988 resultados para Co2 h-2
Resumo:
Development of microporous adsorbents for separation and sequestration of carbon dioxide from flue gas streams is an area of active research. In this study, we assess the influence of specific functional groups on the adsorption selectivity of CO2/N-2 mixtures through Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. Our model system consists of a bilayer graphene nanoribbon that has been edge functionalized with OH, NH2, NO2, CH3 and COOH. Ab initio Moller-Plesset (MP2) calculations with functionalized benzenes are used to obtain binding energies and optimized geometries for CO2 and N-2. This information is used to validate the choice classical forcefields in GCMC simulations. In addition to simulations of adsorption from binary mixtures of CO2 and N-2, the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) is used to predict mixture isotherms. Our study reveals that functionalization always leads to an increase in the adsorption of both CO2 and N-2 with the highest for COOH. However, significant enhancement in the selectivity for CO2 is only seen with COOH functionalized nanoribbons. The COOH functionalization gives a 28% increase in selectivity compared to H terminated nanoribbons, whereas the improvement in the selectivity for other functional groups are much Enure modest. Our study suggests that specific functionalization with COOH groups can provide a material's design strategy to improve CO2 selectivity in microporous adsorbents. Synthesis of graphene nanoplatelets with edge functionalized COOH, which has the potential for large scale production, has recently been reported (Jeon el, al., 2012). (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved,
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Greenhouse gas emissions from a well established, unfertilized tropical grass-legume pasture were monitored over two consecutive years using high resolution automatic sampling. Nitrous oxide emissions were highest during the summer months and were highly episodic, related more to the size and distribution of rain events than WFPS alone. Mean annual emissions were significantly higher during 2008 (5.7 ± 1.0 g N2O-N/ha/day) than 2007 (3.9 ± 0.4 and g N2O-N/ha/day) despite receiving nearly 500 mm less rain. Mean CO2 (28.2 ± 1.5 kg CO2 C/ha/day) was not significantly different (P < 0.01) between measurement years, emissions being highly dependent on temperature. A negative correlation between CO2 and WFPS at >70% indicated a threshold for soil conditions favouring denitrification. The use of automatic chambers for high resolution greenhouse gas sampling can greatly reduce emission estimation errors associated with temperature and WFPS changes.
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In the structure of polymeric title compound, {[Co2(C7H2N2O7)2(H2O)6] . 2H2O}n from the reaction of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid with cobalt(II) acetate, both slightly distorted octahedral Co(II) centres have crystallographic inversion symmetry. The coordination sphere about one Co centre comprises four O donors from two bidentate chelate O(phenolate), O(carboxyl) and bridging dianionic ligands and two water molecules [Co-O range, 2.0249(11)-2.1386(14)A] while that about the second Co centre has four water molecules and two bridging carboxyl O donor atoms [Co-O range, 2.0690(14)-2.1364(11)A]. The coordinated water molecules as well as the water molecules of solvation give water-water and water-carboxyl hydrogen-bonding interactions in the three-dimensional framework structure.
Resumo:
早采的山楂果实在贮存8个月之后可售率为98.7%,而晚采的为65.4%。在贮藏过程中对它们的乙烯释放率、呼吸强度、可滴定酸、Vc、可溶性固形物、可溶性果胶和原果胶、淀粉粒、色度进行了分析、观察和测定,发现早采的果实比晚采的衰老速率慢,因此贮存期长,品质保存得好。 我们还应用高CO2处理的短期气调与MA气调相结合进行了实验。发现采收2周后用10% CO2处理2小时,效果很明显。经高CO2处理的果实贮存8个月可售率为93.4%,而对照为65.4%,而且经CO2处理的果实可滴定酸和Vc都较高,可溶性固形物较低,PPO活性在体外比对照低60%。虽然CO2处理对乙烯产生有一定的刺激作用,但对呼吸作用有所抑制。
Resumo:
Nannochloropsis sp. was grown with different levels of nitrate, phosphate, salinity and temperature with CO2 at 2,800 mu l l(-1). Increased levels of NaNO3 and KH2PO4 raised protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) contents but decreased carbohydrate, total lipid and total fatty acids (TFA) contents. Nannochloropsis sp. grew well at salinities from 22 to 49 g l(-1), and lowering salinity enhanced TFA and PUFAs contents. TFA contents increased with the increasing temperature but PUFAs contents decreased. The highest eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 omega 3) content based on the dry mass was above 3% under low N (150 mu M NaNO3) or high N (3000 mu M NaNO3) condition. Excessive nitrate, low salinity and temperature are thus favorable factors for improving EPA yields in Nannochloropsis sp.
Resumo:
由大气CO2浓度升高导致的气候变化是全球变化的重要研究内容之一。大气 CO2浓度升高会对植物的生理活动产生深刻的影响。本论文以开顶箱(Open top chamber)法控制 CO2浓度,在长期野外实地模拟基础上,研究三个树种资源分配模式的变化,揭示了长白山地区三个主要树种—红松(Pinus koraiensis)、长白松(Pinus sylvestriformis)和蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)叶含碳结构物质和次生代谢物(CBSSCs)含量的变化动态及植物各器官内碳-防卫物质分配模式对CO2浓度升高的响应,这对预测未来CO2浓度升高条件下树木的适应性提供了科学依据。研究结果如下: 1)红松和长白松针叶总非结构性碳水化合物含量在生长季呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,生长季末期稍有升高,休眠季含量较稳定。脂肪和结构性物质如半纤维素、纤维素和木质素含量在生长季和休眠季中含量比较稳定。 2)CBSSCs在植物叶中的含量存在显著的种间差异性,CBSSCs含量在生长季变化较大,休眠季变化很小。 3)从三个树种叶CBSSCs浓度的年平均值来看,植物对高浓度CO2没有持续和明显的反应,叶内不会出现较高浓度的酚类物质和其它CBSSCs物质。 4)高浓度CO2对植株氮总量没有影响,但由于生长导致的稀释效应使得红松叶、茎全氮浓度显著降低。 5)长期高浓度CO2处理使得红松生长和光合能力都有提高,碳向酚类物质和结构物质的分配提高。由高浓度CO2诱导的植物的这种碳向防卫物质的分配格局符合生长分化平衡模型(GDBe)的预测结果。
Resumo:
探讨全球气候变化的生物学和生态学效应是当今生态学中的热点,研究大气CO2浓度升高对植物-昆虫相互作用关系的影响具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文使用开顶式气室(Open-top chamber,OTC)在野外条件下研究了CO2浓度升高对三种树木(小青杨、白桦和蒙古栎)叶片化学成分含量的影响,以及树木叶片品质变化对一种广食性森林昆虫(舞毒蛾)幼虫取食、生长发育和取食偏嗜性的影响。得出如下结果:(1)CO2浓度升高对3个受试树种叶片中的营养成分及次生代谢物含量均有显著影响,总体表现为氮含量降低,而碳氮比、非结构性碳水化合物、总酚和缩合丹宁含量增加。叶片中的化学成分含量可随时间发生显著变化,不同树种、甚至同一树种不同冠层高度的叶片对CO2浓度升高的响应强度也是不同的。叶片的干物质含量和比叶重对CO2浓度升高的响应不显著。(2)室内非选择性取食实验、室内选择性取食实验以及上树取食饲养方式下的多龄期取食实验,均发现高浓度CO2处理组内舞毒蛾幼虫的生长发育受到显著抑制。但对四龄舞毒蛾幼虫所进行的短期生物测定并未发现不同CO2浓度处理下幼虫的生长发育速率、对食物的取食率和转化率等昆虫营养指标存在显著差异。(3)叶片品质的降低是导致舞毒蛾幼虫生长发育受抑制的主要原因。但是总体上,CO2浓度升高导致的叶片品质变化并未显著影响幼虫的取食率和取食量。(4)舞毒蛾幼虫对不同叶片种类表现出清晰的取食选择性,这种选择性在其幼龄期就可表现出来。幼虫对小青杨上层叶片有最显著的偏嗜性,对蒙古栎下层叶片有最明显的拒食性。但是CO2浓度升高导致的叶片品质变化对舞毒蛾幼虫的取食选择性和寄主偏嗜行为并未产生显著影响。(5)检测出高浓度CO2处理组内舞毒蛾幼虫虫粪中含有浓度更高的植物次生代谢物质(总酚和缩合单宁),这很可能是昆虫整体生长发育受抑制的重要原因之一。
Resumo:
本文采用开顶箱法研究了在连续两年高浓度CO2(700 μmol•mol-1)、O3(80 nmol•mol-1)及其复合作用条件下银杏和油松的生长、初生代谢产物和次生代谢产物含量的季节动态变化、年度动态变化,揭示了银杏、油松次生代谢对高浓度CO2、O3的适应机制及其对树木本身的影响,为研究城市森林对全球变化的响应与反馈提供了重要理论依据。 得出的主要结果如下: 1. CO2倍增处理在2006、2007两个生长季中都增加了银杏、油松叶片中淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白的含量;同时也显著增加了银杏叶片中单宁、萜类化合物和油松单宁、总酚的含量。但是在2007生长季中,这些物质的增幅相对2006生长季CO2处理减缓。高浓度CO2处理对银杏、油松叶可溶性蛋白含量和银杏叶中黄酮化合物含量的影响在两个生长季中变化不同:在2006生长季中高浓度CO2处理增加了银杏、油松叶可溶性蛋白含量,降低了银杏叶中黄酮化合物含量;在2007生长季中则降低了银杏、油松叶中可溶性蛋白含量,增加了银杏叶黄酮化合物含量。 2. O3倍增处理在2006、2007两个生长季中都有降低银杏、油松叶中淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和银杏叶中单宁、黄酮化合物含量的趋势;同时, O3倍增处理在两个生长季上都增加了银杏叶中萜类化合物和油松单宁、总酚化合物的含量。这表明次生代谢物质对高浓度O3处理的响应由于次生代谢物质的种类和所属植物种类的不同而不同。 3. 高浓度CO2和O3复合处理在2006和2007生长季上对银杏、油松的影响与单因子CO2处理类似。在复合作用中,单因子O3带来的光合产物下降的现象消失,银杏和油松的初生代谢产物都高于对照水平;同时,复合作用下次生代谢物质的变化也与单因子CO2处理一致。这表明在复合作用对银杏、油松次生代谢产物的影响主要通过CO2抵消O3对光合作用的抑制来实现,同时也说明CO2对银杏、油松次生代谢的影响强于O3的影响。高浓度CO2能够保护植物免受高浓度O3的伤害。 4. CO2倍增处理和复合处理增加了银杏和油松叶次生代谢物质的含量,这不仅能够增强银杏和油松对环境因子的抵御能力,而且还会增加植物对碳的同化作用,从而增加其对大气CO2的吸收;同时,由于次生代谢物质的抗菌能力,银杏和油松叶内次生代谢物质的增加有可能会减缓其凋落物在土壤中的降解,从而增加土壤碳“汇”。
Resumo:
近几年来,近地面CO2、O3浓度快速升高已经对农作物生长发育造成了很大的影响,引起国内外学者的广泛关注。本文以C3作物春小麦辽春17为试材,利用农田开顶式气室(OTCs)研究CO2和O3浓度增加及其交互作用对春小麦不同发育时期生物量、总酚量、黄酮含量及成熟期产量性状的影响,以及对土壤酶活性及土壤中酚酸类物质含量的影响,同时监测了残茬分解过程中C、N的变化,还比较了小麦(C3)和玉米(C4)次生代谢的响应差异,为研究农作物对全球变化的响应与反馈提供了科学依据。结果表明: 1. CO2浓度升高条件下,春小麦生物量和产量性状都显著高于对照; O3浓度升高条件下,显著低于对照;CO2和O3交互作用下各项指标处于二者之间。 2. CO2、O3浓度升高及其交互作用显著增加了春小麦叶片中的总酚含量;其中CO2浓度升高对C3作物的影响比对C4作物大。 在小麦生长前期,各处理总黄酮含量均低于对照;而到成熟期,各处理下黄酮含量都显著高于对照。其中小麦体内PAL酶活性和C/N与酚类化合物含量变化趋势一致。 3. CO2、O3浓度升高对小麦生长初期土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性影响不明显,到成熟期O3浓度增加,3种酶活性均显著地高于对照;其中土壤中多酚氧化酶活性升高,和土壤中酚类化合物的积累有关,经相关分析(r=0.625,n=23,p=0.015),二者存在显著相关关系。 4. 在CO2、O3作用下两种残茬混合物(土和根、土和秸秆) C/N在分解初期急剧下降,随后呈现平缓的下降趋势,但各处理间无显著性差异,说明短期的CO2、O3浓度升高,虽然影响了植物的化学成分组成,但对分解速率影响较小。