The Diary of Mary McKeon, an Irish American Domestic Servant in Nineteenth Century America

What did young, single, unaccompanied Irish women experience when immigrating to the United States in the late nineteenth century? In this final project, I will explore primary and secondary sources that address their experiences, focusing on a diary written in 1883 by a young Irish domestic servant working in New Haven, Connecticut. Mary McKeon, a sixteen-year-old girl from County Leitrim, Ireland, recorded her experiences as a domestic servant for two different families, as well as her own personal thoughts. Mary wrote down her personal experiences, providing a glimpse of what her life was like both inside and outside of her employer’s home. Though much of my research will show that many young women like Mary would be subjected to prejudice and discrimination due to their lack of understanding middle-class American values, which would give rise to the “Bridget” stereotype of a brutish, ill-mannered and incompetent domestic servant, not all Irish women experienced that discrimination and prejudice. Mary is one example of a domestic servant that was treated kindly by her employers and her story documents a more positive and supportive environment for this newly arrived young, single immigrant. Her diary also reveals her to be a young woman who worked to improve her language skills and her situation. And, through her diary, we get a glimpse of her strategies for ensuring an active social life, including access to courtship and marriage. By analyzing Mary’s diary and sharing my results in this final project, I hope to provide a more comprehensive view into the lives of these young women.

Migrant domestic workers, vulnerability and the law: immigration and employment laws in Cyprus and Spain

The intersection of gender, welfare and immigration regimes has been one of the main focus of a rich scholarship on paid domestic work in Europe. This article brings into the discussion the nexus of employment and immigration law regimes to reflect on the role of legal regulation in structuring and reducing the vulnerability of domestic workers. I analyse this nexus by looking at the cases of Cyprus and Spain, two states falling under the cluster of Southern Mediterranean welfare regimes, that share certain characteristics in terms of immigration regimes, but have substantially different employment law regulation models. The first part sketches the debate on the employment law regulation of domestic work. The second part starts by giving an overview of the immigration regimes of Cyprus and Spain in relation to migrant domestic workers and then proceeds to analyse the two countries’ models and substance of employment law regulation in domestic work. The comparison of these two divergent approaches informs the debate on how the legal regulation of domestic work should be best structured. In Spain there have been recent dynamic legislative changes in the employment law regulation of domestic work. The final part of the article traces these changes and reflects on why such processes have not taken place in Cyprus.

Selma's saga [1916-1948]

The memoirs were written in 1982 in Sydney, Australia and include excerpts of letters from various relatives during the years 1938-1941. Early childhood recollections of World War One. The family was living in the 6th district of Vienna. Description of domestic life with maids, laundresses and a French governess. Death of her mother in 1918. Trip with her stepmother Ida Plohn to Prague. Recollections of a stay in the countryside at their maid's family, where Selma and her older sister Martha awaited the birth of their younger sister Trude. Memories of Christmas celebrations. Summer vacations in the mountains. Description of the extended family. Inflation and economic depression in the 1920s. Strict upbringing by her stepmother. Children recreation trip to Grado, Italy in 1925. Selma was accepted at the "Bundeserziehungsanstalt" for gifted students. Only few fellow Jewish students. Religious education with beloved rabbi Diamant. Recovery from tonsilitis in a senatorium in Aflenz, Austria. Celebration of Jewish holidays and visits at the Synagogue on Yom Kippur. Transfer to Realschule. Due to a sudden onset of various illnesses Selma was unable to continue school and had put an end to her father's dream of an university education for her. Difficult to find a position in the depression times of the early 1930s. Only few working options for a Jewish woman. Position as a secretary in a Jewish firm. Outings in the Vienna Woods. Membership in the Zionist group Betar.

La domesticité juvénile en Haïti : une vision à travers la lentille du pluralisme juridique

L’étude que nous avons entreprise dans le cadre de notre mémoire porte sur la domesticité juvénile en Haïti. S’agissant d’une pratique où l’enfant placé en domesticité, en plus d’accomplir des travaux ménagers qui nuisent à son éducation, est généralement victime de mauvais traitements, l’objectif principal de notre recherche était de mettre en lumière les normes existant en matière d’éducation et de traitement physique des jeunes travailleurs domestiques. Inspirée du pluralisme juridique, qui s’intéresse aux divers niveaux de normes existant au sein d’une société, la démarche entreprise pour y parvenir allie recherche théorique et recherche sur le terrain. Dans un premier temps, nous présenterons les informations que notre recherche théorique nous a révélées. Après avoir précisé la notion d’« enfant domestique haïtien », dressé le profil social des acteurs impliqués dans la pratique de la domesticité et identifié les facteurs contingents les plus déterminants, nous dresserons un tableau des principales normes nationales et internationales garantissant aux enfants le droit à l’instruction scolaire et le respect de leur intégrité physique. Dans un second temps, nous exposerons les normes de conduite locales relatives à l’éducation et au traitement physique des jeunes travailleurs domestiques que notre recherche empirique en Haïti nous a permis de découvrir. Sur la base des normes applicables déterminées, nous serons mieux à même de mesurer l’importance de chacune dans la conduite des familles qui reçoivent des enfants domestiques sous leur toit et d’identifier les actions les plus susceptibles d’améliorer la qualité de vie de ceux-ci.

Mobilidade e consequências de longo prazo do serviço doméstico no Brasil

O trabalho doméstico é a ocupação da maioria das trabalhadoras brasileiras. São cerca de 6 milhões de mulheres empregadas nesta ocupação. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a mobilidade ocupacional e as conseqüências em termos de rendimento destas trabalhadoras. O objetivo do trabalho é examinar até que ponto o fato de tido o primeiro emprego como empregada doméstica afeta as trabalhadoras na escolha futura de suas ocupações. Estima-se o efeito do primeiro emprego como trabalhadora doméstica sobre a probabilidade de ter a ocupação de doméstica atualmente. O método escolhido foi o de variáveis instrumentais de modo a controlar o viés de endogeneidade entre a escolha da primeira ocupação e a ocupação atual. Os instrumentos escolhidos foram: número de escolas por criança em idade escolar, número de professores por escola e PIB per capita. Supõe-se que estes instrumentos sejam proxies para os custos diretos da educação e para o custo de oportunidade das mulheres. Os resultados mostram que o fato de ter tido como primeiro emprego o trabalho doméstico aumenta a probabilidade das trabalhadoras permanecerem nesta mesma ocupação em comparação com quem não começou como doméstica. Quando o resultado é comparado com a estimação pelo Método de Mínimos Quadrados, ou seja, sem controlar por um possível viés de endogeneidade, o resultado é três vezes maior. Estes resultados sugerem uma imobilidade ocupacional onde a escolha de inserção como empregada doméstica pode levar a uma armadilha de ocupação. Para tentar identificar possíveis efeitos que a primeira ocupação de doméstica pode ter sobre os rendimentos das trabalhadoras na sua ocupação atual a estimação pelo método de mínimos quadrados mostrou que o primeiro emprego como doméstica teria como efeito diminuir em 13% os rendimentos das trabalhadoras em comparação com quem não começou como doméstica. Já a estimação pelo método de variáveis instrumentais não mostrou um efeito estatisticamente significante. Além disso, também não foram encontrados resultados estatisticamente significantes quando a amostra foi restringida apenas para trabalhadoras que não tinham a ocupação atual de doméstica. Estes resultados sugerem que apesar da imobilidade ocupacional observada, não haveria diferenças em relação do rendimento atual das trabalhadoras.

Do lar para o trabalho: um estudo sobre as representações sociais de mulheres que ficaram afastadas do mercado formal de trabalho por 10 anos

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Máquinas desejantes e presente histórico: as crônicas de Clarice Lispector

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Reminiscences of Scottish life and character /

Includes index.

The servant's guide and family manual : with new and improved receipts, arranged and adapted to the duties of all classes of servants ... forming a complete system of domestic management.

Includes appendixes and index.

Domestic labour relations in India : Vulnerability and gendered life courses in Jaipur

This study explores labour relations between domestic workers and employers in India. It is based on interviews with both employers and workers, and ethnographically oriented field work in Jaipur, carried out in 2004-2007. Combining development studies with gender studies, labour studies, and childhood studies, it asks how labour relations between domestic workers and employers are formed in Jaipur, and how female domestic workers trajectories are created. Focusing on female part-time maids and live-in work arrangements, the study analyses children s work in the context of overall work force, not in isolation from it. Drawing on feminist Marxism, domestic labour relations are seen as an arena of struggle. The study takes an empirical approach, showing class through empiria and shows how paid domestic work is structured and stratified through intersecting hierarchies of class, caste, gender, age, ethnicity and religion. The importance of class in domestic labour relations is reiterated, but that of caste, so often downplayed by employers, is also emphasized. Domestic workers are crucial to the functioning of middle and upper middle class households, but their function is not just utilitarian. Through them working women and housewives are able to maintain purity and reproduce class disctinctions, both between poor and middle classes and lower and upper middle classes. Despite commodification of work relations, traditional elements of service relationships have been retained, particularly through maternalist practices such as gift giving, creating a peculiar blend of traditional and market practices. Whilst employers of part-time workers purchase services in a segmented market from a range of workers for specific, traditional live-in workers are also hired to serve employers round the clock. Employers and workers grudgingly acknowledged their dependence on one another, employers seeking various strategies to manage fear of servant crime, such as the hiring of children or not employing live-in workers in dual-earning households. Paid domestic work carries a heavy stigma and provide no entry to other jobs. It is transmitted from mothers to daughters and working girls were often the main income providers in their families. The diversity of working conditions is analysed through a continuum of vulnerability, generic live-in workers, particularly children and unmarried young women with no close family in Jaipur, being the most vulnerable and experienced part-time workers the least vulnerable. Whilst terms of employment are negotiated informally and individually, some informal standards regarding salary and days off existed for maids. However, employers maintain that workings conditions are a matter of individual, moral choice. Their reluctance to view their role as that of employers and the workers as their employees is one of the main stumbling blocks in the way of improved working conditions. Key words: paid domestic work, India, children s work, class, caste, gender, life course

Feminist Disability Theory: Domestic Violence Against Women with a Disability

Women with a disability continue to experience social oppression and domestic violence as a consequence of gender and disability dimensions. Current explanations of domestic violence and disability inadequately explain several features that lead women who have a disability to experience violent situations. This article incorporates both disability and material feminist theory as an alternative explanation to the dominant approaches (psychological and sociological traditions) of conceptualising domestic violence. This paper is informed by a study which was concerned with examining the nature and perceptions of violence against women with a physical impairment. The emerging analytical framework integrating material feminist interpretations and disability theory provided a basis for exploring gender and disability dimensions. Insight was also provided by the women who identified as having a disability in the study and who explained domestic violence in terms of a gendered and disabling experience. The article argues that material feminist interpretations and disability theory, with their emphasis on gender relations, disablism and poverty, should be used as an alternative tool for exploring the nature and consequences of violence against women with a disability.

Domestic and export marketing of Auracaria timber

This article examines the need for a marketing approach to support the expansion of trade in Australian forest Products. Opportunities available for trade in hoop pine ( Araucaria cunninghamii), a Queensland species of timber, are examined. Markets within China and Japan are found to have substantial potential end product uses for the plantation timber.

Domestic violence in the urban fringe

Police call data for domestic violence incidents in the city of Brisbane were used to further explore the locational disadvantage thesis. it was hypothesised that the supposed additional burdens and stresses on disadvantaged families living in the outer suburbs may be reflected in significantly higher rates of reported domestic violence. Using an index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage and employing Analysis of variance (ANOVA) this research shows that significantly higher rates of reported domestic violence occur in the inner suburbs relative to the middle or outer suburbs of Brisbane. This finding adds further doubt to the magnitude of locational disadvantage impacts on outer suburban low income family households.