Forensic processing of false identity and travel documents to produce intelligence: a novel approach to assist in fighting organized crime

The production and use of false identity and travel documents in organized crime represent a serious and evolving threat. However, a case-by-case perspective, thus suffering from linkage blindness and a limited analysis capacity, essentially drives the present-day fight against this criminal problem. To assist in overcoming these limitations, a process model was developed using a forensic perspective. It guides the systematic analysis and management of seized false documents to generate forensic intelligence that supports strategic and tactical decision-making in an intelligence-led policing approach. The model is articulated on a three-level architecture that aims to assist in detecting and following-up on general trends, production methods and links between cases or series. Using analyses of a large dataset of counterfeit and forged identity and travel documents, it is possible to illustrate the model, its three levels and their contribution. Examples will point out how the proposed approach assists in detecting emerging trends, in evaluating the black market's degree of structure, in uncovering criminal networks, in monitoring the quality of false documents, and in identifying their weaknesses to orient the conception of more secured travel and identity documents. The process model proposed is thought to have a general application in forensic science and can readily be transposed to other fields of study.

Assistance de l’enseignement de la conception architecturale par la modélisation de savoir-faire des référents

Dans une époque de changements des moyens de représentation et communication en architecture, cette recherche porte sur l’enseignement de la conception architecturale et plus spécifiquement sur l’apport que l’informatique pourrait avoir dans ce processus. En nous basant sur une méthodologie qualitative, exploratoire et participative, nous y procédons par enchainement de questions, celle de départ étant la suivante: Comment l’enseignement de la conception architecturale pourrait tirer avantage des moyens numériques? Notre objectif est de proposer des méthodes et des outils d’apprentissage aux étudiants en architecture pour enrichir leurs démarches de conception grâce à l’ordinateur. Après une revue de la littérature dans le domaine, et un approfondissement de l’étude sur le rôle des référents architecturaux et sur la conception intégrée, nous avons procédé à une observation exploratoire du travail des étudiants en atelier d’architecture. Ces premières étapes de la recherche ont permis de dégager des discordances entre les positions théoriques et la pratique en l’atelier, pour concrétiser ultérieurement la question de recherche. Dans le but de discerner des méthodes efficaces et innovatrices pour répondre aux discordances identifiées, nous avons engagé une étude de la littérature sur les théories cognitives par rapport aux connaissances, l’apprentissage et la conception. Certaines stratégies ont pu être définies, notamment la nécessité de représentation multimodale des référents architecturaux, l’importance de représenter le processus et non seulement le résultat, ainsi que l’avantage d’inciter les étudiants à travailler dans leur ‘zone proximale’ de développement. Suite à ces recherches, une méthode d’enseignement complémentaire a été définie. Elle propose aux étudiants des explorations de l’objet en conception basées sur la manipulation des savoir-faire architecturaux. Cette méthode a été opérationnalisée d’un point de vue pédagogique ainsi que didactique et mise à l’épreuve auprès des étudiants en atelier. Un prototype de librairie de référents architecturaux interactifs (LibReArchI) a été créé dans ce but. Elle a été conçue en tant qu’environnement de conception et espace de partage de savoir-faire entre étudiants et enseignants. Les principaux résultats de cette recherche démontrent le rôle positif de la méthode proposée pour le transfert des savoir-faire architecturaux lors de l’apprentissage en atelier. Son potentiel d’assister la conception intégrée et de stimuler l’émergence d’idées a été constaté. Au niveau théorique, un modèle d’un cycle du processus de design avec le numérique a été esquissé. En conclusion, des avenues de développements futurs de cette recherche sont proposées.

Conception et développement d'un environnement informatisé d'expérimentations contrôlées et assistées à distance par ordinateur (Ex@O)

La démarche scientifique (ou expérimentale) en milieu scolaire nécessite des savoir-faire expérimentaux qui ne s’acquièrent habituellement qu’en présentiel, c’est-à-dire en laboratoire institutionnel où l’enseignant ou le technicien sont présents et peuvent, à tout moment, assister pleinement l’apprenant dans sa démarche d’investigation scientifique et technologique. Ils peuvent l’orienter, le diriger, susciter sa réflexion, faire des démonstrations réelles ou contrôler son expérimentation en lui montrant comment paramétrer les outils d’expérimentation assistée par ordinateur (ExAO). Pour répondre aux besoins de la formation à distance, cette recherche de développement en didactique des sciences et de la technologie propose de mettre à la disposition des apprenants et des enseignants un environnement de laboratoire informatisé, contrôlé et assisté à distance. Cet environnement, axé sur un microlaboratoire d’ExAO (MicrolabExAO), que nous avons nommé Ex@O pour le distinguer, a été testé de manière fonctionnelle, puis évalué en situation réelle par des étudiants-maîtres et des élèves de l’éducation des adultes qui ont pratiqué et expérimenté la démarche scientifique, en situation de laboratoire réel, mais à distance. Pour ce faire, nous avons couplé le logiciel MicrolabExAO à un logiciel de prise en main à distance avec outils audio et vidéo (Teamviewer). De plus, nous avons créé et inséré, dans le logiciel MicrolabExAO, une aide en ligne pour télécharger et faciliter la prise en main à distance. Puisque cet environnement Ex@O permet de multiplier les contacts des apprenants avec une expérimentation concrète, ce prototype répond bien à l’un des objectifs du Programme de formation de l’école québécoise (PFEQ) qui est de rendre l’apprenant plus actif dans ses apprentissages. Et parce que ce premier prototype d’environnement Ex@O permet d’effectuer des activités en laboratoire à distance, nous avons pu vérifier qu’il met aussi l’accent, non seulement sur les savoirs, mais également sur les savoir-faire expérimentaux en sciences et technologie, traditionnellement développés dans les locaux des laboratoires institutionnels. Notons ici que la démarche expérimentale s’acquiert très majoritairement en laboratoire en pratiquant, souvent et régulièrement, le processus inductif et déductif propre à cette démarche. Cette pratique de la démarche expérimentale, à distance, avec la technologie Ex@O qui l’accompagne, nous a permis de vérifier que celle-ci était possible, voire comparable à la réalisation, pas-à-pas, d’un protocole expérimental effectué dans un laboratoire institutionnel.

Pre-conception care : current practice and methods of provision

This thesis examines the present provisions for pre-conception care and the views of the providers of services. Pre-conception care is seen by some clinicians and health educators as a means of making any necessary changes in life style, corrections to imbalances in the nutritional status of the prospective mother (and father) and the assessment of any medical problems, thus maximizing the likelihood of the normal development of the baby. Pre-conception care may be described as a service to bridge the gap between the family planning clinic and the first ante-natal booking appointment. There were three separate foci for the empirical research - the Foresight organisation (a charity which has pioneered pre-conception care in Britain); the pre-conception care clinic at the West London Hospital, Hammersmith; and the West Midlands Regional Health Authority. The six main sources of data were: twenty five clinicians operating Foresight pre-conception clinics, couples attending pre-conception clinics, committee members of the Foresight organisation, staff of the West London Hospital pre-conception clinic, Hammersmith, District Health Education Officers working in the West Midlands Regional Health Authority and the members of the Ante-Natal Care Action Group, a sub-group of the Regional Health Advisory Group on Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine. A range of research methods were adopted. These were as follows: questionnaires and report forms used in co-operation with the Foresight clinicians, interviews, participant observation discussions and informal meetings and, finally, literature and official documentation. The research findings illustrated that pre-conception care services provided at the predominantly private Foresight clinics were of a rather `ad hoc' nature. The type of provision varied considerably and clearly reflected the views held by its providers. The protocol which had been developed to assist in the standardization of results was not followed by the clinicians. The pre-conception service provided at the West London Hospital shared some similarities in its approach with the Foresight provision; a major difference was that it did not advocate the use of routine hair trace metal analysis. Interviews with District Health Education Officers and with members of the Ante Natal Care Action Group revealed a tentative and cautious approach to pre-conception care generally and to the Foresight approach in particular. The thesis concludes with a consideration of the future of pre-conception care and the prospects for the establishment of a comprehensive pre-conception care service.

Système d'aide à la planification et à la conception d'une stratégie d'évaluation formative instrumentée

Le logiciel SysML (Système Mastery Learning) est le prototype d'un logiciel pour enseignants qui désirent implanter le Mastery Learning dans leurs cours. Appartenant à la famille des APO (Applications Pédagogiques de l'Ordinateur), ce logiciel de GPAQ (Génie Pédagogique Assisté par Ordinateur) vient répondre à des besoins d'encadrement et d'assistance formulés par les enseignants qui utilisent le Mastery Learning. Ce projet de recherche et de développement visait à produire un logiciel pour assister et encadrer les enseignants dans le processus de planification et de conception d'une stratégie instrumentée d'évaluation formative. Le but de SysML est de réduire la perte de temps lors de la conception des instruments et à rendre ces instruments de meilleure qualité. Le logiciel SysML a été développé suite à une analyse du problème et des besoins des enseignants et est basé sur des modèles pédagogiques éprouvés. Le logiciel est programmé dans l'environnement HyperCard sur ordinateur Macintosh . SysML a été expérimenté par une conseillère pédagogique et trois enseignants du réseau collégial. Les commentaires des expérimentateurs, recueillis lors des entrevues, sont positifs et nous indiquent qu'un tel logiciel serait bienvenu dans le monde de l'éducation. Par ailleurs, SysML ne serait pas limité aux utilisateurs du Mastery Learning mais serait ouvert aux enseignants qui veulent organiser, planifier un cours et une stratégie d'évaluation. L'essentiel du projet de recherche a été la production du logiciel. Tout le travail de recherche est dans le logiciel, ce document n'est que le rapport accompagnateur. On peut avoir une démonstration du fonctionnement du logiciel en s'adressant à l'auteur.

Reflexões sobre a Educação Fisica para portadores de necessidades educacionais especiais a luz da individualização

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

A contribution for thermoeconomic modelling: A methodology proposal

This work presents a thermoeconomic optimization methodology for the analysis and design of energy systems. This methodology involves economic aspects related to the exergy conception, in order to develop a tool to assist the equipment selection, operation mode choice as well as to optimize the thermal plants design. It also presents the concepts related to exergy in a general scope and in thermoeconomics which combines the thermal sciences principles (thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics) and the economic engineering in order to rationalize energy systems investment decisions, development and operation. Even in this paper, it develops a thermoeconomic methodology through the use of a simple mathematical model, involving thermodynamics parameters and costs evaluation, also defining the objective function as the exergetic production cost. The optimization problem evaluation is developed for two energy systems. First is applied to a steam compression refrigeration system and then to a cogeneration system using backpressure steam turbine. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Specification of Supervisory Control Systems for Ventricular Assist Devices

One of the most important recent improvements in cardiology is the use of ventricular assist devices (VADs) to help patients with severe heart diseases, especially when they are indicated to heart transplantation. The Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology has been developing an implantable centrifugal blood pump that will be able to help a sick human heart to keep blood flow and pressure at physiological levels. This device will be used as a totally or partially implantable VAD. Therefore, an improvement on device performance is important for the betterment of the level of interaction with patient`s behavior or conditions. But some failures may occur if the device`s pumping control does not follow the changes in patient`s behavior or conditions. The VAD control system must consider tolerance to faults and have a dynamic adaptation according to patient`s cardiovascular system changes, and also must attend to changes in patient conditions, behavior, or comportments. This work proposes an application of the mechatronic approach to this class of devices based on advanced techniques for control, instrumentation, and automation to define a method for developing a hierarchical supervisory control system that is able to perform VAD control dynamically, automatically, and securely. For this methodology, we used concepts based on Bayesian network for patients` diagnoses, Petri nets to generate a VAD control algorithm, and Safety Instrumented Systems to ensure VAD system security. Applying these concepts, a VAD control system is being built for method effectiveness confirmation.

Mock circulatory system for the evaluation of left ventricular assist devices, endoluminal prostheses, and vascular diseases

A new digital computer mock circulatory system has been developed in order to replicate the physiologic and pathophysiologic characteristics of the human cardiovascular system. The computer performs the acquisition of pressure, flow, and temperature in an open loop system. A computer program has been developed in Labview programing environment to evaluate all these physical parameters. The acquisition system was composed of pressure, flow, and temperature sensors and also signal conditioning modules. In this study, some results of flow, cardiac frequencies, pressures, and temperature were evaluated according to physiologic ventricular states. The results were compared with literature data. In further works, performance investigations will be conducted on a ventricular assist device and endoprosthesis. Also, this device should allow for evaluation of several kinds of vascular diseases.

Single Axis Controlled Hybrid Magnetic Bearing for Left Ventricular Assist Device: Hybrid Core and Closed Magnetic Circuit

In previous studies, we presented main strategies for suspending the rotor of a mixed-flow type (centrifugal and axial) ventricular assist device (VAD), originally presented by the Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology (IDPC), Brazil. Magnetic suspension is achieved by the use of a magnetic bearing architecture in which the active control is executed in only one degree of freedom, in the axial direction of the rotor. Remaining degrees of freedom, excepting the rotation, are restricted only by the attraction force between pairs of permanent magnets. This study is part of a joint project in development by IDPC and Escola Politecnica of Sao Paulo University, Brazil. This article shows advances in that project, presenting two promising solutions for magnetic bearings. One solution uses hybrid cores as electromagnetic actuators, that is, cores that combine iron and permanent magnets. The other solution uses actuators, also of hybrid type, but with the magnetic circuit closed by an iron core. After preliminary analysis, a pump prototype has been developed for each solution and has been tested. For each prototype, a brushless DC motor has been developed as the rotor driver. Each solution was evaluated by in vitro experiments and guidelines are extracted for future improvements. Tests have shown good results and demonstrated that one solution is not isolated from the other. One complements the other for the development of a single-axis-controlled, hybrid-type magnetic bearing for a mixed-flow type VAD.

Magnetic suspension of the rotor of a ventricular assist device of mixed flow type

This work presents results of preliminary studies concerning application of magnetic bearing in a ventricular assist device (VAD) being developed by Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology-IDPC (Sao Paulo, Brazil). The VAD-IDPC has a novel architecture that distinguishes from other known VADs. In this, the rotor has a conical geometry with spiral impellers, showing characteristics that are intermediate between a centrifugal VAD and an axial VAD. The effectiveness of this new type of blood pumping principle was showed by tests and by using it in heart surgery for external blood circulation. However, the developed VAD uses a combination of ball bearings and mechanical seals, limiting the life for some 10 h, making impossible its long-term use or its use as an implantable VAD. As a part of development of an implantable VAD, this work aims at the replacement of ball bearings by a magnetic bearing. The most important magnetic bearing principles are studied and the magnetic bearing developed by Escola Politecnica of Sao Paulo University (EPUSP-MB) is elected because of its very simple architecture. Besides presenting the principle of the EPUSP-MB, this work presents one possible alternative for applying the EPUSP-MB in the IDPC-VAD.

A new approach to heart valve tissue engineering: mimicking the heart ventricle with a ventricular assist device in a novel bioreactor

The `biomimetic` approach to tissue engineering usually involves the use of a bioreactor mimicking physiological parameters whilst supplying nutrients to the developing tissue. Here we present a new heart valve bioreactor, having as its centrepiece a ventricular assist device (VAD), which exposes the cell-scaffold constructs to a wider array of mechanical forces. The pump of the VAD has two chambers: a blood and a pneumatic chamber, separated by an elastic membrane. Pulsatile air-pressure is generated by a piston-type actuator and delivered to the pneumatic chamber, ejecting the fluid in the blood chamber. Subsequently, applied vacuum to the pneumatic chamber causes the blood chamber to fill. A mechanical heart valve was placed in the VAD`s inflow position. The tissue engineered (TE) valve was placed in the outflow position. The VAD was coupled in series with a Windkessel compliance chamber, variable throttle and reservoir, connected by silicone tubings. The reservoir sat on an elevated platform, allowing adjustment of ventricular preload between 0 and 11 mmHg. To allow for sterile gaseous exchange between the circuit interior and exterior, a 0.2 mu m filter was placed at the reservoir. Pressure and flow were registered downstream of the TE valve. The circuit was filled with culture medium and fitted in a standard 5% CO(2) incubator set at 37 degrees C. Pressure and flow waveforms were similar to those obtained under physiological conditions for the pulmonary circulation. The `cardiomimetic` approach presented here represents a new perspective to conventional biomimetic approaches in TE, with potential advantages. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Particle-Image Velocimetry Study of a Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device

Particle-image velocimetry (PIV) was used to visualize the flow within an optically transparent pediatric ventricular assist device (PVAD) under development in our laboratory The device studied is a diaphragm type pulsatile pump with an ejection volume of 30 ml per beating cycle intended for temporary cardiac assistance as a bridge to transplantation or recovery in children. Of particular interest was the identification of flow patterns, including regions of stagnation and/or strong turbulence that often promote thrombus formation and hemolysis, which can degrade the usefulness of such devices. For this purpose, phase-locked PIV measurements were performed in planes parallel to the diaphram that drives the flow in the device. The test fluid was seeded with 10 Am polystyrene spheres, and the motion of these particles was used to determine the instantaneous flow velocity distribution in the illumination plane. These measurements revealed that flow velocities up to 1.0 m/s can occur within the PVAD. Phase-averaged velocity fields revealed the fixed vortices that drive the bulk flow within the device, though significant cycle-to-cycle variability was also quite apparent in the instantaneous velocity distributions, most notably during the filling phase. This cycle-to-cycle variability can generate strong turbulence that may contribute to greater hemolysis. Stagnation regions have also been observed between the input and output branches of the prototype, which can increase the likelihood of thrombus formation. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001252]

Paternal and maternal ages at conception and risk of bipolar affective disorder in their offspring

Background. A consistent association between paternal age and their offspring`s risk of schizophrenia has been observed, with no independent association with maternal age. The relationship of paternal and maternal ages with risk of bipolar affective disorders (BPAD) in the offspring is less clear. The present study aimed at testing the hypothesis that paternal age is associated with their offspring`s risk of BPAD, whereas maternal age is not. Method. This population-based cohort study was conducted with individuals born in Sweden during 1973-1980 and still resident there at age 16 years. Outcome was first hospital admission with a diagnosis of BPAD. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox`s proportional hazard regression. Results. After adjustment for all potential confounding variables except maternal age, the HR for risk of BPAD for each 10-year increase in paternal age was 1.28 [95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.11-1.48], but this fell to 1.20 (95% CI 0.97-1.48) after adjusting for maternal age. A similar result was found for maternal age and risk of BPAD [HR 1.30 (95% CI 1.08-1.56) before adjustment for paternal age, HR 1.12 (95% Cl 0.86-1.45) after adjustment]. The HR associated with having either parent aged 30 years or over was 1.26 (95% CI 1.01-1.57) and it was 1.45 (95%, CI 1.16-1.81) if both parents were >30 years. Conclusions. Unlike schizophrenia, the risk of BPAD seems to be associated with both paternal and maternal ages.