Análisis de las relaciones bilaterales entre Francia y Argelia, antes y después de la Declaración de Argel de 2002 (1997-2007)

En este caso de estudio se analiza las relaciones bilaterales entre Francia y Argelia basadas en los procesos migratorios dados entre estos dos países que dio paso a la ampliación de los temas incluidos en la agenda política como son la migración unido a la seguridad. Ampliando de esta manera los objetivos de la política migratoria y reforzando los controles fronterizos. Igualmente se vincula la migración con la cooperación y el desarrollo político, social, económico y cultural. Esto para obtener una movilidad migratoria más organizada y gestionada a través de las políticas migratorias y de seguridad para responder así a las necesidades tanto del país de origen de los migrantes (Argelia) como al país de acogida (Francia). Francia da apoyo a reformas políticas y económicas implementadas por Argelia, siendo una asociación que busca ventajas mutuas que permitan la definición y profundización de las relaciones bilaterales basadas en lo social, político y económico.

Transformación de las instituciones colombianas que garanticen los derechos de los refugiados colombianos en el ecuador (2002-2013)

El objetivo de este trabajo de grado es realizar un análisis sobre las transformaciones institucionales colombianas que garanticen los derechos de refugiados colombianos en el Ecuador. Se analizará desde el enfoque neo institucionalista de la Ciencia Política, como la realidad de los refugiados colombianos en el Ecuador incide en las trasformaciones de las instituciones colombianas al constituirse en actores estratégicos en la configuración de las políticas y la institucionalidad del Estado colombiano. Al ser este un estudio de caso, se abordarán trayectorias vitales y migratorias de connacionales refugiados en Ecuador, víctimas del desplazamiento forzado, como también versiones de las instituciones del gobierno colombiano y opiniones, reflexiones y prácticas de fundaciones, ONG e instituciones internacionales especializadas, desde un enfoque cualitativo de investigación.

Increasing socio-economic inequalities in drug-induced deaths in Australia : 1981-2002

Introduction and Aims: Since the 1990s illicit drug use death rates in Australia have increased markedly. There is a notable gap in knowledge about changing socio-economic inequalities in drug use death rates. Some limited Australian and overseas data point to higher rates of drug death in the lowest socio-economic groups, but the paucity of available studies and their sometimes conflicting findings need to be addressed. Design and Methods: This paper uses data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) to examine changes in age-standardised drug-induced mortality rates for Australian males over the period 1981 – 2002. Socio-economic status was categorised as manual or non-manual work status. Results: With the rapid increase in drug-induced mortality rates in the 1990s, there was a parallel increase in socio-economic inequalities in drug-induced deaths. The decline in drug death rates from 2000 onwards was associated with a decline in socio-economic inequalities. By 2002, manual workers had drug death rates well over twice the rate of non-manual workers. Discussion: Three factors are identified which contribute to these socio-economic inequalities in mortality. First, there has been an age shift in deaths evident only for manual workers. Secondly, there has been an increase in availability until 1999 and a relative decline in the cost of the drug, which most often leads to drug death (heroin). Thirdly, there has been a shift to amphetamine use which may lead to significant levels of morbidity, but few deaths. [Najman JM, Toloo G, Williams GM. Increasing socio-economic inequalities in drug-induced deaths in Australia: 1981–2002.

Mental harm, rescuers and the Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW)

At common law, a duty of care may be owed to a claimant who suffers nervous shock or pure mental harm due to witnessing, or hearing about, physical injury caused to another due to a defendant’s negligence. “Pure mental harm” is the ‘impairment of a person’s mental condition’ that is not suffered as a consequence of any other kind of personal injury to them. However, as many accidents have the potential to create a wide circle of mental suffering to bystanders, family members or others not physically injured themselves, it has traditionally been ‘thought impolitic that everybody so affected should be able to recover damages from the tortfeasor.’ ‘To allow such extended recovery would stretch liability too far.’ Nevertheless, whilst adopting a restrictive approach to liability, the common law courts have recognised that a defendant might owe a duty in relation to the pure mental harm suffered by one who foreseeably attends an accident scene to rescue another from a situation created by the defendant’s negligence.

Assigning metabolic equivalent (MET) values to the 2002 Census Occupational Classification System

Background: The Current Population Survey (CPS) and the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) use the 2002 census occupation system to classify workers into 509 separate occupations arranged into 22 major occupational categories. Methods: We describe the methods and rationale for assigning detailed MET estimates to occupations and present population estimates (comparing outputs generated by analysis of previously published summary MET estimates to the detailed MET estimates) of intensities of occupational activity using the 2003 ATUS data comprised of 20,720 respondents, 5,323 (2,917 males and 2,406 females) of whom reported working 6+ hours at their primary occupation on their assigned reporting day. Results: Analysis using the summary MET estimates resulted in 4% more workers in sedentary occupations, 6% more in light, 7% less in moderate, and 3% less in vigorous compared to using the detailed MET estimates. The detailed estimates are more sensitive to identifying individuals who do any occupational activity that is moderate or vigorous in intensity resulting in fewer workers in sedentary and light intensity occupations. Conclusions: Since CPS/ATUS regularly captures occupation data it will be possible to track prevalence of the different intensity levels of occupations. Updates will be required with inevitable adjustments to future occupational classification systems.

The last post? Tracking the Australasian to Aussie Post, 1864-2002

Aussie Post, the flagship of ocker Australiana, folded in January 2002. Post began life as the Australasian, a middlebrow magazine steeped in a nineteenth century civics of stable citizenship with a modicum of diversionary leisure. The transformation began when the Australasian became Australasian Post in 1946 under George Johnston's brief 15-week editorship. Johnston's idealistic vision of Post as a voice of post-war Australian modernity was soon overtaken by commercial imperatives as Post's identity wavered between its civic antecedents and a new low-brow populism, a niche it had finally settled into by the mid-1950s. This tension between staid civics and risqué populism shaped the magazine's long evolution into its final realisation of the pictorial general interest genre. This paper, based on a close examination of the magazines themselves, tracks Post's generic evolution and focuses on the struggle to redefine the magazine’s identity during the post-war period when the axis of Australian identity was reluctantly shifting from the staid traditions of Rule Britannia to the flashy modernity of Pax Americana.