A Segurança dos Consumidores: A Proteção Contra Serviços e Bens de Consumo “Perigosos”

O presente relatório de estágio, sobre a Segurança dos Consumidores, espelha o percurso da minha aprendizagem sobre a matéria em si, e sobre a atuação das entidades que muito fazem para garantir a pretendida segurança nas relações de consumo. O estágio baseou-se na aprendizagem dos aspetos teóricos e práticos do esforço da Direção-Geral do Consumidor (adiante DGC), em conjunto com outras entidades, para a redução ou mesmo a eliminação dos riscos causados por produtos e serviços disponibilizados nos mercados e acessíveis pelos consumidores. Durante a fase de estágio beneficiei do apoio da minha supervisora na DGC, a Dra. Ana Catarina Fonseca e, durante a fase de escrita do presente relatório, pude contar sempre com o apoio do meu orientador, o Professor Doutor Jorge Morais Carvalho, sempre que eu precisasse de críticas construtivas. A participação na criação de brochuras informativas sobre a segurança dos consumidores, e o estudo da legislação de referência utilizada pela DGC no seu trabalho diário, possibilitaram-me, efetivamente, alicerçar os meus princípios orientadores enquanto futura profissional, no que toca à importância da criação de entidades, não só privadas mas também públicas, cuja missão seja de garantir a proteção dos consumidores por via preventiva e informativa, e também por via reparadora. O relatório permite ter uma noção da atuação da DGC na proteção da segurança e saúde dos consumidores, e permite que se conheçam, não só os pontos fulcrais da relação entre as entidades de defesa dos consumidores e os operadores económicos, como também o papel de cada um na identificação de produtos e serviços perigosos e na sua retirada do mercado ou recolha junto dos consumidores.A última parte do presente relatório contém informações que permitem ter uma ideia da relevância que tem tido a matéria da segurança dos consumidores em Cabo Verde, através de uma breve comparação legislativa com Portugal.

Revisão dos contratos no Código de Defesa do Consumidor

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

A qualidade dos serviços educacionais e a proteção do código de defesa do consumidor

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Proteção da relação de emprego sob o prisma da dignidade da pessoa humana

This work aims to show that the protection of the employment relation is one of the determining factors to respect the principle of the human dignity. The goal is initially to show the devaluation of work from antiquity to the early twentieth century, when the constitutions began to standardize protective devices. This way, the consecration of the social labor rights in the Constitution of 1988 represents the culmination of the historical achievements. This work demonstrates that such rights can not be reduced or suppressed by political conveniences, once these rights are included in the list of immutable clauses. It is displayed that to achieve the fundamental right to work is not well advised to encourage the creation of jobs that maculates the worker s dignity. The outsourced work is, therefore, a classic example of the advancement of precarious forms of contemporary labor. It is inferred that the presence of various forms of harassment results in a degradation of working environment, bringing about dire consequences on professional and personal life of the worker. Thus, decent work must be the appropriate benchmark for the creation of new jobs. It is also shown that the flexibilization of the propaganda rights by certain pressure groups has as main goal to reduce or eliminate rights, based on fallacious data depicting an increase of competitiveness and jobs. In addition, the flexibility implies a growth of the precarization of the work - a reality felt by many workers subjected to such a situation due to the unemployment phenomenon whose origin is not in the protectionism of the norms. It is necessary to expand and structure the constitutionally legitimate institutions to monitor and curb the precarized work, as well as all practices that go against the dignity of the worker. It is also shown the loss of power of the sindicates in the last few years as a consequence of the pulverization workes and the capital attacks through the productive restructure whose outsourcings and privatizations are notorious examples

Proteção constitucional do trabalhador portador de incapacidade laboral

Social security has constitutional protection and encompasses health policies, social security and welfare, which are explicitly recognized as a fundamental social right. When workers suffering from work disability are unable to earn income with your work force to support themselves and their families. The State, through the public welfare, contributory and compulsory, has a duty to protect workers in times of misfortune, replacing these income through the provision of social security benefits. Disability the employee has a higher degree of vulnerability, and the granting of disability claims a right sensitive, which can‟t suffer postponements, lest cause legal uncertainty and violating the dignity of the human person. There isn‟t legal definition of disability. The main purpose of the study is the constitutional protection of the worker carrying work disability, seeking to highlight the factors affecting work disability and proposing the use of objective criteria for the grant of social security benefits, because the criteria used are purely medical, based the subjectivity and agency of medical assessor, which hinders the judicial and administrative control of the State. At the time of preparing the expert report, the expert should not consider only tangible aspects, but also social and environmental issues, which contribute to the inability to work and therefore should be considered in granting social security benefits. The granting of social security benefits for incapacity for work is intended to prevent or lessen the impact of individual and social risks in relation to the worker incapacitated, ensuring that the constitutional protection to be effective. The presumed inability, the institute reversing the burden of proof and free conviction motivated are important tools for resolving conflicts between the insured and welfare, finding basis in the insured`s vulnerability, sensitivity and little reliance right at issue in relation to the employee social pension

Proteção constitucional do consumidor no âmbito da regulação publicitária

The concern with issues related to consumer protection has emerged in North America and then spread throughout the world. In Brazil, consumer‟s rights and interests only gained greater importance after their consolidation in the Constitution of 1988 and the enactment of the 8078/90 Law (Consumer‟s Protection and Defense Code), which established the consumerist microsystem. The understanding of the legal relationship of consumption concept is necessarily connected to knowledge of the elements that compose it. Among these, we can find the consumer and the provider (subjective elements), the product or service (objective elements), and the consumer‟s condition as final receiver of the consumption object (finalistic element). In order to elucidate the configuration of consumer protection before advertising communication, this work will analyze the advertising through the prism of consumerist laws, conceptualizing it and presenting a differentiation of it in relation to practices such as marketing, offer and commercial communication as well as examining its several kinds of manifestation, focusing mainly the ones categorized as misleading or unfair advertising. All kinds of advertising communication against the consumerist microsystem are subject to judicial control exercised by the State. Besides individual protection possibilities, this state-owned control can be collectively exercised as a result of the utilization of public civil action and popular action. Some specific categories of advertising (smoking products, alcoholic beverages, pesticides, medicines and therapies) are still subject to a set of particular restraints provided by the 9294/96 Law, which enables the performance of a special control in relation to them. In addition to state control, there is also a system of advertising communication self-regulation, which develops itself through the actions of the National Council of Advertising Self-Regulation that are based mainly on the laws established by the Brazilian Code of Advertising Self-Regulation and its annexes. However, this system of advertising self-regulation still has some deficiencies that hinder its effectiveness

Vigilância sanitária, participação social e cidadania

O objetivo deste estudo é descrever e analisar as representações sociais dos conselheiros de saúde sobre a temática da vigilância sanitária. A pesquisa qualitativa de representação social foi adotada como metodologia, sendo utilizada a técnica de entrevista baseada em roteiro semiestruturado. Os dados obtidos com a realização das entrevistas foram analisados pela técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Através dos discursos, os conselheiros de saúde demonstraram conhecer a vigilância sanitária e reconhecerem sua importância para as práticas de Saúde Pública. Demonstraram também, estarem aptos a participar do processo de formulação da Política Municipal de Vigilância Sanitária. O estudo conclui que a vigilância sanitária, principalmente na esfera local, precisa se apropriar dos conselhos de saúde como espaços públicos capazes de legitimar e dar transparência às suas ações, discutindo as necessidades da coletividade democraticamente com a sociedade, sendo possível, dessa forma, construir a cidadania ao mesmo tempo em que se assegura o direito à proteção da saúde.

Sistemas de acreditação e certificação hospitalar em Portugal Continetal

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior Agrária do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Inovação e Qualidade na Produção Alimentar.

Gestão da Assistência Farmacêutica: módulo 3: unidade 2: estado e cidadania

Inicialmente o conteúdo trata da questão do direito a saúde, demonstrando o processo pelo qual esse direito foi conquistado nas sociedades ocidentais e reconhecido pelas populações, bem como sua relação com o desenvolvimento econômico das populações. Além disso, esta Unidade discute as relações entre os modelos de proteção social e os direitos sociais, estabelecendo nexos entre os modelos de proteção social, o financiamento destinado à saúde, os serviços e os produtos disponibilizados. O conteúdo encerra com uma abordagem sobre os diferentes arranjos dos serviços de saúde na composição dos sistemas de saúde, convergindo para a abordagem do SUS, um sistema de grande impacto e com um processo histórico em constante construção e em conexão com as formas de organização e mobilização da sociedade.

A convergência entre a proteção ambiental e a proteção da pessoa humana no âmbito do direito internacional

A proteção ambiental está conectada à proteção do ser humano, o que implica na busca de interfaces entre os dois regimes, sendo esse o objetivo do presente artigo. A convergência entre meio ambiente e direitos humanos será esboçada a partir das origens do direito internacional ambiental, prosseguindo pela análise dos instrumentos internacionais, tentando-se evidenciar que ambos os sistemas representam um interesse comum da humanidade.

Os direitos dos consumidores em caso de desconformidade da coisa comprada e a sua articulação com o abuso do direito

Mestrado na área de Ciências Juridico-Empresariais

A proposta de regulamento relativo a um direito europeu comum da compra e venda e as suas implicações no direito português

We have witnessed in recent years, an obvious effort by the competent European institutions, towards the harmonization of general law applicable to all Member States (MS's). Many developments have been registered in several areas of law, a europeanization process that aims to add value to cross-border transactions and, consequently, the internal market and european trade. This trend manifests itself in general to the private law level, and particularly in contract law. The extension of the field in which market participants - whether professionals or consumers - can act, must imperatively be articulated with a consequent wider protection. After all, the consumer is also a leading European purposes and its level should not be called into question for the sake of promoting trade. The link between the positions of two opposing parties, professionals and consumers, requires commitment and work reinforced by the institutions but only on that basis is consistent legislative production. The proposed Regulation on a Common European Sales Law of the sale, the European Commission, set focus to European contract law and raises questions about the relevance and necessity of such uniformity. An instrument for purposes of harmonization of European contract law, that can be applied to all cross-border consumer contracts, similar in all MS's certainly bring many benefits. However, its applicability and usefulness would depend on the level of protection that would provide, compared to the existing national rights. Would an optional instrument ensure the designs of a common law? Moreover, would a binding instrument be the best alternative in that sense? Keywords:

A segurança dos consumidores

The present report, about consumer’s safety, shows the development of the knowledge on this particular subject and the actions carried out by entities that fight for the protection of consumer’s rights. The internship was based on the knowledge acquirement on the theoretical and practical aspects of the fight lead by the Direção Geral do Consumidor, together with other entities, towards the elimination or solely the reduction of risks caused by some products and services made available for the consumers or put on the market. During the internship, I counted with the support of my supervisor in the DGC, Dr. Ana Catarina Fonseca and, for the writing of the report, I had the help of my thesis advisor, Dr. Jorge Morais Carvalho, whenever I needed constructive criticism. My participation on the creation of the informative brochures about consumer’s safety, and the study of the legislation used by the DGC on the daily work, enabled me, effectively, to consolidate my guiding principles as a future professional on the matters of the creation of entities, private and public, which aim to ensure the protection of consumers’s rights, informing them of the possible risks or solving the already existing problems, removing dangerous products and services from the market.The report clarifies the action of the DGC on the protection of consumer’s safety, and enables some knowledge on the relations between the entities that work for the protection of the consumers and the market operators and on their work on identifying dangerous products and warning the consumers about it. The final part of this report contains information that allows us to form an idea of the importance that consumer safety has had in Cape Verde, compared with the laws of Portugal on the matter.

O Direito de Arrependimento do consumidor nos contratos celebrados à distância: um estudo de Direito Comparado

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito dos Contratos e da Empresa