Vem vänder vindarna? – Vem tänder stjärnorna? Några metodiska grepp i analysen av Eva Dahlgrens rocktexter

Abstract (Vem vänder vindarna ? – Vem tänder stjärnorna? Methodological choices in the analysis of Eva Dahlgren’s rock lyrics): This article deals with some methods I have found useful in analyzing the lyrics in rock music, particularly the lyrics by the Swedish singer songwriter Eva Dahlgren (born 1960). The article is based on my doctoral thesis in progress, dealing with the relationship between the lyrics (in particular the “I” of the lyrics), and the public persona of Eva Dahlgren, as well as the process of "doing Eva Dahlgren" (the constructing of her artist persona). I take my starting point in the lyrics of Dahlgren’s big hit "Vem tänder stjärnorna" (Dahlgren 1991). First, I discuss the themes of the lyrics, mostly the spiritual or religious themes. Second, I present and discuss the methods in my own work. The first method is inspired by conversational analysis, and is based on a transcription of the performed lyrics, with the aim of grasping the dialogues between the words and the music, more specifically Dahlgren’s use of voice. My other methods are related to my aim to describe Dahlgren’s public persona, and the construction of “Eva Dahlgren”. I have used concepts and models developed by the musicologist Laura Ahonen and literary scholar Karin Strand, in an effort to describe the many levels in Dahlgren’s (performed) “I” as well as the different actors in the process of shaping and reshaping images of Eva Dahlgren.

A leitura da tira de quadrinhos: para uma gramática contrastiva do não verbal com o verbal

O objetivo desta tese foi sugerir à prática didática subsídios que possam contribuir com a condução da leitura de Tiras de Quadrinhos. Promove-se a ideia de que é possível elaborar uma gramática contrastiva do não verbal a partir da gramática do verbal, na consideração de que a leitura da imagem deve estar maciçamente atrelada à vivência diária do ser humano. Perspectivas da Linguística textual, da Semiótica peirceana e da Gramática tradicional foram entrelaçadas para obter-se um suporte teórico julgado eficaz na sustentação da hipótese de que a leitura multifacetada oferecida pela Tira de Quadrinhos é promissora quanto à formação de leitores proficientes. Fazem parte dessa conjuntura a Análise da conversação, a Organicidade do tópico discursivo, a Iconicidade diagramática e focalizações fonéticas, morfológicas e sintáticas envolvidas pelo semântico. No amálgama da tradição com a modernidade, sugeriram-se análises e interpretações da imagem no contexto linguístico-textual. O corpus é constituído de Tiras de Quadrinhos, publicadas diariamente no jornal O Globo, referentemente ao período de cinco anos, de 2005 a 2009

Espanhol língua estrangeira em intercompreensão : uma proposta de integração curricular

O presente relatório de estágio resulta de um trabalho implementado numa turma do 10.º ano, no Agrupamento de Escolas Martinho Árias – Soure, no ano letivo de 2013/2014, desenvolvido no âmbito do lote 7 (Inserção Curricular da Intercompreensão) do projeto europeu MIRIADI (http://miriadi.net/elgg/miriadi/home). Atendendo às diretrizes provindas das instituições europeias sobre educação em línguas (estrangeiras), as abordagens plurilingues têm vindo a ganhar terreno em Didática das Línguas. Entre estas abordagens, destacamos a intercompreensão, que tem adquirido alguma notoriedade, nomeadamente ao nível investigativo. Contudo, ao nível escolar, tem encontrado alguma relutância à sua circulação. Deste modo, após apresentarmos algumas definições da noção, as suas mais-valias e os entraves que se têm colocado a esta abordagem didática, fazemos uma breve caracterização de alguns projetos em intercompreensão. Partindo desta descrição teórica, elaborámos um projeto com características de investigação-ação, envolvendo o recurso a uma plataforma informática de prática da intercompreensão, a plataforma Galanet (http://galanet.eu/), tendo em vista identificar as possibilidades de integração de um projeto em intercompreensão em aula de Espanhol Língua Estrangeira (ELE). Pretendíamos, ainda, averiguar vantagens e constrangimentos na participação dos alunos numa sessão da plataforma. Para tal, recolhemos dados provenientes de dois inquéritos por questionário distribuídos aos alunos, de fichas de trabalho e de exercícios de expressão escrita realizados em sala de aula, bem como da análise conversacional de mensagens síncronas e assíncronas trocadas durante a referida sessão. A análise dos dados recolhidos, ainda que limitados face ao número de alunos participantes (oito alunos), permitiu-nos concluir que os princípios e objetivos da plataforma Galanet se coadunam com os objetivos propostos pelo currículo de ELE da turma objeto de intervenção. Além disso, os alunos identificaram ganhos com a sua participação, não só ao nível da sua aprendizagem de espanhol, como também ao nível metalinguístico, metacognitivo e sociocultural.

La parole en action : dissensus sur les accommodements raisonnables lors des auditions en commission parlementaire au Québec (2010-2011)

La question du pluralisme religieux est au Québec, l’objet de désaccords et de variations dans son mode de régulation et ses instruments d’action publique. La consultation publique sur le projet loi n° 94, Loi établissant les balises encadrant les demandes d’accommodement dans l’Administration gouvernementale et dans certains établissements, est au cœur de ceux-ci. En se basant sur l’analyse des séances d’auditions publiques en commission parlementaire qui ont eu lieu au Québec entre mai 2010 et janvier 2011 sur le projet de loi n° 94, cette thèse vise à interroger les enjeux liés à la publicisation des prises de positions et de l’échange d’arguments entre différents acteurs. À partir d’une méthodologie par théorisation enracinée et d’un cadre conceptuel qui se rattache à la communication publique, cette thèse cherche à mettre en évidence quelques-unes des propriétés des interactions verbales et non verbales qui composent et incarnent cette activité délibérative. Elle approche ces interactions du point de vue de leur publicisation en s’appuyant sur deux principes : la participation publique en tant qu’un instant de la construction du problème public et l’audition publique en commission parlementaire comme maillon d’un réseau dialogique qui participe à la publicisation du désaccord sur les accommodements raisonnables. Mettant l’accent sur l’usage du langage (verbal, non verbal et para verbal), l’objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre comment des groupes minoritaires et majoritaires, engagés dans une arène publique où les points de vue par rapport aux accommodements raisonnables sont confrontés et mis en visibilité, gèrent leur situation de parole publique. La démarche de recherche a combiné deux stratégies d’analyse : la première stratégie d’inspiration conversationnelle, qui observe chaque séquence comme objet indépendant, a permis de saisir le déroulement des séances d’audition en respectant le caractère séquentiel des tours de parole La deuxième stratégie reviens sur les principaux résultats de l’analyse des séances d’auditions pour valider les résultats et parvenir à la saturation théorique pour élaborer une modélisation. L’exploitation des données selon cette approche qualitative a abouti au repérage de trois dynamiques. La première fait état des contraintes discursives. La seconde met en évidence le rôle des dimensions motivationnelles et socioculturelles dans la construction des positionnements et dans l’adoption d’un registre polémique. La troisième souligne la portée de la parole publique en termes d’actualisation des rapports de pouvoir et de confirmation de son caractère polémique. La modélisation proposée par cette thèse représente le registre polémique comme un élément constitutif de l’engagement argumentatif des acteurs sociaux mais qui est considérablement enchâssé dans d’autres éléments contextuels et motivationnels qui vont orienter sa portée. En tant qu’elle est exprimée dans un site dialogique, la parole publique en situation d’audition publique en commission parlementaire est en mesure de créer de nouvelles intrigues et d’une possibilité de coexister dans le dissensus. Le principal apport de cette thèse est qu’elle propose une articulation, concrète et originale entre une approche de la parole publique en tant que révélatrice d’autre chose que d’elle-même (nécessaire à tout éclaircissement des points de vue dans cette controverse) et une approche de la parole publique en tant que performance conduisant à la transformation du monde social. D’où, le titre de la thèse : la parole en action. Mots clefs : parole publique, discours, arène publique, pluralisme religieux, accommodements raisonnables, controverses, dissensus, théorisation enracinée

O valor da interacção verbal

Neste artigo procuramos reflectir sobre a dimensão dos elementos para- -linguísticos e extra-linguísticos na actividade conversacional e no papel que detêm na gestão deste espaço interlocutivo.

The uses of the outline for cultural formulation of the DSM-IV : from case conceptualization to treatment plan

ARTICLE 1 : RÉSUMÉ Amputation traumatique: Une étude de cas laotien sur l’indignation et l’injustice. La culture est un contexte essentiel à considérer pour produire un diagnostic et un plan d’intervention psychiatrique. Une perspective culturelle met en relief le contexte social dans lequel les symptômes émergent, et comment ils sont interprétés et gérés par la personne atteinte. Des études ethnoculturelles sur les maladies nous suggèrent que la plupart des gens nous donnent des explications pour leurs symptômes qui ont un fondement culturel. Bien que ces explications contredisent la théorie biomédicale, elles soulagent la souffrance des patients et leur permettent de donner une signification à cette dernière. L’exploration des caractéristiques, contextes et antécédents des symptômes permet au patient de les communiquer au clinicien qui pourrait avoir une explication différente de sa maladie. Cette étude de cas permet de montrer comment le Guide pour Formulation Culturelle du DSM-IV (The DSM-IV Outline for Cultural Formulation) permet aux cliniciens de solliciter un récit du patient en lien avec son expérience de la maladie. Notre étude examine l’utilisation par un patient laotien de « l’indignation sociale » (« Khuâm khum khang ») comme le modèle explicatif culturel de son problème malgré le diagnostic de trouble de stress post-traumatique qui lui fut attribué après une amputation traumatique. L’explication culturelle de son problème a permis au patient d’exprimer la signification personnelle et collective à sa colère et sa frustration, émotions qu’il avait réprimées. Cet idiome culturel lui a permis d’exprimer sa détresse et de réfléchir sur le système de soins de santé et, plus précisément, le contexte dans lequel les symptômes et leurs origines sont racontés et évalués. Cette représentation laotienne a aussi permis aux cliniciens de comprendre des expériences et les explications du client, autrement difficiles à situer dans un contexte biomédical et psychiatrique Euro-américain. Cette étude démontre comment il est possible d’améliorer les interactions entre cliniciens et patients et dès lors la qualité des soins par la compréhension de la perspective du patient et l’utilisation d’une approche culturelle. Mots clés: Culture, signification, idiome culturel, modèle explicatif, Guide pour Formulation culturelle du DSM-IV, indignation sociale, interaction entre patient et intervenant. ARTICLE 2 : RÉSUMÉ Impact de l’utilisation du Guide pour la formulation culturelle du DSM-IV sur la dynamique de conférences multidisciplinaires en santé mentale. La croissance du pluralisme culturel en Amérique du nord a obligé la communauté oeuvrant en santé mentale d’adopter une sensibilité culturelle accrue dans l’exercice de leur métier. Les professionnels en santé mentale doivent prendre conscience du contexte historique et social non seulement de leur clientèle mais également de leur propre profession. Les renseignements exigés pour les soins professionnels proviennent d’ évaluations cliniques. Il faut examiner ces informations dans un cadre culturellement sensible pour pouvoir formuler une évaluation des cas qui permet aux cliniciens de poser un diagnostic juste et précis, et ce, à travers les frontières culturelles du patient aussi bien que celles du professionnel en santé mentale. Cette situation a suscité le développement du Guide pour la formulation culturelle dans la 4ième édition du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux américain (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., DSM-IV) de l’Association psychiatrique américaine. Ce guide est un outil pour aider les cliniciens à obtenir des informations de nature culturelle auprès du client et de sa famille afin de guider la production des soins en santé mentale. L’étude vise l’analyse conversationnelle de la conférence multidisciplinaire comme contexte d’utilisation du Guide pour la formulation culturelle qui sert de cadre dans lequel les pratiques discursives des professionnels de la santé mentale évoluent. Utilisant la perspective théorique de l’interactionnisme symbolique, l’étude examine comment les diverses disciplines de la santé mentale interprètent et conceptualisent les éléments culturels et les implications de ce cadre pour la collaboration interdisciplinaire dans l’évaluation, l’élaboration de plans de traitement et des soins. Mots clé: Guide pour Formulation culturelle – Santé mentale – Psychiatrie transculturelle – Analyse conversationnelle – Interactionnisme symbolique

Le proxénète et sa place parmi les prostituées

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Como o discurso de responsabilidade social corporativa e sustentabilidade da Voice Telecom é percebido pelos seus empregados lotados na Região Metropolitana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Este estudo, que se vale ontologicamente da pós-modernidade crítica, tem por objetivo apreender como o discurso de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa e Sustentabilidade de uma corporação brasileira é percebido pelos seus empregados lotados na região metropolitana do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Esta apreensão se deu através do confronto entre as afirmações contidas no discurso da organização e as percepções dos empregados para cada uma destas afirmações. Foram realizadas 26 entrevistas individuais em cinco prédios distintos da corporação pesquisada, tendo sido entrevistados cinco gerentes, nove analistas, sete especialistas e cinco assistentes, nos meses de abril, maio e junho de 2012. As anotações de campo e as entrevistas foram transcritas e submetidas à análise do discurso e análise conversacional. Este estudo revelou que há grandes contradições entre o dito e o praticado pela organização, sendo o discurso de Responsabilidade Social e Corporativo em grande parte identificado como uma ferramenta instrumental de propaganda institucional.

L'interpretazione a distanza: Analisi di interazioni telefoniche mediate da interprete

Interpreter profession is currently changing: migration flows, the economic crisis and the fast development of ICTs brought unexpected changes in our societies and in traditional interpreting services all over. Remote interpreting (RI), which entails new methods such as videoconference interpreting and telephone interpreting (TI), has greatly developed and now sees interpreters working remotely and being connected to service users via videoconference set up or telephone calls. This dissertation aims at studying and analyzing the relevant aspects of interpreter-mediated telephone calls, describing the consequences for the interpreters in this new working field, as well as defining new strategies and techniques interpreters must develop in order to adjust to the new working context. For these purposes, the objectives of this dissertation are the following: to describe the settings in which RI is mostly used, to study the prominent consequences on interpreters and analyze real interpreter-mediated conversations. The dissertation deals with issues studied by the Shift project, a European project which aims at creating teaching materials for remote interpreting; the project started in 2015 and the University of Bologna and in particular the DIT - Department of Interpreting and Translation is the coordinating unit and promoting partner. This dissertation is divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 contains an outline of the major research related to RI and videoconference interpreting as well as a description of its main settings: healthcare, law, business economics and institution. Chapter 2 focuses on the physiological and psychological implications for interpreters working on RI. The concepts of absence, presence and remoteness are discussed; some opinions of professional interpreters and legal practitioners (LPs) concerning remote interpreting are offered as well. In chapter 3, telephone interpreting is presented; basic concepts of conversational analysis and prominent traits of interpreter-mediated calls are also explored. Chapter 4 presents the materials and methodology used for the analysis of data. The results, discussed in Chapter 5, show that telephone interpreting may be suitable for some specific contexts; however, it is clear that interpreters must get appropriate training before working in any form of RI. The dissertation finally offers suggestions for the implementation of training in RI for future interpreting students.

Exploring types and functions of questions in police interviews

There is a proliferation of categorization schemes in the scientific literature that have mostly been developed from psychologists’ understanding of the nature of linguistic interactions. This has a led to problems in defining question types used by interviewers. Based on the principle that the overarching purpose of an interview is to elicit information and that questions can function both as actions in their own right and as vehicles for other actions, a Conversational Analysis approach was used to analyse a small number of police interviews. The analysis produced a different categorization of question types and, in particular, the conversational turns fell into two functional types: (i) Topic Initiation Questions and (ii) Topic Facilitation Questions. We argue that forensic interviewing requires a switch of focus from the ‘words’ used by interviewers in question types to the ‘function’ of conversational turns within interviews.

Celebrity Capital in the Political Field: Russell Brand’s migration from stand-up comedy to Newsnight

Our case study of charismatic celebrity comedian Russell Brand’s turn to political activism uses Bourdieu’s field theory to understand the process of celebrity migration across social fields. We investigate how Brand’s capital as a celebrity performer, storyteller and self-publicist translated from comedy to politics. To judge how this worked in practice, we analysed the comedic strategies used in his stand-up show Messiah Complex and undertook a conversational analysis of his notorious interview with Jeremy Paxman on the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)’s flagship current affairs programme Newsnight. We argue that Brand was able to secure political legitimacy by creatively constituting himself as an authentic anti-austerity spokesperson for the disenfranchised left in United Kingdom. In order to do so, he repurposed his celebrity capital to political ends and successfully deployed the cultural and social capitals he had developed as a celebrity comedian to secure widespread engagement with his media performances.

Talking it through : the case for the use of conversation analytic approaches in the analysis of news journalism

This study makes out the case for the use of the Conversational Analytic method as a research approach that might both extricate and chronicle the features of the journalism interview. It seeks to encourage such research to help inform understanding of this form and to provide further lessons as to the nature of journalism practice. Such studies might follow many paths but this paper focuses more particularly on the outcomes for the debate as to the continued relevance of "objectivity" in informing journalism professional practice. To make out the case for the veracity of CA as a means through which the conduct of journalism practice might be explored the paper examines: the theories of the interaction order that gave rise to the CA method; outlines the key features of the journalism interview as explicated through the CA approach; outlines the implications of such research for the establishment of the standing of "objectivity". It concludes as to the wider relevance of such studies of journalism practice for a fracturing journalism field, which suffers from a lack of benchmarks to measure the public benefit of the range of forms that now proliferate on the internet.

Negotiating and Renegotiating Conversational Ground Rules : Formation of an Artifact Designed to Mediate Exploratory Collaboration

This study highlights the formation of an artifact designed to mediate exploratory collaboration. The data for this study was collected during a Finnish adaptation of the thinking together approach. The aim of the approach is to teach pulps how to engage in educationally beneficial form of joint discussion, namely exploratory talk. At the heart of the approach lies a set of conversational ground rules aimed to promote the use of exploratory talk. The theoretical framework of the study is based on a sociocultural perspective on learning. A central argument in the framework is that physical and psychological tools play a crucial role in human action and learning. With the help of tools humans can escape the direct stimulus of the outside world and learn to control ourselves by using tools. During the implementation of the approach, the classroom community negotiates a set of six rules, which this study conceptualizes as an artifact that mediates exploratory collaboration. Prior research done about the thinking together approach has not extensively researched the formation of the rules, which give ample reason to conduct this study. The specific research questions asked were: What kind of negotiation trajectories did the ground rules form during the intervention? What meanings were negotiated for the ground rules during the intervention The methodological framework of the study is based on discourse analysis, which has been specified by adapting the social construction of intertextuality to analyze the meanings negotiated for the created rules. The study has town units of analysis: thematic episode and negotiation trajectory. A thematic episode is a stretch of talk-in-interaction where the participants talk about a certain ground rule or a theme relating to it. A negotiation trajectory is a chronological representation of the negotiation process of a certain ground rule during the intervention and is constructed of thematic episodes. Thematic episodes were analyzed with the adapted intertextuality analysis. A contrastive analysis was done on the trajectories. Lastly, the meanings negotiated for the created rules were compared to the guidelines provided by the approach. The main result of the study is the observation, that the meanings of the created rules were more aligned with the ground rules of cumulative talk, rather than exploratory talk. Although meanings relating also to exploratory talk were negotiated, they clearly were not the dominant form. In addition, the study observed that the trajectories of the rules were non identical. Despite connecting dimensions (symmetry, composition, continuity and explicitness) none of the trajectories shared exactly the same features as the others.

Development of the 2003 CU-HTK conversational telephone speech transcription system

This paper describes the development of the 2003 CU-HTK large vocabulary speech recognition system for Conversational Telephone Speech (CTS). The system was designed based on a multi-pass, multi-branch structure where the output of all branches is combined using system combination. A number of advanced modelling techniques such as Speaker Adaptive Training, Heteroscedastic Linear Discriminant Analysis, Minimum Phone Error estimation and specially constructed Single Pronunciation dictionaries were employed. The effectiveness of each of these techniques and their potential contribution to the result of system combination was evaluated in the framework of a state-of-the-art LVCSR system with sophisticated adaptation. The final 2003 CU-HTK CTS system constructed from some of these models is described and its performance on the DARPA/NIST 2003 Rich Transcription (RT-03) evaluation test set is discussed.