Democracia Deliberativa en Córdoba: análisis de los alcances y limitaciones de algunas experiencias participativas, contribuciones para su factibilidad. Deliberative Democracy in Córdoba: scope and limitations of participatory experiences.

En el debate académico y social los críticos de la democracia deliberativa coinciden en sostener la imposibilidad de realización de este ideal, fundamentando dicha afirmación en hechos sociales relevantes como el pluralismo, la desigualdad, la complejidad, poderosas instituciones y una esfera pública polarizada en extremo. En atención a las mencionadas críticas algunos autores han destacado que la viabilidad de una forma deliberativa de democracia depende de la creación de condiciones sociales y arreglos institucionales que propicien el uso público de la razón. La deliberación es pública en la medida en que estos arreglos permitan el diálogo abierto entre ciudadanos capaces de formular juicios informados y razonados en torno a las formas de resolver situaciones problemáticas. La factibilidad y eficacia de la deliberación pública reside, a su vez, en la posibilidad de sostener no sólo un diálogo abierto y continuo entre ciudadanos, sino también de éstos con las instituciones políticas. En esta discusión se inserta el presente proyecto con el fin de estudiar los problemas de justificación e institucionalización, como así también los obstáculos y constreñimientos empíricos con los que se enfrenta la democracia deliberativa. Para ello se toman diversas experiencias en la Provincia de Córdoba: El Acta de Compromiso Público de la Ciudad de Córdoba, Los Observatorios de Servicios Públicos de la Asociación Civil el Ágora, Concertación en Espacios Locales de la Asociación Civil el Ágora y las Juntas de Participación Vecinal de la Municipalidad de Córdoba. Todos estos procesos se caracterizan por constituir iniciativas que procuran la creación, fortalecimiento e institucionalización de espacios de participación ciudadana y de interacción dialógica de los ciudadanos entre sí y de éstos con el estado. Estos espacios son espacios situados y, en cuanto tales, implican contigencias devenidas de las particularidades territoriales, temáticas y de los diferentes horizontes temporales sobre los que se proponen actuar. El proyecto se propone analizar los alcances y dificultades (políticas, sociales, organizativas, informacionales) que se presentan en estas experiencias deliberativas, atendiendo tanto a los requisitos de factibilidad de las propias experiencias como a la necesidad de fortalecer los planteamientos teóricos de la teoría de la deliberación pública a partir de la consideración de los problemas empíricos con los que la misma se enfrenta. Se prevé el desarrollo e implementación de indicadores de seguimiento y monitoreo de las experiencias que den cuenta de las dimensiones y presupuestos de la democracia deliberativa, la construcción de modelos procedimentales y tecnologías comunicativas que contribuyan a la factibilidad de los presupuestos comunicativos y la contribuición al desarrollo de proposiciones teóricas vinculadas con la preocupación académica referida a los procesos deliberativos y participativos en las sociedades contemporáneas.

Deliberative Democracy and Precautionary Public Reasoning : Exploratory Thoughts

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Deliberative democracy and education. 'Democracia deliberativa y educación'.

Resumen tomado de la publicación. Monográfico titulado: orientación y formación en competencias

Deliberative democracy and the Tasmanian forest peace process

Deliberative ecological economics: emergence and research issues

We discuss the recent emergence of "deliberative ecological economics", a field that highlights the potential of deliberation for improving environmental governance. We locate the emergence of this literature in the long concern in ecological economics over the policy implications of limited views of human action and its encounter with deliberative democracy scholarship and the model of communicative rationality as an alternative to utilitarianism. Considering criticisms over methods used and the focus of research in deliberative decision-making, we put forward a research agenda for deliberative ecological economics. Given the promising potential of deliberative processes for improving the effectiveness and legitimacy of environmental decision-making, work in this area could help advance both theory and practice in environmental governance.

Post-conventional Political Cultures via Processes of Direct Democracy: Theoretical Considerations Based on Jurgen Habermas and Lawrence Kohlberg

In this article, it is proposed to differentiate political cultures in two dimensions. First, inspired by Habermas' distinction of the contents of discourse, a distinction is suggested between moral, ethical-political and pragmatic elements of political culture as well as of an element of culture of balancing interests. Second, inspired by Kohlberg's stage models for the development of the individual moral consciousness and for moral culture, a distinction is similarly suggested between two pre-conventional, two conventional and two post-conventional collective stages of political culture. It can be shown that from a normative point of view, only deliberations made in a post-conventional political culture can produce reasonable or at least fair results. Conceptual considerations indicate processes of direct democracy as the method for promoting post-conventional political cultures. The more liberty that the citizens have to formulate and trigger processes of direct democracy, the more one can expect from them to generate post-conventional political cultures.

Symposium commentary : reflections on the theory of deliberative systems

Improving deliberative participation : connecting mini-publics to deliberative systems

Public hearings as a tool to improve participation in regulatory policies: case study of the National Agency of Electric Energy

The participation of citizens in public policies is an opportunity not only to educate them, but also to increase their empowerment. However, the best way for deploying participatory policies, defining their scope and approach, still remains an open and continuous debate. Using as a case study the Brazilian National Agency of Electric Energy (Aneel), with its public hearings about tariff review, this paper aims at analyzing the democratic aspects of these hearings and challenges the hypothesis of many scholars about the social participation bias in this kind of procedure. This study points out a majority participation of experts, contrasting with the political content of discussions. And, this way, it contributes to a critical analysis of the public hearings as a participatory tool, indicating their strengths and their aspects which deserve a special attention.

Fostering e-participation sustainability through a BPM-driven semantic model

According to a recent Eurobarometer survey (2014), 68% of Europeans tend not to trust national governments. As the increasing alienation of citizens from politics endangers democracy and welfare, governments, practitioners and researchers look for innovative means to engage citizens in policy matters. One of the measures intended to overcome the so-called democratic deficit is the promotion of civic participation. Digital media proliferation offers a set of novel characteristics related to interactivity, ubiquitous connectivity, social networking and inclusiveness that enable new forms of societal-wide collaboration with a potential impact on leveraging participative democracy. Following this trend, e-Participation is an emerging research area that consists in the use of Information and Communication Technologies to mediate and transform the relations among citizens and governments towards increasing citizens’ participation in public decision-making. However, despite the widespread efforts to implement e-Participation through research programs, new technologies and projects, exhaustive studies on the achieved outcomes reveal that it has not yet been successfully incorporated in institutional politics. Given the problems underlying e-Participation implementation, the present research suggested that, rather than project-oriented efforts, the cornerstone for successfully implementing e-Participation in public institutions as a sustainable added-value activity is a systematic organisational planning, embodying the principles of open-governance and open-engagement. It further suggested that BPM, as a management discipline, can act as a catalyst to enable the desired transformations towards value creation throughout the policy-making cycle, including political, organisational and, ultimately, citizen value. Following these findings, the primary objective of this research was to provide an instrumental model to foster e-Participation sustainability across Government and Public Administration towards a participatory, inclusive, collaborative and deliberative democracy. The developed artefact, consisting in an e-Participation Organisational Semantic Model (ePOSM) underpinned by a BPM-steered approach, introduces this vision. This approach to e-Participation was modelled through a semi-formal lightweight ontology stack structured in four sub-ontologies, namely e-Participation Strategy, Organisational Units, Functions and Roles. The ePOSM facilitates e-Participation sustainability by: (1) Promoting a common and cross-functional understanding of the concepts underlying e-Participation implementation and of their articulation that bridges the gap between technical and non-technical users; (2) Providing an organisational model which allows a centralised and consistent roll-out of strategy-driven e-Participation initiatives, supported by operational units dedicated to the execution of transformation projects and participatory processes; (3) Providing a standardised organisational structure, goals, functions and roles related to e-Participation processes that enhances process-level interoperability among government agencies; (4) Providing a representation usable in software development for business processes’ automation, which allows advanced querying using a reasoner or inference engine to retrieve concrete and specific information about the e-Participation processes in place. An evaluation of the achieved outcomes, as well a comparative analysis with existent models, suggested that this innovative approach tackling the organisational planning dimension can constitute a stepping stone to harness e-Participation value.

Possibilitats i límits de la democràcia deliberativa

La meva investigació s’articula entorn a l’obra del filòsof alemany Jürgen Habermas. L’aportació filosòfica més important de Habermas ha estat l’elaboració d’una racionalitat discursiva. Aquesta nova manera d’entendre la raó com a discurs ha tingut importants repercussions en l’àmbit de la filosofia i de les ciències socials en general. La primera part de la meva investigació analitza l’obra de Habermas, posant èmfasi en el procés de configuració d’aquesta racionalitat discursiva. Aquest primer període culmina amb la presentació de la tesina “Introducció al pensament i l’obra de Jürgen Habermas”. Com a resultat d’aquesta investigació, la meva recerca es centrarà, primer, en les nocions habermasianes de publicitat (Öffentlichkeit) i d’opinió pública (öffentliche Meinung) i, finalment, en l’anomenada democràcia deliberativa. Per tant, la recerca consta de dos part estretament relacionades: (1) un anàlisi del procés de configuració d’una raó discursiva en l’obra de Habermas; (2) una valoració crítica dels límits i les possibilitats de la democràcia deliberativa en les societats contemporànies. Aquesta darrera fase d’investigació –en la qual treballo actualment– s’endinsa en el debat dels “teòrics deliberatius”. Entre d’altres, aprofundeix en les repercussions ètiques i polítiques d’una relació problemàtica entre esfera pública i esfera privada. Desfer aquesta problemàtica passa per repensar l’exigència d’una racionalitat imparcial que, alhora, sigui Desfer aquesta problemàtica capaç de garantir la participació democràtica de la ciutadania en el context actual, on el pluralisme de valors ha esdevingut un dels fenòmens vertebradors de les societats contemporànies.