Biological activity of metal-edds (ethylenediaminedisuccinate) complexes in K562 and PBMC cells

The effect of S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (edds) on the quenching of metal-catalyzed (metal = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) oxidation of ascorbic acid was tested in vitro via oxidation of the fluorescent probe 1,2,3-dihydrorhodamine dihydrochloride. The pro-oxidant activity of iron was not fully suppressed, even at a four-fold molar excess of the ligand. The effect of serum on the toxicity to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and K562 cells was investigated. The cytotoxic effect of Fe-edds was abrogated in the presence of Trolox or serum proteins. The probable pathways of cell toxicity were investigated through blocking of the monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) in association with cell cycle studies by flow cytometry. Cells treated with metal complexes and alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, a known MCT inhibitor, showed recovery of viability, suggesting that MCT proteins may be involved in the internalization of metal-edds complexes. The free acid induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 (PBMC) and S (K562) phases, suggesting direct DNA damage or interference in DNA replication.

Comparison of EDTA and EDDS as potential soil amendments for enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals

Phytoextraction has been proposed as an alternative remediation technology for soils polluted with heavy metals or radionuclides, but is generally conceived as too slow working. Enhancing the accumulation of trace pollutants in harvestable plant tissues is a prerequisite for the technology to be practically applicable. The chelating aminopolycarboxylic acid, ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA), has been found to enhance shoot accumulation of heavy metals. However, the use of EDTA in phytoextraction may not be suitable due to its high environmental persistence, which may lead to groundwater contamination. This paper aims to assess whether ethylene diamine disuccinate (EDDS), a biodegradable chelator, can be used for enhanced phytoextraction purposes. A laboratory experiment was conducted to examine mobilisation of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn into the soil solution upon application of EDTA or EDDS. The longevity of the induced mobilisation was monitored for a period of 40 days after application. Estimated effect half lives ranged between 3.8 and 7.5 days for EDDS, depending on the applied dose. The minimum observed effect half life of EDTA was 36 days, while for the highest applied dose no decrease was observed throughout the 40 day period of the mobilisation experiment. Performance of EDTA and EDDS for phytoextraction was evaluated by application to Helianthus annuus. Two other potential chelators, known for their biodegradability in comparison to EDTA, were tested in the plant experiment: nitrilo acetic acid (NTA) and citric acid. Uptake of heavy metals was higher in EDDS-treated pots than in EDTA-treated pots. The effects were still considered insufficiently high to consider efficient remediation. This may be partly due to the choice of timing for application of the soil amendment. Fixing the time of application at an earlier point before harvest may yield better results. NTA and citric acid induced no significant effects on heavy metal uptake. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Biohajoavat kompleksinmuodostajat mekaanisen massan peroksidivalkaisussa

Mekaanisen massan peroksidivalkaisussa on perinteisesti käytetty kahta kompleksinmuodostajaa, jotka ovat dietyleenitriamiinipentaetikkahappo (DTPA) ja etyleenidiamiinipentaetikkahappo (EDTA). Kompleksinmuodostajat saavat aikaan hyvän kelatointituloksen muodostamalla valkaisulle haitallisten metalli-ionien kanssa kompleksin ja estäen näin metalli-ionien valkaisutulosta huonontavan vaikutuksen. Perinteiset kompleksinmuodostajat DTPA ja EDTA eivät kuitenkaan ole biohajoavia ja niiden epäillään irrottavan metalleja vesistöjen sedimenteistä. Työssä selvitettiin kolmen eri biohajoavan kompleksinmuodostajan valkaisuteho verrattuna perinteisiin kompleksinmuodostajiin. Laboratoriossa suoritetut pesukokeet osoittivat, että mikään biohajoava kompleksinmuodostaja ei saavuttanut samaa pesutehoa kuin perinteiset kompleksinmuodostajat. Valkaisukokeet kuitenkin osoittivat, että biohajoava kompleksinmuodostaja ISA pääsi hyvin lähelle perinteisten kompleksinmuodostajien valkaisutuloksia suoritettaessa valkaisu siten, että massa esipestään kompleksinmuodostajalla ja sen jälkeen valkaistaan vakiokemikaaliannoksella alkalina ollessa natriumhydroksidi. Kaksi muuta biohajoavaa kompleksinmuodostajaa, ISA+EDDS ja HAS, eivät saavuttaneet samaa tasoa. HAS toimi kyllä stabilaattorina, muttei pystynyt nostamaan massan vaaleutta.

Potential of Brassic rapa, Cannabis sativa, Helianthus annuus and Zea mays for phytoextraction of heavy metals from calcareous dredged sediment derived soils

Remediation of soil pollution is one of the many current environmental challenges. Anthropogenic activity has resulted in the contamination of extended areas of land, the remediation of which is both invasive and expensive by conventional means. Phytoextraction of heavy metals from contaminated soils has the prospect of being a more economic in situ alternative. In addition, phytoextraction targets ecotoxicologically the most relevant soil fraction of these metals, i.e. the bioavailable fraction. Greenhouse experiments were carried out to evaluate the potential of four high biomass crop species in their potential for phytoextraction of heavy metals, with or without with the use of soil amendments (EDTA or EDDS). A calcareous dredged sediment derived surface soil, with high organic matter and clay content and moderate levels of heavy metal pollution, was used in the experiments. No growth depression was observed in EDTA or EDDS treated pots in comparison to untreated controls. Metal accumulation was considered to be low for phytoextraction purposes, despite the use of chelating agents. The low observed shoot concentrations of heavy metals were attributed to the low phytoavailability of heavy metals in this particular soil substrate. The mobilising effects induced by EDTA in the soil were found to be too long-lived for application as a soil amendment in phytoextraction. Although EDDS was found to be more biodegradable, higher effect half lives were observed than reported in literature or observed in previous experiments. These findings caution against the use of any amendment, biodegradable or otherwise, without proper investigation of its effects and the longevity thereof. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Antimicrobial Activity of Ethylenediaminedisuccinate Metal Complexes

It is shown that metal complexes of the biodegradable ligand ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (edds) present antimicrobial activity towards fungi and bacteria. [Cd(edds)], in particular, is more toxic than free Cd2+ to Aspergillus niger, behaving as a `Trojan Horse` in the facilitated delivery of the toxic metal into the fungus.

Shaking table tests of a RC frame structure equipped with hysteretic dampers

This paper provides partial results of an on-going research aimed at investigating the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) frames equipped with hysteretic-type energy dissipating devices (EDD). From a prototype RC frame structure designed only for gravity loads, a test model scaled in geometry to 2/5 was defined and built in the Laboratory of Structures of the University of Granada. Four EDDs were installed in the test model to provide the same seismic resistance than a conventional RC bare frame designed for sustain gravity and seismic loads following current codes. The test model with EDDs was subjected to several seismic simulations with the shaking table of Laboratory of structures of the University of Granada. The test results provide empirical evidences on the efficiency of the EDDs to prevent damage on the main frame and concentrating the inelastic deformations on the EDDs.

Erectile Dysfunction Drug Use, Risk Behavior, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Estudio del efecto del procesamiento termo mecánico sobre los parámetros de formabilidad en aceros IF para aplicaciones automotrices

En el presente trabajo de investigación se analizó un acero libre de elementos intersticiales estabilizado con Titanio o mejor conocido como acero IF (por sus siglas en inglés Interstitial Free), denominado por la empresa EDDS (Extra Deep Drawing Steel) el cual se utiliza en partes exteriores de los vehículos en donde se requiere que la lámina a estampar cumpla con propiedades muy altas de ductilidad y baja resistencia. Se obtuvo acero IF en sus distintas etapas de procesamiento termo mecánico comenzando por material laminado en caliente, material laminado en frio y por ultimo material recocido y galvanizado en planta, esto con el objetivo de caracterizar y evaluar las propiedades mecánicas de cada etapa. De la etapa final del acero (recocido y galvanizado de planta) se obtuvieron los parámetros de formabilidad (n y R) mediante una prueba de tensión para poder establecer las condiciones a superar con las experimentaciones. El objetivo principal en el laboratorio fue el mejorar, mediante diferentes variables de recocido (tiempo y temperatura) en los tratamientos térmicos, los parámetros n= 0.23 y R=1.56 producidos en planta, y lograr obtener mediante nuevos tratamientos térmicos valores de R> 1.56 al igual que valores de n>0.23. Para simular las temperaturas con tiempos cortos de recocido se implementó un calentamiento por inducción en la bobina del laboratorio. Se pudieron realizar solo 2 pruebas debido al material disponible para este experimento. Ambos experimentos resultaron en una notable mejoría del valor de Lankford R (utilizado como un indicador en la formabilidad de hojas de acero), así como del exponente de endurecimiento por deformación (n), y se logró mantener un poco por encima sus propiedades de esfuerzo de cedencia, esfuerzo último y por ciento de elongación a las obtenidas por el proceso de recocido realizado en planta.