Job satisfaction and life satisfaction: Analysis of a reciprocal model with social demographic moderators

The general objective of the study was to empirically test a reciprocal model of job satisfaction and life satisfaction while controlling for some social demographic variables. 827 employees working in 34 car dealerships in Northern Quebec (56% responses rate) were surveyed. The multiple item questionnaires were analysed using correlation analysis, chi square and ANOVAs. Results show interesting patterns emerging for the relationships between job and life satisfaction of which 49.2% of all individuals have spillover, 43.5% compensation, and 7.3% segmentation type of relationships. Results, nonetheless, are far richer and the model becomes much more refined when social demographic indicators are taken into account. Globally, social demographic variables demonstrate some effects on each satisfaction individually but also on the interrelation (nature of the relations) between life and work satisfaction.

Retirement behavior of the elderly in Europe: The importance of being healthy

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Integração vertical de cuidados : o impacto nos custos do internamento hospitalar

RESUMO - Introdução: A integração vertical de cuidados surge em Portugal em 1999 com a criação da primeira Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS) em Matosinhos. Este modelo de gestão tem como principal objetivo reorganizar o sistema para responder de forma mais custo-efetiva às necessidades atuais. Objetivo: Analisar o impacto da criação das ULS nos custos do internamento hospitalar português. Metodologia: Para apurar o custo médio estimado por episódio de internamento hospitalar utilizou-se a metodologia dos Custos Estimados com base na Contabilidade Analítica. Contudo, não foram imputados custos por diária de internamento por centro de produção, mas apenas por doente saído em determinado hospital. Para efeitos de comparação dos modelos de gestão organizacionais consideraram-se variáveis demográficas e variáveis de produção. Resultados: Da análise global, os hospitais integrados em ULS apresentam um custo médio estimado por episódio de internamento inferior quando comparados com os restantes. Em 2004 os hospitais sem modelo de integração vertical de cuidados apresentam uma diferença de custos de aproximadamente 714,00€. No ano 2009, último ano em análise, esta diferença é mais ténue situando-se nos 232,00€ quando comparados com hospitais integrados em ULS. Discussão e Conclusão: Não existe uma tendência definida no que respeita à diferença de custos quando se comparam os diferentes modelos organizacionais. É importante que em estudos futuros se alargue a amostra ao total de prestadores e se aprofundem os fatores que influênciam os custos de internamento. A compreensão dos indicadores sociodemográficos, demora média, e produção realizada, numa ótica de custo efetividade e qualidade, permitirá resultados com menor grau de viés.

Interpersonal and attitudinal factors in women's work role: Cross-cultural comparison

The last four decades have seen a dramatic increase in the number of women entering employment. This is particularly true in Europe and although more European women are working outside the home, the patterns of female employment have changed very little. An analysis of these patterns is presented. It was found that women continue to dominate specific fields, particularly teaching and service providing. An investigation of the interpersonal behavior differences among 117 American women from the southeastern United States in three work roles--homemakers, women in traditional occupations, and in nontraditional occupations--was conducted and the sex-role orientation, attitudes toward success, and demographic indicators were examined in order to consider the interplay of these variables with female occupational role and interpersonal behavior. A second focus of the study is on the cross-cultural comparison of the psychological and work variables in women of two different cultures: America and Portugal. Thirty-one Portuguese women were a preliminary comparison sample. The American results showed significant differences between groups in self-perceived interpersonal behaviors and the findings contradicted current stereotypes. The cross-cultural data, although preliminary, indicates differences between the countries in social desirability, aggressive and assertive behaviors, and in sex-role attitudes, which seem to reflect the different stages of economic development. (MKA)

Socioeconomic gradients in mortality in the oldest old: a review.

This review aims at identifying gaps in knowledge on socioeconomic gradients in mortality in the oldest old. The authors review literature on oldest old population with a focus on unanswered questions: do socioeconomic status (SES) gradients in mortality persist after 80; does the magnitude of the gradient change as compared with younger populations; which socioeconomic/socio-demographic determinants should be used in this population with specific characteristics (e.g., with respect to sex ratio and household type)? Results are often inconsistent while conclusions drawn by selected studies are generally limited by the difficulty of disentangling the effects of age and cohort, and of generalizing results observed in preponderantly small, selected samples (which typically exclude institutionalized persons). Future research should explore the effects of socio-demographic indicators other than education and social class (e.g., marital status, loss of the partner) and adequately differentiate the social position of oldest old women. The authors recommend that research applies a life-course perspective combined with an interdisciplinary perspective to improve our understanding of the SES gradients in later life. Research is needed to elucidate which causal pathways depending on SES in younger age impact on mortality in higher ages up to oldest old.

A high proportion of users of low-threshold facilities with needle exchange programmes in Switzerland are currently on methadone treatment: implications for new approaches in harm reduction and care.

BACKGROUND: Increasingly, patients receiving methadone treatment are found in low threshold facilities (LTF), which provide needle exchange programmes in Switzerland. This paper identifies the characteristics of LTF attendees receiving methadone treatment (MT) compared with other LTF attendees (non-MT). METHODS: A national cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2006 over five consecutive days in all LTF (n=25). Attendees were given an anonymous questionnaire, collecting information on socio-demographic indicators, drug consumption, injection, methadone treatment, and self-reported HIV and HCV status. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were performed to compare MT to non-MT. The response rate was 66% (n=1128). RESULTS: MT comprised 57.6% of the sample. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with being on MT were older age (OR: 1.38), being female (OR: 1.60), having one's own accommodation (OR: 1.56), receiving public assistance (OR: 2.29), lifetime injecting (OR: 2.26), HIV-positive status (OR: 2.00), and having consumed cocaine during the past month (OR: 1.37); MT were less likely to have consumed heroin in the past month (OR: 0.76, not significant) and visited LTF less often on a daily basis (OR: 0.59). The number of injections during the past week was not associated with MT. CONCLUSIONS: More LTF attendees were in the MT group, bringing to light an underappreciated LTF clientele with specific needs. The MT group consumption profile may reflect therapeutic failure or deficits in treatment quality and it is necessary to acknowledge this and to strengthen the awareness of LTF personnel about potential needs of MT attendees to meet their therapeutic goals.

La démographie des centenaires québécois : validation des âges au décès, mesure de la mortalité et composante familiale de la longévité

L’explosion récente du nombre de centenaires dans les pays à faible mortalité n’est pas étrangère à la multiplication des études portant sur la longévité, et plus spécifiquement sur ses déterminants et ses répercussions. Alors que certains tentent de découvrir les gènes pouvant être responsables de la longévité extrême, d’autres s’interrogent sur l’impact social, économique et politique du vieillissement de la population et de l’augmentation de l’espérance de vie ou encore, sur l’existence d’une limite biologique à la vie humaine. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous analysons la situation démographique des centenaires québécois depuis le début du 20e siècle à partir de données agrégées (données de recensement, statistiques de l’état civil, estimations de population). Dans un deuxième temps, nous évaluons la qualité des données québécoises aux grands âges à partir d’une liste nominative des décès de centenaires des générations 1870-1894. Nous nous intéressons entre autres aux trajectoires de mortalité au-delà de cent ans. Finalement, nous analysons la survie des frères, sœurs et parents d’un échantillon de semi-supercentenaires (105 ans et plus) nés entre 1890 et 1900 afin de se prononcer sur la composante familiale de la longévité. Cette thèse se compose de trois articles. Dans le cadre du premier, nous traitons de l’évolution du nombre de centenaires au Québec depuis les années 1920. Sur la base d’indicateurs démographiques tels le ratio de centenaires, les probabilités de survie et l’âge maximal moyen au décès, nous mettons en lumière les progrès remarquables qui ont été réalisés en matière de survie aux grands âges. Nous procédons également à la décomposition des facteurs responsables de l’augmentation du nombre de centenaires au Québec. Ainsi, au sein des facteurs identifiés, l’augmentation de la probabilité de survie de 80 à 100 ans s’inscrit comme principal déterminant de l’accroissement du nombre de centenaires québécois. Le deuxième article traite de la validation des âges au décès des centenaires des générations 1870-1894 d’origine canadienne-française et de confession catholique nés et décédés au Québec. Au terme de ce processus de validation, nous pouvons affirmer que les données québécoises aux grands âges sont d’excellente qualité. Les trajectoires de mortalité des centenaires basées sur les données brutes s’avèrent donc représentatives de la réalité. L’évolution des quotients de mortalité à partir de 100 ans témoigne de la décélération de la mortalité. Autant chez les hommes que chez les femmes, les quotients de mortalité plafonnent aux alentours de 45%. Finalement, dans le cadre du troisième article, nous nous intéressons à la composante familiale de la longévité. Nous comparons la survie des frères, sœurs et parents des semi-supercentenaires décédés entre 1995 et 2004 à celle de leurs cohortes de naissance respectives. Les différences de survie entre les frères, sœurs et parents des semi-supercentenaires sous observation et leur génération « contrôle » s’avèrent statistiquement significatives à un seuil de 0,01%. De plus, les frères, sœurs, pères et mères des semi-supercentenaires ont entre 1,7 (sœurs) et 3 fois (mères) plus de chance d’atteindre 90 ans que les membres de leur cohorte de naissance correspondante. Ainsi, au terme de ces analyses, il ne fait nul doute que la longévité se concentre au sein de certaines familles.

Um olhar multicultural sobre as políticas públicas para indígenas no governo federal

Este trabalho parte da premissa de que as políticas públicas universalistas não podem ser concebidas uniformemente para uma população sem se considerarem as diferenças culturais, porque tal situação comprometeria os resultados desejados. Para elucidarmos melhor tal premissa, selecionamos a questão indígena brasileira. A referência teórica desta pesquisa, o multiculturalismo, é estrangeira, portanto não ignoramos as limitações e a necessidade de adaptação de que necessita quando transportada para a realidade brasileira. De duas análises já existentes sobre o nível de políticas multiculturais nos países Latinos, comparamos a situação do Brasil com os outros países a fim de formar uma idéia geral sobre o contexto brasileiro em relação aos demais. A pesquisa, então, parte da revisão das condições históricas dos indígenas desde os anos 1970 e é complementada com indicadores demográficos das populações autóctones cotejadas com a nacional. Nesse momento já podemos apontar as dificuldades no aspecto normativo das políticas públicas multiculturais. Uma análise detalhada das propostas de políticas públicas específicas para os indígenas, no Plano Plurianual de 2008-2011 do Governo Federal, indica possíveis contradições entre diferentes programas e ações. Também verificamos a forma como o Ministério da Educação (MEC) e a sua Secretaria específica (SECAD/MEC) abordam a questão da diversidade cultural, na defesa de programas e ações sob perspectiva diferente dos do multiculturalismo. Finalizamos com um estudo dos limites e das oportunidades desse tratamento na questão indígena no Brasil, do que se conclui que há um movimento incipiente pró-multiculturalismo no país.

Physical fitness and associations with anthropometric measurements in 7 to 15-year-old school children

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fecundidad = Fertility

Incluye CD-ROM

Review of the implementation of the Cairo Programme of Action in the Caribbean (1994-2004): achievements and constraints

Includes bibliography

Proyecciones de población de cinco países sudamericanos: comparación con América Latina

Publicación bilingüe (Español e inglés)

Factors associated with sarcopenia in subjects aged 80 years and over

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Anxiety and depression in brazilian undergraduate students: the role of sociodemographic variables, undergraduate course characteristics and social skills

The prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders in undergraduate students is high and several variables can be influential. The aim is to verify the predictive value of social skills, sociodemographic variables, and course characteristics for depression and anxiety. A total of 1282 students of a public university, of both sexes and from different years and courses, participated in this study. Screening instruments for depression and anxiety were applied, as well as an instrument investigating social skills and a questionnaire covering socio demographic indicators and course characteristics. The data were analyzed using univariate analysis followed by multiple binary regression analysis in order to define the relevance of these depression and anxiety measures. The rates of anxiety and depression were 19.4% and 3.8%, respectively. The social skills and living situation were predictive of depression, with the social skills and course area (with higher prevalence for the exact and human sciences) remaining in the final model for anxiety. Such data have implications for psychological prevention and intervention with this population.