998 resultados para Construction cognitive et l’apprentissage réflectif
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Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino de Informática
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The aim of this study is to test the feasibility and the efficacy of a cognitive and behavior therapy manual for auditory hallucinations with persons suffering from schizophrenia in a French-speaking environment and under natural clinical conditions. Eight patients met ICD-10 criteria for paranoid schizophrenia, 2 for hebephrenic schizophrenia and 1 for schizoaffective disorder. All were hearing voices daily. Patients followed the intervention for 3 to 6 months according to their individual rhythms. Participants filled up questionnaires at pre-test, post-test and three months follow-up. The instruments were the Belief About Voice Questionnaire--Revised and two seven points scales about frequency of hallucinations and attribution of the source of the voices. Results show a decrease of voices' frequency and improvement in attributing the voices rather to an internal than to an external source. Malevolent or benevolent beliefs about voices are significantly decreased at follow-up as well as efforts at coping with hallucinations. Results should be interpreted with caution because of the small number of subjects. The sample may not be representative of patients with persistent symptoms since there is an over representation of patients with benevolent voices and an under representation of patients with substance misuse
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L'auteur commente deux articles de Clauw et al. (2011a, 2011b) sur la supervision en TCC, en soulignant qu'un des intérêts majeurs de la formation basée sur l'évidence est de légitimer à l'avenir de façon scientifique le rôle d'activités comme la supervision ou l'expérience personnelle en psychothérapie. Les approches transdiagnostiques et transthéoriques en psychothérapie vont conduire à de nouveaux cursus de formation qui ne seront plus liés à une école particulière mais basés sur la connaissance scientifique du fonctionnement humain, de la psychopathologie et de son traitement psychologique. La supervision empiriquement fondée doit explorer de nouvelles manières de mesurer son impact sur la compétence des thérapeutes en formation et sur l'efficacité des traitements conduits auprès des patients. Les instruments mesurant l'adhésion au modèle TCC sont insuffisants. Des listes plus générales de compétences cliniques apparaissent comme des alternatives intéressantes, mais il n'existe pas aujourd'hui de consensus au sujet de leurs contenus. L'auteur s'arrête enfin sur l'importance de maintenir la mission évaluative et contrôlante de la supervision, même si elle peut créer quelque malaise entre supervisé et superviseur. La tendance à la professionnalisation de l'activité de supervision nous conduit à la nécessité de penser une intégration intelligente de ses fonctions pédagogiques et évaluatives. Nous ne devons cependant pas oublier que cette tendance à la professionnalisation ne doit pas être le simple reflet du mouvement économique vers la qualité totale, mais trouver son fondement sur des lacunes objectivement observables dans les cursus de formation actuels.
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Comprend : Projet de formation d'une légion nautique ou d'éclaireurs des côtes, destinée à opérer tels débarquemens qu'on avisera sans le secours de vaisseaux, bateaux-plats, artillerie, etc.,...
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This study explores the cognitive structures, understood as construct systems, of patients suffering from bulimia nervosa (BN). Previous studies investigated the construct systems of disordered eaters suggesting that they had a higher distance between their construction of the self and the «ideal self», and also more rigidity. In addition to these aspects, this study explored the presence of implicative dilemmas (ID). Thirty two women who met criteria for BN and were treated in a specialized center were compared to a non clinical group composed by 32 women matched by age. All participants were assessed using Repertory Grid Technique (RGT). In BN patients it was more common (71.9%) to find IDs than in controls (18.8%). They also showed higher polarization and higher self-ideal discrepancies (even more for those with a long history of BN). The measures provided by the RGT can be useful for the assessment of self-construction and cognitive conflicts in BN patients and to appreciate their role in this disorder. In addition, this technique could be helpful for clinicians to explore the patient"s constructs system, and specially to identify IDs that could be maintaining the symptoms or hindering change in order to focus on them to facilitate improvement.
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The aim of this study is to identify cognitive variables that predict disordered eating attitudes in a nonclinical sample composed of 50 female university students. Repertory grid technique was used to assess cognitive features of self-construing and cognitive conflicts. Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction scales from the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 were used as dependent variables, as previous studies suggested that high scores on these scales are associated with the risk of developing or aggravating eating syndromes. Results suggest that drive for thinness can be associated with cognitive conflicts, whereas body dissatisfaction may be higher for those who construct themselves as inadequate and similar to others. In addition, both dependent variables were predicted by being younger and having a higher body mass index.
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1886/10 (A32,SER4,N382).
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1858/08 (T4,N8).
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1878/10 (A3,SER3,N286).
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1855/12 (N12).