Modernització d'un equip de DTA per a mesures d'estabilitat tèrmica de polímers

L’objectiu del projecte ha estat modernitzar un equip d’anàlisi tèrmica diferencial (DTA) realitzant un programa informàtic mitjançant Labview per programar un controlador PID Eurotherm model 3216 d'un forn NETZSCH 6.231.0 i adquisició de dades mitjançant targeta NI-9211. S’ha comprovat que el programa informàtic funciona correctament realitzant assaigs d'anàlisi tèrmic diferencial d'alguns polímers. El programa i cada un dels equips s’han implementat en el laboratori, s’ha calibrat el sistema i s’han realitzat diversos assaigs experimentals comprovant el seu correcte funcionament. S’han repetit els assaigs per comprovar la reproducibilitat i s’han comparat els resultats amb gràfics realitzats amb altres equips comprovant la correlació dels resultats obtinguts. Es fa constar que no és objectiu d’aquest projecte optimitzar la senyal ni l’estudi de propietats de les mostres assajades sinó comprovar el correcte funcionament del programa informàtic creat per controlar el forn i adquirir dades.

Estudo da estabilidade térmica de óleos e gorduras vegetais por TG/DTG e DTA

Óleos e gorduras vegetais são muito ultilizados pela indústria alimentícia e farmacêutica, tem exigido de pesquisadores e técnicos métodos analíticos capazes de avaliar as condições de processamento e estocagem. A estabilidade térmica de óleos vegetais é um fator determinante na sua qualidade. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a estabilidade térmica de óleos e gorduras vegetais extraídos de semente de plantas do cerrado ( araticum, babaçu, buriti, guariroba e murici) usando os resultados de TG, DTG e DTA, numa faixa de temperatura entre 30 e 650ºC, em atmosfera de nitrogênio, com razão de aquecimento de 10ºC min-1. As técnicas termoanalíticas utilizadas mostraram-se eficientes e rápidas na determinação da estabilidade térmica dos óleos e gorduras estudados.

La nutrition des personnes âgées en stades précoces de la démence du type Alzheimer (DTA) : exploration du rôle du proche aidant et des répercussions sur sa santé

Contexte : La détérioration de l’état nutritionnel liée à la perte d’autonomie qui accompagne l’évolution de la démence du type Alzheimer (DTA) peut être limitée par un proche aidant efficace. À long terme, le rôle soignant du proche aidant peut affecter sa propre santé physique et psychologique. Objectifs : (1) décrire les caractéristiques sociodémographiques des patients et de leurs proches aidants; (2) examiner l’évolution de la maladie et des variables à l’étude au cours de la période de suivi; (3) explorer la relation possible entre le fardeau perçu du proche aidant, l’état nutritionnel des patients et la stabilité du poids corporel du proche aidant. Hypothèses : L’absence du fardeau chez l’aidant est associée à un meilleur état nutritionnel chez le patient; la détérioration de la fonction cognitive chez le patient s’accompagne d’une augmentation du fardeau perçu par l’aidant; la dégradation du fardeau chez l’aidant conduit à sa perte de poids. Méthode : Les données analysées proviennent de l’étude « Nutrition-mémoire » menée entre 2003 et 2006 dans les trois cliniques de cognition situées dans des hôpitaux universitaires à Montréal. Quarante-deux patients avec une DTA probable vivant dans la communauté et leurs aidants ont été suivis en dyades pendant une période de dix-huit mois. Les analyses ont porté sur les données colligées du recrutement à douze mois plus tard en raison du nombre restreint des patients interviewés à la dernière mesure. La relation entre le fardeau de l’aidant et les variables caractérisant l’état nutritionnel chez les patients a été évaluée à l’aide des analyses de corrélations, du test khi-carré ou du test de Fisher. L’état cognitif des patients était évalué à l’aide du score au Mini-Mental State Examination, le fardeau de l’aidant était estimé par le score au « Zarit Burden Interview », l’état nutritionnel des patients était défini par la suffisance en énergie et en protéines, le score à l’outil de dépistage nutritionnel des aînés, le poids et l’indice de masse corporelle des patients. Résultats : Le fardeau perçu des aidants était associé à la suffisance en énergie chez les patients. Le nombre de patients ayant des apports insuffisants en énergie était plus important chez les dyades où les aidants percevaient un fardeau plus élevé. Toutefois, aucune association n’a été observée entre le fardeau des aidants et le risque nutritionnel ou la suffisance en protéines chez les patients. La détérioration de la fonction cognitive des patients ne semble pas avoir provoqué une augmentation du fardeau chez leurs aidants. De plus, l’augmentation du fardeau de l’aidant n’était pas accompagnée d’une perte de son poids corporel. Par ailleurs, un fardeau plus important a été observé chez les aidants des patients obèses ou présentant un embonpoint. Conclusion : La réduction du fardeau perçu des aidants permettrait d’améliorer les apports alimentaires des patients et ainsi de limiter ou minimiser le risque de détérioration de leur état nutritionnel et de perte de poids.

DTA : discriminador de tráfego ATM

As redes ATM têm se constituído na solução tecnológica ideal para o desenvolvimento da RDSI-FL. O ATM foi desenvolvido para dar suporte, com altas velocidades e com garantia de qualidade, a uma ampla variedade de serviços. A demanda por serviços de comunicação de dados, em velocidades maiores do que as redes de pacotes atuais são capazes de oferecer, tem crescido rapidamente, estimulando o desenvolvimento da tecnologia ATM, que tem sido muito promissora, devida a sua flexibilidade e eficiência. Para dar suporte à comunicação de dados em redes ATM, foram desenvolvidas soluções, como a emulação de redes locais (LANE), a interconexão de redes locais (LAN) e metropolitanas (MAN), e o protocolo IP sobre ATM. O ATM utiliza multiplexação estatística (assíncrona) para inserir os dados nos canais de comunicação de forma otimizada. Esta técnica, permite atender uma quantidade maior de fontes heterogêneas sob num único canal, porém, pode causar congestionamento na rede. O uso da multiplexação estatística, aliada à necessidade de garantir níveis de qualidade diferentes, para cada tipo de serviço, torna necessária a adoção de uma combinação de técnicas de controle de tráfego e congestionamento. Com este propósito, foram desenvolvidos diversas funções e mecanismos, como, por exemplo, controle de acesso (CAC), controle dos parâmetros de uso (UPC), descarte seletivo de células e conformação de tráfego (TS), os quais necessitam conhecer as características do tráfego emitido pela fonte. Por esta razão, toda e qualquer conexão ATM está associada a um contrato de tráfego, que especifica as exigências do usuário, quanto à qualidade de serviço (QoS) a ser oferecida pela rede, através de um descritor de tráfego. O trabalho apresentado nesta dissertação, tem por objetivo propor uma metodologia capaz de discriminar um fluxo de células ATM arbitrário, visando a obter os parâmetros descritores de UPC do mesmo. A discriminação de tráfego é relevante à medida que todos os usuários de redes ATM necessitam, de alguma forma, determinar os parâmetros que caracterizam seu fluxo, para poder negociar o contrato de trafego. Infelizmente, a maioria das aplicações ATM, não tem condições prévias de fornecer dados sobre o comportamento do fluxo que geram. Para estas situações, estamos propondo um Discriminador de Tráfego ATM (DTA), que infere a partir de uma amostra inicial do fluxo um conjunto mais provável de parâmetros, os quais constituirão o descritor de tráfego da fonte (STD).

Caracterização térmica (TG/DTG, DTA, DSC, DSC-fotovisual) de Hormônios bioidênticos (estriol estradiol)

Bioidentical hormones are defined as compounds that have exactly the same chemical and molecular structure as hormones that are produced in the human body. It is believed that the use of hormones may be safer and more effective than the non-bioidentical hormones, because binding to receptors in the organism would be similar to the endogenous hormone. Bioidentical estrogens have been used in menopausal women, as an alternative to traditional hormone replacement therapy. Thermal data of these hormones are scarce in literature. Thermal analysis comprises a group of techniques that allows evaluating the physical-chemistry properties of a drug, while the drug is subjected to a controlled temperature programming. The thermal techniques are used in pharmaceutical studies for characterization of drugs, purity determination, polymorphism identification, compatibility and evaluation of stability. This study aims to characterize the bioidentical hormones estradiol and estriol through thermal techniques TG/DTG, DTA, DSC, DSC-photovisual. By the TG curves analysis was possible to calculated kinetic parameters for the samples. The kinetic data showed that there is good correlation in the different models used. For both estradiol and estriol, was found zero order reaction, which enabled the construction of the vapor pressure curves. Data from DTA and DSC curves of melting point and purity are the same of literature, showed relation with DSC-photovisual results. The analysis DTA curves showed the fusion event had the best linearity for both hormones. In the evaluation of possible degradation products, the analysis of the infrared shows no degradation products in the solid state

Contribuições sobre estudos térmicos (TG/DTG, DTA, DSC e DSC-Fotovisual) da rifampicina e seus principais produtos de degradação

Since its synthesis over 48 years rifampicin has been extensively studied. The literature reports the characterization of thermal events for rifampicin in nitrogen atmosphere, however, no characterization in synthetic air atmosphere. This paper aims to contribute to the thermal study of rifampicin through thermal (TG / DTG, DTA, DSC and DSC - FOTOVISUAL ) and non-thermal (HPLC, XRPD , IR - FTIR , PCA) and its main degradation products ( rifampicin quinone , rifampicin N-oxide 3- formylrifamicin). Rifampicin study was characterized as polymorph form II from techniques DSC, IR and XRPD. TG curves for rifampicin in synthetic air atmosphere showed higher thermal stability than those in N2, when analyzed Ti and Ea. There was characterized as overlapping events melting and recrystallization under N2 with weight loss in the TG curve, suggesting concomitant decomposition. Images DSCFotovisual showed no fusion event and showed darkening of the sample during analysis. The DTA curve in synthetic air atmosphere was visually different from DTA and DSC curves under N2, suggesting the absence of recrystallization and melting or presence only decomposition. The IV - FTIR analysis along with PCA analysis and HPLC and thermal data suggest that rifampicin for their fusion is concomitant decomposition of the sample in N2 and fusion events and recrystallization do not occur in synthetic air atmosphere. Decomposition products studied in an air atmosphere showed no melting event and presented simultaneously to the decomposition initiation of heating after process loss of water and / or solvent, varying the Ti initiating events. The Coats - Redfern , Madsudhanan , Van Krevelen and Herwitz - Mertzger kinetic parameters for samples , through the methods of OZAWA , in an atmosphere of synthetic air and / or N2 rifampicin proved more stable than its degradation products . The kinetic data showed good correlation between the different models employed. In this way we contribute to obtaining information that may assist studies of pharmaceutical compatibility and stability of substances

Estudo da estabilidade térmica de óleos e gorduras vegetais por TG/DTG e DTA

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The mégha dúta, or, cloud messenger : a poem, in the Sanscrit language /

Translation of: Meghadūta.

TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS OF SEVERAL DYNAMIC LANE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR CONGESTION MITIGATION BASED ON DTA MODEL

Persistent daily congestion has been increasing in recent years, particularly along major corridors during selected periods in the mornings and evenings. On certain segments, these roadways are often at or near capacity. However, a conventional Predefined control strategy did not fit the demands that changed over time, making it necessary to implement the various dynamical lane management strategies discussed in this thesis. Those strategies include hard shoulder running, reversible HOV lanes, dynamic tolls and variable speed limit. A mesoscopic agent-based DTA model is used to simulate different strategies and scenarios. From the analyses, all strategies aim to mitigate congestion in terms of the average speed and average density. The largest improvement can be found in hard shoulder running and reversible HOV lanes while the other two provide more stable traffic. In terms of average speed and travel time, hard shoulder running is the most congested strategy for I-270 to help relieve the traffic pressure.

Síntese, caracterização e análise térmica dos sais de lítio, sódio e potássio do ácido palmítico e do seu éster etílico

Alkaline salts of the palmitic acid were synthesized and characterized from aqueous and ethanolic medium. The salts were characterized by elemental analysis (EA) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). EA and IR, being its synthesis comproved, also characterized the ethyl palmitate. All the salts and the ester were submitted to thermal analysis using thermogravimetry (TG), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) in the temperature ranging from room to 700 ºC under air dynamic atmosphere. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were taken from -90 ºC up to temperatures close to the starting of the decomposition temperature, determined by thermogravimetry, using heating and cooling cycles.

Microstructural Evidence of beta Co(2)Si- phase Stability in the Co-Si System

The aim of this work was to verify the stability of the beta Co(2)Si phase in the Co-Si system. The samples were produced via arc-melting and characterized through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). The results have confirmed the stability of the beta Co(2)Si phase, however, a modification of the shape of beta CoSi phase field is proposed in order to fully explain the results.

Study of soils by thermal analysis

The study of soils is very important in the geological and geological engineering researches. A study of ten samples of soils was carried out by thermal analysis, and X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry to understand soil evolution in Angra dos Reis region, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The sample collection sites were chosen based on geological characteristics, the soil layer thickness, the soil composition pattern, and whether or not it was moved either by erosion or by gravitational shifts. Because of the humid tropical climatic condition, natural soils tend to show great thickness of weathered mantles with formation of saprolites and saprolite soils. Kaolinite is an important secondary mineral which can be formed from many different minerals, like k-mica and k-feldspar and can be weathered to gibbsite. The results from TG/DTG and DTA indicated which soils had more weathering, and the same results were obtained by XRF, when silica/aluminum ratios from samples are compared with thermal analysis results.

Toluene and naphthalene sorption by iron oxide/clay composites

Commercial bentonite (BFN) and organoclay (WS35), as well as iron oxide/clay composite (Mag_BFN) and iron/oxide organoclay composite (Mag_S35) were prepared for toluene and naphthalene sorption. Mag_BFN and Mag_S35 were obtained, respectively, by the precipitation of iron oxide hydrates onto sodium BFN and S35 clay particles. The materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), and TG and DTA. From XRF results and TG data on calcined mass basis, a quantitative method was developed to estimate the iron compound contents of the composites, as well as the organic matter content present in WS35 and Mag_S35.