Meta-analysis of mould and dampness exposure on asthma and allergy in eight European birth cohorts: an ENRIECO initiative

Background:  Several cross-sectional studies during the past 10 years have observed an increased risk of allergic outcomes for children living in damp or mouldy environments. Objective:  The objective of this study was to investigate whether reported mould or dampness exposure in early life is associated with the development of allergic disorders in children from eight European birth cohorts. Methods:  We analysed data from 31 742 children from eight ongoing European birth cohorts. Exposure to mould and allergic health outcomes were assessed by parental questionnaires at different time points. Meta-analyses with fixed- and random-effect models were applied. The number of the studies included in each analysis varied based on the outcome data available for each cohort. Results:  Exposure to visible mould and/or dampness during first 2 years of life was associated with an increased risk of developing asthma: there was a significant association with early asthma symptoms in meta-analyses of four cohorts [0–2 years: adjusted odds ratios (aOR), 1.39 (95%CI, 1.05–1.84)] and with asthma later in childhood in six cohorts [6–8 years: aOR, 1.09(95%CI, 0.90–1.32) and 3–10 years: aOR, 1.10 (95%CI, 0.90–1.34)]. A statistically significant association was observed in six cohorts with symptoms of allergic rhinitis at school age [6–8 years: aOR, 1.12 (1.02–1.23)] and at any time point between 3 and 10 years [aOR, 1.18 (1.09–1.28)]. Conclusion:  These findings suggest that a mouldy home environment in early life is associated with an increased risk of asthma particularly in young children and allergic rhinitis symptoms in school-age children.

Symptoms after mould exposure including Stachybotrys chartarum, and comparison with darkroom disease

P>Background: Mould-attributed symptoms have included features which overlap with unexplained syndromes such as sick building syndrome. Objectives: We describe questionnaire and chart review findings in patients following exposure to moulds which include Stachybotrys and compare responses with two control groups. Methods: Thirty-two patients presented with symptoms attributed to mould exposures. Exposure identification for 25 patients had reported S tachybotrys chartarum as well as other mould (Aspergillus, Penicillium), 88% at work. The remaining seven had professionally visualized or self-reported/photographic exposure evidence only. A chart review was performed and a follow-up with a questionnaire, including questions on current health status, and nonspecific symptoms. Results: Cough, shortness of breath and chest tightness (at presentation) were reported in 79%, 70% and 64%, respectively, and persisted > 6 weeks in 91%. Skin test(s) were positive to fungal extract(s) in 30%. Seventeen returned questionnaires were obtained 3.1 (SD 0.5) years after the initial clinic assessment. Among this subgroup, persisting asthma-like symptoms and symptoms suggestive of sick building syndrome were frequent, and similar to a group previously assessed for darkroom disease among medical radiation technologists. The mould-exposed group more commonly reported they were bothered when walking in a room with carpets, complained of a chemical or metallic taste in their mouth, and had problems in concentration when compared with a control physiotherapist group (P < 0.005). Conclusions: Although only a minority with health concerns from indoor mould exposure had demonstrable mould-allergy, a significant proportion had asthma-like symptoms. Other symptoms were also common and persistent after the initial implicated exposure.

Evaporation from porous building materials and its cooling potential

Evaporative cooling is a traditional strategy to improve summer comfort, which has gained renewed relevance in the context of the transition to a greener economy. Here, the potential for evaporative cooling of two common porous building materials, natural stone and ceramic brick, was evaluated. The work has relevance also to the protection of built heritage becauseevaporation underlies the problems of dampness and salt crystallization, which are so harmful and frequent in this heritage. It was observed that the drying rate of the materials is, in some cases, higher than the evaporation rate of a free water surface. Surface area measurements by a three-dimensional optical technique suggested, as probable cause of this behavior, that surface irregularity gives rise to a large effective surface of evaporation in the material. Surface temperature measurements by infrared were performed afterward during evaporation experiments outside during a hot summer day in Lisbon. Their results indicate that ordinary building materials can be very efficient evaporative media and, thus, may help in achieving higher energy efficiency while maintaining a simultaneous constructive or architectural function.

Delimitation of kala-azar risk areas in the district of Vaishali in Bihar (India) using a geo-environmental approach

Remote sensing and geographical information technologies were used to discriminate areas of high and low risk for contracting kala-azar or visceral leishmaniasis. Satellite data were digitally processed to generate maps of land cover and spectral indices, such as the normalised difference vegetation index and wetness index. To map estimated vector abundance and indoor climate data, local polynomial interpolations were used based on the weightage values. Attribute layers were prepared based on illiteracy and the unemployed proportion of the population and associated with village boundaries. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to estimate the relationship between environmental variables and disease incidence across the study area. The cell values for each input raster in the analysis were assigned values from the evaluation scale. Simple weighting/ratings based on the degree of favourable conditions for kala-azar transmission were used for all the variables, leading to geo-environmental risk model. Variables such as, land use/land cover, vegetation conditions, surface dampness, the indoor climate, illiteracy rates and the size of the unemployed population were considered for inclusion in the geo-environmental kala-azar risk model. The risk model was stratified into areas of "risk"and "non-risk"for the disease, based on calculation of risk indices. The described approach constitutes a promising tool for microlevel kala-azar surveillance and aids in directing control efforts.

History of the Late War between Great Britain and the United States of America

History of the Late War between Great Britain and the United States of America by David Thompson, late of the Royal Scots, Niagara U.C. , 1832. There is an inscription in the front of the book which says “[illegible] Nelles, Grimsby and it is signed by Joseph Williams [?]” The book is stained from dampness, but this does not affect the text, 1832.

Facteurs environnementaux associés à un asthme mal maîtrisé chez les enfants montréalais

Problématique : Plusieurs expositions résidentielles ont été associées à la prévalence de l’asthme. Toutefois, peu d’études populationnelles ont examiné la relation entre ces facteurs et un asthme mal maîtrisé chez l’enfant. Objectif : Évaluer les facteurs environnementaux résidentiels associés à un asthme mal maîtrisé chez les enfants montréalais âgés de 6 mois à 12 ans. Méthodes : Les données sont tirées d’une enquête transversale menée en 2006 sur la santé respiratoire d’enfants montréalais âgés de 6 mois à 12 ans (n=7980). La maîtrise de l’asthme a été évaluée chez les enfants avec un asthme actif au cours de l’année précédent l’enquête (n=980) selon des critères recommandés par les lignes directrices canadiennes sur l’asthme. Les rapports de prévalence (RP) et les intervalles de confiance (IC) à 95 % caractérisant l’association entre les facteurs environnementaux, incluant la présence d’allergènes, d’irritants, d’humidité et de moisissures, et le risque d’un asthme mal maîtrisé ont été estimés à l’aide de modèles de régression log-binomiale. Les sujets avec une maîtrise acceptable de l’asthme ont été comparés à ceux dont la maladie était mal maîtrisée. Résultats : Des 980 enfants avec un asthme actif au cours de l’année précédant l’enquête, 36 % ont rencontré au moins un des critères des lignes directrices canadiennes suggérant un asthme mal maîtrisé. Les caractéristiques de la population associées à un asthme mal maîtrisé sont : un plus jeune âge, des antécédents d’atopie parentale, une faible scolarisation de la mère, une mère d’origine étrangère et le statut de locataire. Après ajustement pour l’âge de l’enfant, l’atopie parentale et l’exposition à la fumée de tabac au domicile, une intensité de trafic élevée à proximité du domicile (RP, 1,35; IC 95 %, 1,00-1,81) et la localisation au sous-sol de la chambre de l’enfant ou de sa résidence (RP 1,30; IC 95 %, 1,01-1,66) étaient associées à un risque accru d’asthme mal maîtrisé. Conclusions : Une maîtrise sous-optimale de l’asthme semble être associée à l’exposition au trafic routier et à des conditions d’humidité excessive et probablement de moisissures. Cette dernière exposition étant plus fréquente, elle a probablement un plus grand impact en matière de santé publique.

“Studies on new base materials for microcellular soles"

The most important part of any footwear is the sole (or sole and heel) which withstands all the hannful external factors such as rouglmess of the ground or road, sharp objects, thorns and stones, heat, dampness and cold during walking. The properties desirable in soling material, therefore, would be 1. lightness 2. resistance to wear and tear for long service life 3. flexibility/softness for wearing comfort 4. thennal insulation Rubber soling surpasses all other soling materials in better performance and lower cost. Because MC sole is soft and very light, and has good abrasion resistance, flex properties and set behaviour it has become very popular all over the world and demand for better quality product is ever increasing. Due to the traditional approach adopted by the footwear industry in foot wear design, the rubber based footwear export surprisingly contributes only a small percentage. The essence of success for any industry lies in the expansion of the export market. Microcellular soles are manufactured for the last three decades without much change in the traditional design and colour pattern. In recent years domestic customers have also started demanding better quality products. In view of the changing taste of the customer and growing competition from other countries, substantial improvement in the export potential will require new base materials for regular or fashion rubber based footwears. The main objective of the present study is to develop new base materials for making MC soles with good quality, viz., light weight, durability and bright colours

Caracterización de las concentraciones en aire de bioaerosoles cultivables y contables en sistemas de ventilación mecánica de edificaciones administrativas en la ciudad de Bogotá en el periodo 2012 2013

Un problema de salud ambiental relevante es la contaminación del aire generado por diferentes factores, uno de ellos es la carga microbiana. El estudio evidencia la presencia de estos contaminantes del aire como son los bioaerosoles cultivables y contables en las áreas de los edificios administrativos estudiados la cual podría afectar la calidad del aire interior. Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal que permitió conocer y establecer las características de la carga microbiana presente relacionada con bioaerosoles cultivables y contables en los sistemas de ventilación mecánica en tres edificios administrativos de la ciudad de Bogotá en el periodo 2012 a 2013 y, la asociación o no entre variables de interés. Los bioaerosoles cultivables y contables encontrados con mayores porcentajes en las muestras tomadas fueron comunes a los tres edificios así: Aspergillus sp. se encontró en el 77,2% (61) de las muestras para el edifico uno, mientras que para el dos fue de 91% (30) de las muestras y para el edificio tres 100% (19) de las muestras tomadas; seguido por el género Penicillium sp. del cual se encontró 60,8% (48) de las muestras para el edificio uno, para el edificio dos 87,9% (29) de las muestras y para el edificio tres 94,7% (18) de las muestras. Otro género encontrado en porcentajes altos en los tres edificios fue el Cladosporium sp. , en el edificio uno 41,8% (33) de las muestras, mientras que para el edificio dos correspondió al 100% (33) de las muestra y finalmente para el edificio tres 84,2% (16) de las muestras analizadas. Los hallazgos se correlacionan con lo reportado por la literatura.

Determinação dos períodos críticos de interferência das plantas daninhas sobre o milho (Zea mays L. cv C333) em função da redução de espaçamento da cultura

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Qualidade de caqui armazenado sob refrigeração: estádios de maturação, destanização e irradiação ionizante

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência de materiais de cobertura e de alturas de cama, nos índices de conforto térmico e no desempenho de frangos de corte, em Dourados - MS

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Biodigestão anaeróbia e características de cama de frangos obtida sob diferentes quantidades iniciais de casca de arroz e três tipos de cobertura de galpões em Dourados - MS

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Avaliação do desgalhador florestal de discos em função de diferentes teores de umidade da madeira de eucalipto

Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

Abundance of plant macrofossils, mollusca and ostracoda in sediments obtained near Tessin, north Germany

A depression filled with Late Glacial and Holocene sediments was excavated during the geological exploration and recovery of a dump area near Tessin close to Rostock, and initiated the studies of the present paper. Pebble analysis of three exposed or respectively drilled till horizons as well as pollenanalytical, carpological and faunistical studies carried out allow the stratigraphical subdivision of the Quaternary sequence of the dump area. The basal till was probably the result of dead ice decay, and was lithostratigraphically assigned to the Pomerian Stage (qw2). The palynological results of boreholes RKS 19/93 and A/92 reveal pre-Allerod and other sediments instead of the expected interweichselian deposits. Based on the palynological and carpological findings, we correlated the beginning of the late glacial development in the locality with the end of the Meiendorf-lnterstadial sensu Menke in Bock et al. (1985, doi:10.3285/eg.35.1.18). The limnic-telmatic sedimentation could be observed pollen floristically probably starting with the Meiendorf-lnterstadial (Hippophae-Betula nana-phase) followed by the Bolling-(Betula nana-B. alba s.l.-Artemisia-Helianthemum-Poaceae-phase) and the Allerad-lnterstadial [Betula alba s.l.-(Pinus)-Cyperaceae-phase] lasting up to the Younger Dryas (Juniperus-Artemisia-Poaceae-phase). Sedimentation closed during the Younger Dryas with the accumulation of fine sands. It was reactivated later during the Holocene due to the anthropogene influence (Older and Younger Subatlantic, dampness of the depression by clearing).