A manual for executors and administrators, in the settlement of the estates of deceased persons: with practical forms, etc.

Mode of access: Internet.

Local records; or, Historical register of remarkable events which have occurred in Northumberland and Durham, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and Berwick-upon-Tweed, with biographical notices of deceased persons of talent, eccentricity, and longevity;

A compilation of similar character, bearing a title almost identical, was made by J. Latimer, covering the period from Oct. 8, 1832, to Aug. 10, 1857.

A guide to executors and administrators in the settlement of the estates of deceased persons within the State of Ohio, to which is prefixed a brief comment upon the statute of wills /

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local records; or, Historical register of remarkable events, which have occurred in Northumberland and Durham, Newcastle upon Tyne, and Berwick upon Tweed, from the earliest period of authentic record, to the present time; with biographical notices of deceased persons of talent, eccentricity, and longevity.

For continuation to 1857 see Latimer, John, Local records.

The probate law and practice of California : containing all the statutes of the state, relating to probate courts and the jurisdiction thereof, the settlement of estates of deceased persons, the duties of guardians, descents, wills, etc., etc. : with judicial decisions of this and other states, and an appendix of forms /

Includes index.

Responsabilidade civil por danos à pessoa humana oriundos do uso de perfis falsos em sites de redes sociais

As transformações sociais advindas da popularização de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) como a Internet são flagrantes. E a regulamentação destas novas práticas deve ser condizente com as peculiaridades das relações jurídicas desenvolvidas neste âmbito. Este trabalho visa analisar o problema da responsabilidade civil por danos à pessoa humana sofridos no âmbito dos sites de redes sociais pela criação e uso de perfis falsos. Assim, primeiramente, faz-se uma análise introdutória do fenômeno da Internet e das visões sobre as possíveis formas de regulamentação jurídica das condutas praticadas por meio da Rede. Posteriormente, adstringe-se à temática dos danos morais, buscando-se conceituá-los sob a ótica civil constitucional, como danos à pessoa humana. Finalmente, chega-se ao estudo dos perfis falsos, enfrentando-se a problemática dos danos morais sofridos por seu manejo. São desdobradas em três subproblemas: se são ou não capazes civilmente os usuários, chegando-se ao estudo dos perfis de menores de idade; se existem ou não as pessoas representadas nos perfis, subdividindo-se a análise nas hipóteses de perfis criados em roubo de identidade e perfis que representem criações intelectuais e; se estão ou não vivas as pessoas descritas nos perfis, trazendo-se à baila a hipótese dos perfis de pessoas falecidas.

Reliance on internal autopsies in coronial investigations : a review of the issues

Internal autopsies are invasive and result in the mutilation of the deceased person’s body. They are expensive and pose occupational health and safety risks. Accordingly, they should only be done for good cause. However, until recently, “full” internal autopsies have usually been undertaken in most coroners’ cases. There is a growing trend against this practice but it is meeting resistance from some pathologists who argue that any decision as to the extent of the autopsy should rest with them. This paper examines the origins of the coronial system to place in context the current approach to a death investigation and to review the debate about the role of an internal autopsy in the coronial system.

Del sueño cartesiano a la muerte encefálica

Resumen: Entre el sueño y la muerte hay “sólo una distancia”. El dormir encierra un misterio que se aviva con los sueños y, al parecer, habrían prefigurado al mismo método científico moderno. Descartes pensó que en sus sueños se transmitía el espíritu de la verdad. El alma soñadora e inmortal adquirió notoriedad en su dualismo, al tiempo que dejó de asociársela con la muerte. Tres siglos después, la medicina permitió identificar individuos que estaban muertos, aunque pareciesen dormidos (coma dépassé). Así reapareció la asociación sueño-muerte, pero ahora con médicos provistos del “diagnóstico anátomo-clínico” que, por su herencia cartesiana, demandará evidencias. La duda metódica integrada al pensamiento científico, aportaría incertidumbre a las formulaciones cerebrales de la muerte. Este trabajo repasa el valor de los sueños para el pensamiento occidental, busca al “hombre-máquina” dentro de los criterios neurológicos del fallecido y, con la ayuda de la Filosofía, intenta comprender algunas objeciones en torno a la licitud del diagnóstico de “muerte encefálica”. Se propone una revisión sucinta de la obra del filósofo francés y su reflejo en aspectos del debate ofrecido por la literatura médica.

Les dispositions spéciales de la lex situs en droit international privé des successions

Les « dispositions successorales spéciales » de la lex situs apportent une exception particulière au système unitaire de la loi applicable à la succession. Leur reconnaissance dans le récent Règlement du Parlement européen et du Conseil relatif à la compétence, la loi applicable, la reconnaissance et l'exécution des décisions, et l'acceptation et l'exécution des actes authentiques en matière de successions et à la création d'un certificat successoral européen du 4 juillet 2012 témoigne de l’importance et de l’actualité de cette prévision normative. L’exception trouve sa source dans l’article 15 de la Convention du 1er août 1989 sur la loi applicable aux successions à cause de mort, formule qui fut suivi par l’article 3099 al. 2 du Code civil du Québec. La conception originaire de la règle se situe à l’article 28 de la Loi d’introduction au Code civil allemand de 1896. Ces législations reconnaissent la nécessité de respecter certaines dérogations aux règles successorales ordinaires dont le contenu matériel justifie une rupture exceptionnelle de l’unité de la succession internationale. Ainsi, l’opposition traditionnelle entre le système scissionniste qui divise la loi applicable à la succession en fonction de la nature mobilière ou immobilière des biens et celui qui postule l’unité législative trouve dans le respect des « dispositions spéciales » de la lex rei sitae régissant certains biens de la succession un facteur conciliateur. Il s’agit de respecter un minimum normatif de la loi de l’État où sont situés certains biens de la succession malgré la compétence générale d’une lex successionis étrangère. Ce bloc normatif irréductible se présente comme un pont qui relie les deux solutions extrêmes dans une position intermédiaire où il n’y a plus de scission au sens classique du terme mais où l’unité est néanmoins brisée en raison de certaines considérations substantielles tirées de la destination des biens.

Drifting of teeth in the mandible studied in adult human autopsy material

Increase in lower anterior crowding is a general problem among adult Caucasians. The tooth movement responsible for this phenomenon, however, is not fully elucidated. Aim of this study was to describe signs of ongoing tooth movement reflected in the thickness of the bundle bone around mandibular teeth and the distribution of eroding surfaces of the alveolar wall in human autopsy material. The distribution of bundle bone and eroding surfaces was assessed histomorphometrically on 106 mandibular teeth, and the surrounding bone obtained at autopsy from 35 deceased persons ranging from 19 to 55 years of age. By examining the mesio-distal and bucco-lingual aspects at the cervical and apical levels of the roots, a pattern of tooth movements could be established. The distribution of the bundle bone thickness and the vectors of eroding surfaces enabled the direction of tooth movement to be reconstructed. Mesial and lingual displacement was prevalent for the anterior teeth. The signs of ongoing displacement of lower teeth support the concept of crowding occurring in adult individuals and support the maintenance of retainers, even following cessation of growth.

Hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of barbiturates in whole blood samples

Here, we present a method for measuring barbiturates (butalbital, secobarbital, pentobarbital, and phenobarbital) in whole blood samples. To accomplish these measurements, analytes were extracted by means of hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction in the three-phase mode. Hollow-fiber pores were filled with decanol, and a solution of sodium hydroxide (pH 13) was introduced into the lumen of the fiber (acceptor phase). The fiber was submersed in the acidified blood sample, and the system was subjected to an ultrasonic bath. After a 5 min extraction, the acceptor phase was withdrawn from the fiber and dried under a nitrogen stream. The residue was reconstituted with ethyl acetate and trimethylanilinium hydroxide. An aliquot of 1.0 mu L of this solution was injected into the gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, with the derivatization reaction occurring in the hot injector port (flash methylation). The method proved to be simple and rapid, and only a small amount of organic solvent (decanol) was needed for extraction. The detection limit was 0.5 mu g/mL for all the analyzed barbiturates. The calibration curves were linear over the specified range (1.0 to 10.0 mu g/mL). This method was successfully applied to postmortem samples (heart blood and femoral blood) collected from three deceased persons previously exposed to barbiturates.

Extended CT scale overcomes restoration caused streak artifacts for dental identification in CT--3D color encoded automatic discrimination of dental restorations

OBJECTIVE: Besides DNA, dental radiographs play a major role in the identification of victims in mass casualties or in corpses with major postmortem alterations. Computed tomography (CT) is increasingly applied in forensic investigations and is used to scan the dentition of deceased persons within minutes. We investigated different restoration materials concerning their radiopacity in CT for dental identification purposes. METHODS: Extracted teeth with different filling materials (composite, amalgam, ceramic, temporary fillings) were CT scanned. Radiopacities of the filling materials were analyzed in extended CT scale images. RESULTS: Radiopacity values ranged from 6000-8500HU (temporary fillings), 4500-17000HU (composite fillings) and >30710HU (Amalgam and Gold). The values were used to define presets for a 3D colored volume rendering software. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of filling material caused streak artifacts could be distinctively reduced for the assessment of the dental status and a postprocessing algorithm was introduced that allows for 3D color encoded visualization and discrimination of different dental restorations based on postmortem CT data.

Estimation of sex and age of "virtual skeletons"--a feasibility study

This article presents a feasibility study with the objective of investigating the potential of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) to estimate the bone age and sex of deceased persons. To obtain virtual skeletons, the bodies of 22 deceased persons with known age at death were scanned by MDCT using a special protocol that consisted of high-resolution imaging of the skull, shoulder girdle (including the upper half of the humeri), the symphysis pubis and the upper halves of the femora. Bone and soft-tissue reconstructions were performed in two and three dimensions. The resulting data were investigated by three anthropologists with different professional experience. Sex was determined by investigating three-dimensional models of the skull and pelvis. As a basic orientation for the age estimation, the complex method according to Nemeskéri and co-workers was applied. The final estimation was effected using additional parameters like the state of dentition, degeneration of the spine, etc., which where chosen individually by the three observers according to their experience. The results of the study show that the estimation of sex and age is possible by the use of MDCT. Virtual skeletons present an ideal collection for anthropological studies, because they are obtained in a non-invasive way and can be investigated ad infinitum.

Postmortem multislice computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of odontoid fractures, atlantoaxial distractions and ascending medullary edema

Non-invasive imaging methods are increasingly entering the field of forensic medicine. Facing the intricacies of classical neck dissection techniques, postmortem imaging might provide new diagnostic possibilities which could also improve forensic reconstruction. The aim of this study was to determine the value of postmortem neck imaging in comparison to forensic autopsy regarding the evaluation of the cause of death and the analysis of biomechanical aspects of neck trauma. For this purpose, 5 deceased persons (1 female and 4 male, mean age 49.8 years, range 20-80 years) who had suffered odontoid fractures or atlantoaxial distractions with or without medullary injuries, were studied using multislice computed tomography (MSCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and subsequent forensic autopsy. Evaluation of the findings was performed by radiologists, forensic pathologists and neuropathologists. The cause of death could be established radiologically in three of the five cases. MRI data were insufficient due to metal artefacts in one case, and in another, ascending medullary edema as the cause of delayed death was only detected by histological analysis. Regarding forensic reconstruction, the imaging methods were superior to autopsy neck exploration in all cases due to the post-processing possibilities of viewing the imaging data. In living patients who suffer medullary injury, follow-up MRI should be considered to exclude ascending medullary edema.

Variation of cell and matrix morphologies in articular cartilage among locations in the adult human knee

OBJECTIVE: Understanding of articular cartilage physiology, remodelling mechanisms, and evaluation of tissue engineering repair methods requires reference information regarding normal structural organization. Our goals were to examine the variation of cartilage cell and matrix morphology in different topographical areas of the adult human knee joint. METHODS: Osteochondral explants were acquired from seven distinct anatomical locations of the knee joints of deceased persons aged 20-40 years and prepared for analysis of cell, matrix and tissue morphology using confocal microscopy and unbiased stereological methods. Differences between locations were identified by statistical analysis. RESULTS: Medial femoral condyle cartilage had relatively high cell surface area per unit tissue volume in the superficial zone. In the transitional zone, meniscus-covered lateral tibia cartilage showed elevated chondrocyte densities compared to the rest of the knee while lateral femoral condyle cartilage exhibited particularly large chondrocytes. Statistical analyses indicated highly uniform morphology throughout the radial zone (lower 80% of cartilage thickness) in the knee, and strong similarities in cell and matrix morphologies among cartilage from the femoral condyles and also in the mediocentral tibial plateau. Throughout the adult human knee, the mean matrix volume per chondron was remarkably constant at approximately 224,000 microm(3), corresponding to approximately 4.6 x 10(6) chondrons per cm(3). CONCLUSIONS: The uniformity of matrix volume per chondron throughout the adult human knee suggests that cell-scale biophysical and metabolic constraints may place limitations on cartilage thickness, mechanical properties, and remodelling mechanisms. Data may also aid the evaluation of cartilage tissue engineering treatments in a site-specific manner. Results indicate that joint locations which perform similar biomechanical functions have similar cell and matrix morphologies; findings may therefore also provide clues to understanding conditions under which focal lesions leading to osteoarthritis may occur.