Computed tomographic and radiographic examination of dental structures in South American camelid specimen of different ages.

BACKGROUND Tooth root problems and periodontal diseases are common in South American camelids (SAC). The objective was to evaluate and optimize the imaging technique for dental radiography in SAC and to describe the radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) anatomy of normal teeth at different ages. In this study, the heads of 20 healthy SAC slaughtered for meat production or euthanized for reasons not related to dental problems included 7 female and 10 male llamas and 3 male alpacas. Using a standardized protocol, radiographs and CT scans of the 20 specimen were performed. RESULTS The most useful radiographic projections for mandibular and maxillary cheek teeth evaluation turned out to be lateral30°ventral-laterodorsal and lateral30°dorsal-lateroventral with slight separation of the dental arcades respectively. Digital radiographic and CT appearance of the mandibular and maxillary teeth were described from the beginning of mineralization till maturity. In addition the normal range of the CT radio density of different cheek teeth and different dental tissues were measured. Hounsfield units of different dental tissues of SAC turned out to be similar to equids. Deviation, shortening and partial destruction of the distal tooth root of mandibular 09's and 10's and of maxillary 09's was observed and the existence of a common pulp chamber in younger teeth was revealed. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides information about the dental imaging morphology in clinically healthy SAC. This basic information provides fundamental knowledge for evaluating images and planning treatments in clinically affected animals.

New insights into ancient environments using dental characters in Australian Cenozoic lungfish

Environmentally-related wear conditions and pathologies affecting the dentition of fossil lungfish from freshwater deposits in Australia have been analysed and compared with similar changes in the dentition of the living Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri. Fossil populations from the Namba, Etadunna, Wipajiri and Katipiri formations in central Australia, and the Carl Creek Limestone and the Camfield beds in northern Australia were assessed. Tooth plates from populations of living lungfish from the Brisbane River and Enoggera Reservoir in southeast Queensland were analysed for comparison. Tooth plates were measured to determine the numbers of different age groups in each population. They were assessed for abrasion, attrition, spur and step wear, erosion and caries, and for trauma and pathological conditions such as malocclusion, hyperplasia, abscesses, osteopenia and parasitic damage. All of these conditions are related to the environment where the fish lived, are found in living members of the group, and can be compared directly with those of fossil relatives. The results suggest that some of the fossil populations were at risk before climatic changes late in the Cainozoic destroyed their habitats. Some fossil lungfish populations, such as those of the Wipajiri Formation, exhibit active spawning and recruitment, good growth rates and a low incidence of disease and environmentally related damage to the tooth plates. Others, like those of the Katipiri and Namba Formations, include no young, and the adult fish were ageing and show environmentally-related damage to the dentition. Etadunna lungfish had active recruitment, but the tooth plates show a high incidence of attrition and caries. Riversleigh lungfish were actively spawning but did not grow large. Tooth plates from this latter deposit have a high incidence of pathological conditions. Fish from the Camfield Beds, where food was severely limiting, had little serious pathology but high levels of caries. Pathologies among living lungfish are common, but fossil fish were comparatively healthy, with few serious dental problems. Information from studies of fossil lungfish confirms that conservation of the few living species of lungfish depends on the maintenance of clean environments that provide adequate supplies of food and suitable sites for spawning and for the growth of young fish.

Perfil sociodemográfico e padrão de utilização dos serviços de saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), 2003- 2008

O objetivo foi analisar a evolução do perfil de utilização de serviços de saúde, entre 2003 e 2008, no Brasil e nas suas macrorregiões. Foram utilizados dados da PNAD. A utilização de serviços de saúde foi medida pela proporção de pessoas que procuraram e foram atendidas nas 2 semanas anteriores e pelos que relataram internação nos últimos 12 meses, segundo SUS e não SUS. Foram analisadas as características socioeconômicas dos usuários, o tipo de atendimento e de serviço e os motivos da procura. A proporção de indivíduos que procuraram serviços de saúde não se alterou, assim como a parcela dos que conseguiram atendimento (96%), entre 2003 e 2008. O SUS respondeu por 56,7% dos atendimentos, realizando a maior parte das internações, vacinação e consultas e somente 1/3 das consultas odontológicas. Em 2008, manteve-se o gradiente de redução de utilização de serviços de saúde SUS conforme o aumento de renda e escolaridade. Houve decréscimo da proporção dos que procuraram serviços de saúde para ações de prevenção e aumento de procura para problemas odontológicos, acidentes e lesões e reabilitação. O padrão de utilização do SUS por região esteve inversamente relacionado à proporção de indivíduos com posse de planos privados de saúde.

Percepção dos idosos sobre saúde bucal

The assessment of oral health status in elderly patients is essential for the development of specific health policies. The prevalence of oral diseases is high in this population. The self-perception of oral health conditions influences the demand for oral care and quality of life for seniors. The aim of this study was to assess self-perception of oral health status in 100 elderly of both sexes, aged 60 years or older and functionally independent the Basic Health Unit of Felipe Camarão II, Natal, Brazil. For comparison of self-perception data was collected in Bom Pastor, Natal / RN. In this research data were collected a questionnaire grouped into two parts. The first part with the socio-demographic data, subjective and objective condition of oral health and access to the service, the second part GOHAI Index. This index consists of 12 items that make it possible to obtain information involving aspects of chewing, speech, phonation, and self-assessed oral health. The results were subjected to statistical tests of Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05), to identify possible predictors of self-evaluation. As a result, 69% were female, ages ranged from 60 to 86 years, with a median of 65 years. In relation to marital status 48% were married. For the years of study, the sample had an average of 3 years. For the last visit to the dentist, only 27% of seniors had visited the Dentist for less than a year. Regarding the questions about the presence of gingival and dental problems were answered by 46% and 21% respectively. The data on the perception of your teeth and gums, 44%. The index showed GOHAI value for self-perception of 30 points to Felipe Camarão and 28 points for the Bom Pastor, both considered a low perception. We identified predictors of self-rated number of people in the room, participate in any associational activity, there is problems with your teeth and your gums. Concluded a negative self-perception of oral health condition by Gone in both areas, influenced by socioeconomic and cultural issues, although they realize the importance given to oral health, but by the misfortunes of other prominent favored little valuing of oral health

Os significados do tabagismo construídos na dinâmica social

The present study has the purpose of catching the significances of smoking in the social dinamics based on the Theory of Social Representations. It was developed among adults with ages from 20 to 59 years, low social and economic conditions, at Natal RN, Brazil. The Free-words Association Test was applied as the instrument of data collection and a semi-structured interview with the smokers and non-smokers, besides a structured interview with smokers, non-smokers and ex-smokers. All data was analyzed by the descriptive statistics using the Analysis of Content Technique of the thematic kind and by the softwares ALCESTE and EVOC 2000. Elaborations about smoking were marked by social, cultural and historical dimension, however they showed sensibility to changes and revealed positive and negative aspects of the habit. The analysis of the semi-structured interviews showed the following categories and under-categories respectively: Initiation of the habit (Friends and Family and Appreciation and Beauty); Psychosocial Implications of smoking (Personal relationship, Work and Financial); Behavior when facing smoking (Positive, Negative and Neutral); Smoking Effects (Smokers´ health and the other people health); Description about oral diseases ( Bad breath, Oral cancer and Dental problems); Smoking treatment (Physician and psychological, Supernatural and Difficulties). ALCESTE analysis presented 4 classes: Ambivalence between pleasure and get ill, Smoking as a trouble and danger to society, Social discrimination of smokers and Mouth as a place of reaffirmation of the discrimination. Those helped us to understand the psychosocial repercussion of the habit. On the social representation structure we identified as a probable central nucleus of the smoker group the categories Pleasure and Bad to the health and as peripheral elements Alcoholic Drink, Financial damage and Nervousness. For the non-smoker group the category Bad to the health comes first and Stop Smoking comes as a peripheral element. Finally, we hope that the knowledge of these representations can contribute to plan and/or to rethink over the professional practices and public policies related to smoking. Besides that, for an amplified comprehension of the study object the discussions over the identified representations should be deepen and amplified to other population and social groups

Absenteísmo por motivos odontológico e médico nos serviços público e privado

O absenteísmo é um assunto de interesse crescente devido ao atual contexto econômico de competitividade, que faz com que as empresas procurem meios para diminuir sua ocorrência, aumentando a rentabilidade e com isso crescendo de forma sustentada. Procurou-se estudar o absenteísmo por razões odontológicas e médicas, nos serviços público e privado, analisando se a idade, o sexo e a função do trabalhador, além do regime empregatício, interferem na sua ocorrência. Desenvolveu-se o estudo na prefeitura do município de Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil, e em uma indústria acrílica. Para a coleta dos dados, analisaram-se todos os atestados odontológicos e médicos, que deram entrada nas empresas no período de janeiro a junho de 2002 e as listagens dos trabalhadores. Verificou-se que a falta por motivos odontológicos tiveram pouco peso sobre o total de faltas por motivo de doença, além de provocarem o afastamento do trabalhador por um período menor. As variáveis idade, sexo, função e regime empregatício influenciaram na ocorrência do absenteísmo ao trabalho. A disponibilidade dessas informações deverá ser muito importante, pois, visto as inúmeras variáveis envolvidas, facilitarão a tomada de decisões das distintas estratégias para sua prevenção.

Autopercepção de saúde e avaliação das condições bucais dos escolares, de 6 a 15 anos de idade, do município de Pinheiro Preto - SC, 2002

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Preventiva e Social - FOA

Achados clínicos de afecções orais em bugios ruivos (Alouatta guariba clamitans) (Cabrera, 1940)

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Estratégias de sustentabilidade na prática odontológica

Dentists have widely discussed environmental issues with a view to the implementation of sustainability strategies in dental practice. It is unacceptable the practice of dentistry today as merely the solution of dental problems. The Dentist has a social responsibility to incorporate into your daily work concrete actions to reduce the impact of its production process. The purpose of this study is to characterize the development and application of performanceoriented model of social responsibility in dental practice, built to preserve the environmental cause in dentistry in order to trace change scenario that allows the environmental management without compromising the quality of services offered.

Reflexões sobre a importância da assistência odontológica preventiva e do adequado treinamento dos Cirurgiões Dentistas para o atendimento de pessoas com deficiência

People with disabilities require special dental care according to the type of disability, degree of involvement of intellectual and motor complications, such individuals may have dental problems that require specific training of the dentist. The objective of this study was a literature review emphasizing the need for early and preventive dental treatment for people with disabilities and training and technical knowledge necessary for quality service performed by the dentist. The literature review was conducted primarily using articles published nationally, to establish the development of dentistry for special patients in Brazil, thus emphasizing some policies and measures adopted in certain areas of the country. It was concluded that preventive care is essential and that the projects of health promotion are important facilitators of social inclusion and provide increased success in dental care. Technical training of professionals is extremely important, therefore, be important to trace an appropriate treatment plan and establish communication with the multidisciplinary team involved in patient care.

Tobacco in adolescence: importance to knowledge the health hazards and preventive measures

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A Conservative Approach for Restoring Anterior Guidance: A Case Report

One of the most common dental problems in today's clinics is tooth wear, specifically when related to bruxism. In such cases, the esthetics of anterior teeth may be compromised when excessive wear to the incisal surfaces occurs. Anterior tooth wear resulting from parafunctional bruxism can be conservatively treated with the use of direct resin composite restorations. This restorative approach has the advantages of presenting good predictability, load resistance, acceptable longevity, preservation of healthy dental tissues, and lower cost when compared with indirect restorations. The use of resin composites to solve esthetic problems, however, requires skill and practice. Thus, the present article demonstrates a conservative approach for restoring the esthetics and function of worn anterior teeth with the aid of direct resin composite restorations and selective occlusal adjustment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A conservative approach to restore anterior teeth with excessive wear is possible with direct resin composites. (J Esthet Restor Dent 24:171-184, 2011)

Influence of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery on Vitamin C, Myeloperoxidase, and Oral Clinical Manifestations: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study

Background: Bariatric surgery influences the intake and absorption of nutrients. The serum concentrations of vitamin C, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and oral clinical manifestations were examined in patients two years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Methods: Clinical prospective-study with control-group (CG; n = 26), assessed only once, and the bariatric-group (BG; n = 26), assessed in the basal period and at 12 and 24 months after surgery. The mean ages in the CG and BG were 37.8 +/- 1.51 and 39.6 +/- 1.93 years, respectively, and their body mass indices were 22.07 +/- 0.29 and 45.62 +/- 1.46 kg/m2, respectively. Results: At 12 months after surgery, increased episodes of vomiting (P < .001) and dental hypersensitivity (P=.012) were observed, with a reduction in the saliva buffering capacity of 21.3 2.9% (P=.004). At 24 months after RYGB, we detected a significant reduction in serum vitamin C (32.9 +/- 5.3%, P < .001) and MPO values were higher than in the basal period (P = .032). With regard to oral hygiene habits, 92.3% of patients reported frequent tooth brushing and 96.1% used fluoride, which were similar across the two years. However, dental hypersensitivity (P = .048) was significantly increased than baseline. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that vitamin C deficiency and increased vomiting after RYGB for morbid obesity may contribute to increased periodontal disease. The fact it is impossible to determine which factors (diet, poor compliance with supplementation, vomiting, poor oral hygiene) contributed to the dental problems in these patients is a shortcoming of the report. (Nutr Clin Pract. 2012; 27: 114-121)

Caratterizzazione microbiologica ed epidemiologica del microbiota del cavo orale mediante metodiche colturali e molecolari

La ricerca si è focalizzata su due degli aspetti di interesse odontoiatrico più diffusi: la carie dentaria e la parodontite cronica. Il problema della carie dentaria è stato studiato in una popolazione di 39 soggetti affetti da cardiopatia congenita in cui la scarsa igiene orale è fattore di rischio per problematiche di salute generale e soprattutto per lo sviluppo di endocardite infettiva. I dati osservati e confrontati con quelli di un omogeneo gruppo di controllo dimostrano che nella dentatura decidua questi bambini hanno più denti cariati, come dimostrato dalla significativa differenza dell'indice dmft. Nella dentatura permanente non si osservano differenze tra i due gruppi. La carica microbica totale rilevata nella saliva e la presenza di Streptococcus mutans non mostrano differenze tra i due gruppi. I problemi di parodontite cronica sono stati studiati in un gruppo di 352 soggetti italiani adulti in cui si è definita la prevalenza dei 6 più importanti patogeni parodontali e la possibile correlazione con parametri clinici (pus, sanguinamento al sondaggio - BOP, profondità di sondaggio della tasca parodontale – PPD). Tra le 6 specie batteriche ricercate, quello di più frequente riscontro è stato Fusobacterium nucleatum (95%), mentre quello con carica batterica più alta è stato Tannerella forsythia. La carica batterica di Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia e Fusobacterium nucleatum ha mostrato una correlazione diretta con il BOP e la presenza di pus. Inoltre, si è riscontrato che la carica batterica di tutte le specie (tranne Aggregatibacterium actinomycetemcomitans) aumenta all'aumentare del PPD. Tra le variabili studiate, PPD rappresenta il più importante fattore di rischio per la presenza di parodontopatogeni, mentre BOP è un indicatore di rischio per la ricerca del complesso rosso.

Oral examination and radiographic evaluation of the dentition in wild cats from Namibia

Feline tooth resorption has been widely reported in domestic cats and sporadically described in other felidae. The goal of the present study was to determine the prevalence of tooth resorption and to report other dental problems in a population of wild felidae. Observations of dental disorders and anomalies were made in skulls from 73 wild felidae (cheetahs, leopards, caracals, African wildcats, and lions) originating from Namibia. In addition, radiographs were taken in 43 cases to determine signs of bone and root pathology. Radiographs showed varying stages of tooth resorption in 16.0% of the specimens. Other dental anomalies found included fused teeth, supernumerary roots, or missing teeth. The prevalence of dental resorption in wild felidae was lower than reported in the domestic cat.