Contributos das atividades práticas de estudo do meio para o aumento da motivação e da aprendizagem conceptual no 2º ano de escolaridade

Relatório de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Ensino do 1º e 2º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Avaliações de leitura em larga escala: (im)possibilidades de afetamento e experiência de leitura

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Jornalismo best-seller: o livro-reportagem no Brasil contemporâneo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Interatividade e produção discursiva no rádio e na televisão: a participação da audiência e a conformação da mensagem informativa

The study investigates the constitution of the informational message in production processes in interactive media and television, from situations in which contents are conveyed performed by the audience. The work shows that the declared strategies employed by listeners and viewers actualize itself in a series of controls and discursive constraints resulting from the dynamics in the means of production and the relationship established between broadcaster/program and its audience. Moreover, it is clear that, despite attempts to produce an effect independent of viewer and listener regarding your participation and opinion, there is a direction and a restriction on the possibilities of expression rather than technical, operational, are of discursive order.

DISCURSOS E PRÁTICAS COMUNICACIONAIS: SAÚDE NA WEB

Esta dissertação aborda aspectos das práticas comunicacionais no contexto da comunicação de saúde. Como foco, os discursos instaurados nos Portais Nacionais das Sociedades Científicas Cardiol e Diabetes . O recorte temporal centrou-se no período de 1º de setembro a 1º de dezembro de 2008. A metodologia empregada é a qualitativa e deve-se, preferencialmente, ater ao texto, ao conteúdo latente (insinuado) e à linguagem manifesta. Verifica-se, também, a apresentação do layout e alguns tópicos de avaliação da usabilidade das páginas. O estudo é fundamentado na perspectiva da Análise de Discurso francesa (AD). Outras abordagens teóricas interdisciplinares também compõem as reflexões. Observa-se que a proposta de inserção de um discurso de prevenção de doenças e promoção de saúde, em seu sentido mais amplo, e nas atuais discussões, parece promissora para a descrição dessas representações nos diversos estágios de desenvolvimento humano e sociocultural. Há indícios de que a promoção da saúde amplia seu escopo e passa a relacionar vida, saúde, solidariedade, equidade, democracia, cidadania, desenvolvimento, participação e intenção de parceria com todos os indivíduos e segmentos. Os exemplares analisados indicam que nos enunciados, compreendidos como unidades reais da comunicação discursiva, os editores falam pelo especialista caracterizando, assim, também, como gênero científico.(AU)

DISCURSOS E PRÁTICAS COMUNICACIONAIS: SAÚDE NA WEB

Esta dissertação aborda aspectos das práticas comunicacionais no contexto da comunicação de saúde. Como foco, os discursos instaurados nos Portais Nacionais das Sociedades Científicas Cardiol e Diabetes . O recorte temporal centrou-se no período de 1º de setembro a 1º de dezembro de 2008. A metodologia empregada é a qualitativa e deve-se, preferencialmente, ater ao texto, ao conteúdo latente (insinuado) e à linguagem manifesta. Verifica-se, também, a apresentação do layout e alguns tópicos de avaliação da usabilidade das páginas. O estudo é fundamentado na perspectiva da Análise de Discurso francesa (AD). Outras abordagens teóricas interdisciplinares também compõem as reflexões. Observa-se que a proposta de inserção de um discurso de prevenção de doenças e promoção de saúde, em seu sentido mais amplo, e nas atuais discussões, parece promissora para a descrição dessas representações nos diversos estágios de desenvolvimento humano e sociocultural. Há indícios de que a promoção da saúde amplia seu escopo e passa a relacionar vida, saúde, solidariedade, equidade, democracia, cidadania, desenvolvimento, participação e intenção de parceria com todos os indivíduos e segmentos. Os exemplares analisados indicam que nos enunciados, compreendidos como unidades reais da comunicação discursiva, os editores falam pelo especialista caracterizando, assim, também, como gênero científico.(AU)

DISCURSOS E PRÁTICAS COMUNICACIONAIS: SAÚDE NA WEB

Esta dissertação aborda aspectos das práticas comunicacionais no contexto da comunicação de saúde. Como foco, os discursos instaurados nos Portais Nacionais das Sociedades Científicas Cardiol e Diabetes . O recorte temporal centrou-se no período de 1º de setembro a 1º de dezembro de 2008. A metodologia empregada é a qualitativa e deve-se, preferencialmente, ater ao texto, ao conteúdo latente (insinuado) e à linguagem manifesta. Verifica-se, também, a apresentação do layout e alguns tópicos de avaliação da usabilidade das páginas. O estudo é fundamentado na perspectiva da Análise de Discurso francesa (AD). Outras abordagens teóricas interdisciplinares também compõem as reflexões. Observa-se que a proposta de inserção de um discurso de prevenção de doenças e promoção de saúde, em seu sentido mais amplo, e nas atuais discussões, parece promissora para a descrição dessas representações nos diversos estágios de desenvolvimento humano e sociocultural. Há indícios de que a promoção da saúde amplia seu escopo e passa a relacionar vida, saúde, solidariedade, equidade, democracia, cidadania, desenvolvimento, participação e intenção de parceria com todos os indivíduos e segmentos. Os exemplares analisados indicam que nos enunciados, compreendidos como unidades reais da comunicação discursiva, os editores falam pelo especialista caracterizando, assim, também, como gênero científico.(AU)

Aspectos do desenvolvimento da experiência docente na educação superior: um estudo sob a ótica da teoria dos gêneros de atividade

This analysis introduces results related to development of teaching experience from two professors of one Federal University who have taken part of one action of continued teacher training. We consider that the interplay among the individual, the language and the world cannot function straightly. It occurs through utterances, defined like real unit discursive communication, and genres of discourse (BAKHTIN, 1979/2011). Along the same line, the relation between the employee and his employment do not occur in a direct manner. This relationship takes place through genres of activity (CLOT, 2008/2010). As well as, a domain of speech genres has given possibility to individual an interaction with several discursive fields, a domain of activity genre allows the professional protruding in difficult situations traced in his employment. We know that the drafting for wield the teaching in the Tertiary Education is recommended by LDBEN (9394/96), which suggests that should be done in postgraduate program. In the mean time, what frequently happens an educational background based in a survey and not in the teaching. Thereby, several times we have observed difficulties in the accomplishment of teaching practice. Considering such aspects, this study seeks to comprehend the manner how the lecturers deal with the difficulties encountered in the classroom and how the years of experience have contributed or not for a domain of activity genre. In this regard, we have propped up in the development approach, introduced by Vigotsky, who asserts that the learning suitably organized results in development (VIGOTSKY, 1984/2007) and still explains the development of individual on the basis of relationship that it has with another, the social (VIGOTSKY, 1996b). For this purpose, were accomplished, by means of a snipped filmed lesson from each teacher, four sessions of self-confrontation (FAÏTA, 1996; CLOT, 2008/2010), two Simple and two Crusade, recorded in a visual format. This material was transcribed in accordance with standards from project NURC-SP (PRETI, 1999). For the analysis, we used three mains theories: of Linguistic, is mobilized the concept of speech genres (BAKHTIN) and all discursive topics (JUBRAN; FÁVERO); from Occupational Psychology, is utilized the activity genres (CLOT); from Psychology Historical-Cultural, is adopted the concept from Zone of Proximal Development and another/social in the development of individual (VIGOTSKY). In compliance with the study achieved, was possible to identify the aspects related to development of teaching experience of Tertiary Education. During the classes and reports of self-confrontation, we identify that both the professors, in the beginning of the career, they got more difficulties to deal with hindrances, and which now, with some years of experience, they get to domain better the difficult situations which they come across. They built up, for example, a greater facility in improvise examples in face of students’ difficulties in the comprehension of concepts. These aspects show that the professors have evolved the higher domain of genre, which allow them getting, in addition to turn the unexpected situation around that spring up in the professional context, as well know how to taking action in similar situation, which they have already run into in another moments. This domain enabled and enables the developing of the lecturers over the course of their professional performance.

Strategy as text and discursive practice: A genre-based approach to strategizing in City Administration

Despite the acknowledged importance of strategic planning in business and other organizations, there are few studies focusing on strategy texts and the related processes of their production and consumption. In this paper, we attempt to partially fill this research gap by examining the institutionalized aspects of strategy discourse: what strategy is as genre. Combining textual analysis and analysis of conversation, the article focuses on the official strategy of the City of Lahti in Finland. Our analysis shows how specific communicative purposes and lexico-grammatical features characterize the genre of strategy and how the actual negotiations over strategy text involve particular kinds of intersubjectivity and intertextuality.

Notions of Nation : A Critical Discursive Psychology perspective on the Isle of Man

At the the heart of this study can be seen the dual concern of how the nation is represented as a categorical entity and how this is put to use in everyday social interactions.This can be seen as a reaction to the general approach to categorisation and identity functions that tend to be reified and essentialized within the social sciences. The empirical focus of this study is the Isle of Man, a crown dependency situated geographically central within the British Isles while remaining political outside the United Kingdom. The choice of this site was chosen explicitly as ‘notions of nation’ expressed on the island can be seen as being contested and ephemerally unstable. To get at these ‘notions of nation’ is was necessary to choose specific theoretical tools that were able to capture the wider cultural and representational domain while being capable of addressing the nuanced and functional aspects of interaction. As such, the main theoretical perspective used within this study was that of critical discursive psychology which incorporates the specific theoretical tools interpretative repertoires, ideological dilemmas and subject positions. To supplement these tools, a discursive approach to place was taken in tandem to address the form and function of place attached to nationhood. Two methods of data collection were utilized, that of computer mediated communication and acquaintance interviews. From the data a number of interpretative repertoires were proposed, namely being, essential rights, economic worth, heritage claims, conflict orientation, people-as-nation and place-as-nation. Attached to such interpretative repertoires were the ideological dilemmas region vs. country, people vs. place and individualism vs. collectivism. The subject positions found are much more difficult to condense, but the most significant ones were gender, age and parentage. The final focus of the study, that of place, was shown to be more than just an unreflected on ‘container’ of people but was significant in terms of the rhetorical construction of such places for how people saw themselves and the discursive function of the particular interaction. As such, certain forms of place construction included size, community, temporal, economic, safety, political and recognition. A number of conclusions were drawn from the above which included, that when looking at nation categories we should take into account the specific meanings that people attach to such concepts and to be aware of the particular uses they are put to in interaction. Also, that it is impossible to separate concepts neatly, but it is necessary to be aware of the intersection where concepts cross, and clash, when looking at nationhood.

La formation discursive eurorégionale. Articulation et approche sémantique d’un corpus multilingue

L’objectif de cet article est double :il s’agit, d’une part, de présenter un nouveau corpus permettant d’envisager le phénomène émergent de la communication transfrontalière en Europe et, d’autre part, de formuler trois questionnements utiles au cadrage de son analyse sémantique. À partir du corpus eurorégional – multilingue et multigenre - nous posons les questions de la dispersion des discours en ligne, de l’hétérogénéité des données et de la contextualisation de l’analyse. Notre démarche consiste à construire progressivement un modèle d’analyse adapté à l’appréhension, tantôt automatique et tantôt manuelle, de la diversité des textes. Enfin, nous proposons d’illustrer la démarche en l’appliquant à la mobilité, observable récurrent du corpus.

The discursive capacity of graphic design

The relationship between rhetoric and graphic design is presented in this article. The comparison between a classical orator and a graphic designer, between a discourse and a piece of design comes from the connections between with the communication and creativity. We will see how an application of the fundamentals of rhetoric can open new doors to the professional practice, the education of graphic design and the same theory of the rhetoric of the image.By the analysis of a design is exemplified the points of union that show how the arguments, operations, figures of discourse and rhetorical phases are present in the creative process of graphic design and how designers, perhaps unconsciously, use techniques that were traditional. In other words, graphic design is a rhetorical construction.There is then a transposition of a discourse model created by linguistic signs to a discourse model consists of visual and typographic signs, causing design is seen as a discursivediscipline that goes beyond the aesthetic component.

‘A true feeling of authentic portuguese golf'? The discursive construction of the Algarve region in portuguese golf websites

In an increasingly competitive global marketplace, the need for golf destinations to differentiate themselves from competitors has become more critical than ever. This paper raises questions about the promotional strategies employed by the golf sector in the Algarve, focusing on internet communication strategies, since this medium has become the biggest driving force towards the commoditisation of all aspects of the tourism experience. By offering a complementary perspective to the field of (critical) tourism studies, and drawing on a qualitative, multi-modal discourse analysis, this work-in-progress looks at the particular ways that representations and images presented on the Algarve golf websites constitute and frame identities (of people and places) and socio-spatial relationships. This paper analyses a corpus of 45 texts collected from official websites of the 40 Algarve golf courses and from five entities which promote the Algarve as a golf destination, along with the golf images that are displayed alongside them. Findings point to salient discursive and visual representations of a global setting enjoyed by the global elite. Whereas the courses‟ positioning in relation to their regional competitors draws on similar discursive strategies which reflect those used in tourism advertising discourses in general – e.g. reiteration of explicit comparisons, superlatives and hyperbolic statements -, representations of local emplacedness are not salient; in some cases local place seems to have been almost intentionally suppressed.

La communication médicale avec les patients migrants allophones : difficultés de compréhension dans les consultations spécialisées centrées sur les douleurs musculo-squelettiques chroniques

Les suivis spécialisés de douleurs chroniques comportent des enjeux communicationnels sensibles liés notamment à la subjectivité des ressentis douloureux et aux fréquentes divergences de vue entre médecins et patients quant à l'origine du problème de santé et à son traitement. Centré sur ces suivis, ce travail de thèse a cherché à appréhender comment les situations sociolinguistiques des patients migrants allophones se répercutent sur la communication médicale et, plus particulièrement, sur la compréhension mutuelle dans les consultations. Il a emprunté une approche discursive s'appuyant sur l'analyse interactionnelle de consultations filmées et sur un riche corpus de données contextuelles recueillies dans des interviews de patients et de cliniciens. Les analyses réalisées ont, entre autres, mis en évidence que les difficultés de compréhension non résolues se concentrent dans les consultations des patients les moins à l'aise en français et que ces difficultés renferment pour la plupart une charge problématique certaine en termes de qualité des soins. Il apparaît également que lorsque des malentendus ou incompréhensions cliniquement pertinents ne peuvent être résolus, le caractère limité des compétences de français de base des patients migrants n'est jamais seul en cause. Des facteurs de complexité médicaux (ex. surestimations des connaissances médicales de base des patients), relationnels (ex. non-signalement de malentendus par les patients pour éviter de faire perdre la face au médecin) et discursifs (ex. nécessité de traiter de discours ou « voix » venant de l'extérieur de la consultation dans le cadre d'une polyphonie particulièrement marquée) jouent également des rôles de premier plan dans les difficultés non résolues les plus problématiques au plan clinique et sont généralement étroitement intriqués avec le langagier au sens strict. En termes pratiques, les résultats soulignent le rôle décisif de l'autoréflexivité chez les médecins, ainsi que de leur capacité à ajuster de manière flexible leurs styles communicationnels afin, par exemple, d'éviter le cumul de facteurs de complexités favorisant des malentendus ou incompréhensions problématiques. Les observations effectuées rappellent également l'importance du recours à des ressources d'interprétariat.