compulsório provocado pela construção de barragens

A idéia central desenvolvida neste trabalho é que os estudos realizados sobre o deslocamento compulsório provocado pela construção de barragens, embora mencionem a dimensão do sofrimento social, não a submetem à análise. E, portanto, contornam ou deslocam o sentido subjetivo expresso no lamento e na dor, que é constitutivo deste processo social. Partindo do princípio de que os fatos analisados são socialmente compartilhados e construídos, portanto, portam sentidos mais ou menos duradouros ou mais ou menos perceptíveis - de todo modo, publicizados - que, por vezes, entre si interagem sob a forma de conflito, busco realizar uma análise do modo pelo qual esses sentidos se conformam em três situações sociais distintas e interligadas. Na primeira, a arena pública, examino a controvérsia sobre as principais categorias de classificação do processo de deslocamento compulsório, seus contextos e principais atores, tentando evidenciar os fundamentos de construção das retóricas, na disputa para fazer prevalecer uma determinada avaliação política e social deste processo. Nessa análise, destaco o conteúdo que se estabiliza e a intervenção de um ator o Banco Mundial e o seu papel na conformação de uma expertise sobre o tema. Na segunda situação social, o universo acadêmico, busco evidenciar o atual estágio dos estudos sobre o deslocamento compulsório, situando os principais eixos teóricos, de modo a salientar a relação entre campo disciplinar e interpretação, sobretudo, a hegemonia de temas disciplinares, nos quais não se inclui a análise do sofrimento. Por outro lado, ressalvo que, graças ao rigor desses estudos (muitos de cunho etnográfico), pode-se encontrar a referência ao sofrimento social vivido pelos grupos submetidos ao processo de deslocamento compulsório, permitindo-me fundamentar a hipótese advinda de minha própria investigação. Na terceira, analiso o processo de deslocamento compulsório, a partir de pesquisa realizada em Tucuruí (Pará Amazônia Brasil), evidenciando os sentidos do sofrimento social evocados por atores que o vivenciaram, destacando: a) a ausência de parâmetros para avaliar as conseqüências do processo vivido, tanto porque é uma situação inusitada quanto porque o próprio empreendimento desencadeia outras transformações locais e regionais que não são dadas a priori; b) a incessante busca de reposição de uma situação perdida ou almejada, que pode ser vista nos fóruns públicos (assembléias, reuniões, encontros), aqui considerados como fóruns de lamento, porque são, concomitantemente, lugar da reivindicação pública e espaços de encontro com a própria história e, por conseqüência, espaços de recordação e enunciação das perdas; c) o caráter de irreversibilidade, que reveste a construção social do sofrimento. Por fim, tento mostrar os constrangimentos, sobretudo econômicos, que se verificam na passagem da dimensão do sofrimento para a arena pública.

Quixadá e a implantação do IFCE: contribuições socioeconômicas, culturais e educacionais na perspectiva da comunidade

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Prejuízos educacionais: a semiformação intensificada

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mídias de informação e comunicação e Ciência da Informação

Media, as contemporary information and communication phenomena, are rarely studied in the field of Information Science field (IS). This article aims to present a reflection on the Media role as information environments that provoke changes in the ecosystem of message creation, information and socially shared knowledge. It points out that the contextualization of informational situations in the media environments facilitates access to information and to knowledge creation, strategically aimed to more efficient mediation possibilities - purpose to be reached by the society and by an entrepreneurial Information Science. IS counts on proper strategies and methodologies for the creation of transversal meta fields of new knowledge for the solution of problems caused by the intersections and social frictions among science, technologies and knowledge, which means an effective contribution of IS to the enhance utilization of media potential.