470 resultados para Controlador


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Con el objetivo de evaluar la efectividad del hongo paecilomyces lilacinus como controlador biológico de embriones de meloidogyne exigua y compararlo con el control químico de carbufuran en vivero de café (coffea arábica l.), se realizó entre los meses de abril a diciembre de 1986 en la estación experimental jardín botánico de masatepe, departamento de Carazo, la evaluación de seis tratamiento. El experimento se efectuó en una parcela de 37m2, con cinco repeticiones de un diseño experimental en bloques completo al azar. Se evaluaron las cuatro plantas centrales de cada parcela, en total 120 plantas. El manejo del experimento se basó en la técnica de reaislamiento, reproducción y aplicación de paecilomyces lilacinus del Dr. Parviz jalata (18) y siguiendo las técnica del cultivo del café utilizada en la lV región. Los tratamiento comparados; 3 dosis de arroz cubiertos de colonias de paecilomyces lilacinus; 15 gramos, 10gramos y 5 gramos, respectivamente, furadan 5G a la dosis de 5 gramos y todos los anteriores, incluyendo el testigo relativo con una aplicación de 1000 larvas de meloidogyne exigua por cada planta y un testigo absoluto; todos en bolsas de polietileno con capacidad de 2 kilos de suelo. Los tratamientos que presentaron mejor control de la población nematologica son paecilomyces lilacinus a razón de 5g. y furadan 5G a razón de 5g. y el testigo absoluto. En condiciones de laboratorio se comprobó la efectividad del hongo, donde la agresividad para destruir embriones de meloidogyne exigua fue directamente proporcional a la mayor concentración de esporas del hongo (1 *10 esporas/ml) y al tiempo de exposición a este

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias en Ingeniería Eléctrica, con especialidad en Control). U. A. N. L.

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Eléctrica con Especialidad en Electrónica) U.A.N.L.

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Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias de la Ingeniería con Especialidad en Telecomunicaciones) - Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 2003

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O presente trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de um sistema para comunicação bidirecional entre um robô ABB IRB 1400, originalmente desprovido de uma interface de comunicação de dados, e um microcomputador PC padrão. Para a implementação utilizou-se a porta paralela do PC e uma Placa E/S Digital para sinais discretos disponível no controlador do robô. Devido à diferença de caracterìsticas elétricas entre as interfaces utilizadas, foi necessáio projetar um dispositivo que permitisse o ajuste dos niveis de tensão entre os sinais. Osistema foi elaborado visando sua utilização por programas desenvolvidos pelos usuários em ambiente Windows, sendo disponibilizadas rotinas para envio e recebimento de dados através de um protocolo próprio. Na plataforma PC as rotinas estão encapsuladas em um arquivo compilado no formato DDL (Dynamic Link Library). No controlador do robô as rotinas foram criadas em linguagem ABB RAPID. O programa desenvolvido pelo usuário é responsável por todo o processamento das informações, que são então enviadas através do sistema de comunicação a um outro programa específico sendo executado no controlador do robô, o qual interpreta os dados e ativa as tarefas correspondentes. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, sendo a velocidade de transmissão limitada pela velocidade da Placa E/S do robô. Utilizando-se uma placa ABB DSQC 223, atingiram taxas de transmissão da ordem de 12,5 bytes/s para envio e 6,1 bytes/s para o recbimento de informaçãoes a partir do PC. O sistema demonstrou ser uma alternativa viável para o controle do robô através de um microcomputador PC, apresentando boa confiabilidade, baixo custo e faciliadade de implementação.

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Este trabalho foi desenvolvido num estágio na empresa ABS GmbH sucursal em Portugal, e teve como foco a compressão de imagem e vídeo com os padrões JPEG e H.264, respetivamente. Foi utilizada a plataforma LeopardBoard DM368, com um controlador ARM9. A análise do desempenho de compressão de ambos os padrões foi realizada através de programas em linguagem C, para execução no processador DM368. O programa para compressão de imagem recebe como parâmetros de entrada o nome e a resolução da imagem a comprimir, e comprime-a com 10 níveis de quantização diferentes. Os resultados mostram que é possível obter uma velocidade de compressão até 73 fps (frames per second) para a resolução 1280x720, e que imagens de boa qualidade podem ser obtidas com rácios de compressão até cerca de 22:1. No programa para compressão de vídeo, o codificador está configurado de acordo com as recomendações para as seguintes aplicações: videoconferência, videovigilância, armazenamento e broadcasting/streaming. As configurações em cada processo de codificação, o nome do ficheiro, o número de frames e a resolução do mesmo representam os parâmetros de entrada. Para a resolução 1280x720, foram obtidas velocidades de compressão até cerca de 68 fps, enquanto para a resolução 1920x1088 esse valor foi cerca de 30 fps. Foi ainda desenvolvida uma aplicação com capacidades para capturar imagens ou vídeos, aplicar processamento de imagem, compressão, armazenamento e transmissão para uma saída DVI (Digital Visual Interface). O processamento de imagem em software permite melhorar dinamicamente as imagens, e a taxa média de captura, compressão e armazenamento é cerca de 5 fps para a resolução 1280x720, adequando-se à captura de imagens individuais. Sem processamento em software, a taxa sobe para cerca de 23 fps para a resolução 1280x720, sendo cerca de 28 fps para a resolução 1280x1088, o que é favorável à captura de vídeo.

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In this thesis, it is developed the robustness and stability analysis of a variable structure model reference adaptive controller considering the presence of disturbances and unmodeled dynamics. The controller is applied to uncertain, monovariable, linear time-invariant plants with relative degree one, and its development is based on the indirect adaptive control. In the direct approach, well known in the literature, the switching laws are designed for the controller parameters. In the indirect one, they are designed for the plant parameters and, thus, the selection of the relays upper bounds becomes more intuitive, whereas they are related to physical parameters, which present uncertainties that can be known easier, such as resistances, capacitances, inertia moments and friction coefficients. Two versions for the controller algorithm with the stability analysis are presented. The global asymptotic stability with respect to a compact set is guaranteed for both cases. Simulation results under adverse operation conditions in order to verify the theoretical results and to show the performance and robustness of the proposed controller are showed. Moreover, for practical purposes, some simplifications on the original algorithm are developed

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The so-called Dual Mode Adaptive Robust Control (DMARC) is proposed. The DMARC is a control strategy which interpolates the Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) and the Variable Structure Model Reference Adaptive Control (VS-MRAC). The main idea is to incorporate the transient performance advantages of the VS-MRAC controller with the smoothness control signal in steady-state of the MRAC controller. Two basic algorithms are developed for the DMARC controller. In the first algorithm the controller's adjustment is made, in real time, through the variation of a parameter in the adaptation law. In the second algorithm the control law is generated, using fuzzy logic with Takagi-Sugeno s model, to obtain a combination of the MRAC and VS-MRAC control laws. In both cases, the combined control structure is shown to be robust to the parametric uncertainties and external disturbances, with a fast transient performance, practically without oscillations, and a smoothness steady-state control signal

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In this work, the variable structure adaptive pole placement controller (VS-APPC) robustness and performance are evaluated and this algorithm is applied in a motor control system. The controller robustness evaluation will be done through simulations, where will be introduced in the system the following adversities: time delay, actuator response boundeds, disturbances, parametric variation and unmodeled dynamics. The VS-APPC will be compared with PI control, pole placement control (PPC) and adaptive pole placement controller (APPC). The VS-APPC will be simulated to track a step and a sine reference. It will be applied in a three-phase induction motor control system to track a sine signal in the stator reference frame. Simulation and experimental results will prove the efficiency and robustness of this control strategy

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On this paper, it is made a comparative analysis among a controller fuzzy coupled to a PID neural adjusted by an AGwith several traditional control techniques, all of them applied in a system of tanks (I model of 2nd order non lineal). With the objective of making possible the techniques involved in the comparative analysis and to validate the control to be compared, simulations were accomplished of some control techniques (conventional PID adjusted by GA, Neural PID (PIDN) adjusted by GA, Fuzzy PI, two Fuzzy attached to a PID Neural adjusted by GA and Fuzzy MISO (3 inputs) attached to a PIDN adjusted by GA) to have some comparative effects with the considered controller. After doing, all the tests, some control structures were elected from all the tested techniques on the simulating stage (conventional PID adjusted by GA, Fuzzy PI, two Fuzzy attached to a PIDN adjusted by GA and Fuzzy MISO (3 inputs) attached to a PIDN adjusted by GA), to be implemented at the real system of tanks. These two kinds of operation, both the simulated and the real, were very important to achieve a solid basement in order to establish the comparisons and the possible validations show by the results

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The predictive control technique has gotten, on the last years, greater number of adepts in reason of the easiness of adjustment of its parameters, of the exceeding of its concepts for multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) systems, of nonlinear models of processes could be linearised around a operating point, so can clearly be used in the controller, and mainly, as being the only methodology that can take into consideration, during the project of the controller, the limitations of the control signals and output of the process. The time varying weighting generalized predictive control (TGPC), studied in this work, is one more an alternative to the several existing predictive controls, characterizing itself as an modification of the generalized predictive control (GPC), where it is used a reference model, calculated in accordance with parameters of project previously established by the designer, and the application of a new function criterion, that when minimized offers the best parameters to the controller. It is used technique of the genetic algorithms to minimize of the function criterion proposed and searches to demonstrate the robustness of the TGPC through the application of performance, stability and robustness criterions. To compare achieves results of the TGPC controller, the GCP and proportional, integral and derivative (PID) controllers are used, where whole the techniques applied to stable, unstable and of non-minimum phase plants. The simulated examples become fulfilled with the use of MATLAB tool. It is verified that, the alterations implemented in TGPC, allow the evidence of the efficiency of this algorithm

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Postsurgical complication of hypertension may occur in cardiac patients. To decrease the chances of complication it is necessary to reduce elevated blood pressure as soon as possible. Continuous infusion of vasodilator drugs, such as sodium nitroprusside (Nipride), would quickly lower the blood pressure in most patients. However, each patient has a different sensitivity to infusion of Nipride. The parameters and the time delays of the system are initially unknown. Moreover, the parameters of the transfer function associated with a particular patient are time varying. the objective of the study is to develop a procedure for blood pressure control i the presence of uncertainty of parameters and considerable time delays. So, a methodology was developed multi-model, and for each such model a Preditive Controller can be a priori designed. An adaptive mechanism is then needed for deciding which controller should be dominant for a given plant

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In this work is proposed an indirect approach to the DualMode Adaptive Robust Controller (DMARC), combining the typicals transient and robustness properties of Variable Structure Systems, more specifically of Variable Structure Model Reference Adaptive Controller (VS-MRAC), with a smooth control signal in steady-state, typical of conventional Adaptive Controllers, as Model Reference Adaptive Controller (MRAC). The goal is to provide a more intuitive controller design, based on physical plant parameters, as resistances, inertia moments, capacitances, etc. Furthermore, with the objective to follow the evolutionary line of direct controllers, it will be proposed an indirect version for the Binary Model Reference Adaptive Controller (B-MRAC), that was the first controller attemptting to act as MRAC as well as VS-MRAC, depending on a pre-defined fixed parameter

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This work shows a study about the Generalized Predictive Controllers with Restrictions and their implementation in physical plants. Three types of restrictions will be discussed: restrictions in the variation rate of the signal control, restrictions in the amplitude of the signal control and restrictions in the amplitude of the Out signal (plant response). At the predictive control, the control law is obtained by the minimization of an objective function. To consider the restrictions, this minimization of the objective function is done by the use of a method to solve optimizing problems with restrictions. The chosen method was the Rosen Algorithm (based on the Gradient-projection). The physical plants in this study are two didactical systems of water level control. The first order one (a simple tank) and another of second order, which is formed by two tanks connected in cascade. The codes are implemented in C++ language and the communication with the system to be done through using a data acquisition panel offered by the system producer