Have You Met Miss Jones? : Identity Construction of a Chick Lit Heroine

Take a random woman in her mid-twenties, with a crazy mother, a lousy job and no sex life, add some insecurity and a lot of alcohol and wrap her up in pink, and congratulations, you have just created your own chick lit heroine.The question is whether a chick lit heroine is this simplistic, or if she carries an important message to the readers. The most important traits in a chick lit novel are the complicated mother-daughter relationship, the career and the love life.Thus, this essay will outline to what extent the postfeminist features are depicted in theidentity of Bridget Jones, as an epitome of later chick lit heroines.

”När man själv rasar,var finns nåden?” : Analys av Stella Björk i Johanna Nilssons Rebell med frusna fötter i förhållande till den typiska chick lit-karaktären.

Denna uppsats syfte är en tematisk jämförelse mellan Johanna Nilssons Rebell med frusna fötter och Helen Fieldings Bridget Jones’s Diary beträffande huvudkaraktärerna för att komma fram till hur felplacerad Stella Björk skulle vara i en chick lit-berättelse. Jag använder Bridget som representativ för en typisk huvudkaraktär i chick lit då det är vid publiceringen av Bridget Jones’s Diary forskarna anser att chick lit föddes. Vid en tematisk jämförelse mellan Stella och Bridget där miljö- och karaktärsbeskrivning och även karaktärsutveckling avhandlas blir resultatet att dessa två fiktiva kvinnor är lika på många sätt men det finns skillnader. Karaktärernas komplexitet är en stor skillnad, då Stella är en mer komplex karaktär än Bridget. De funderar mycket båda två men över olika ämnen. En sista stor skillnad är att Bridget tänker på hur hennes egen kropp ser ut medan Stella funderar mer över hur hemska andra människors kroppsliga ideal är.

Can’t Afford the Manolos? Buy the Book!: Chick Lit & Contemporary Consumerism

At the airport, across from the magazines at Wal-Mart, and probably somewhere near the front of local bookstores — chick lit is everywhere. One would probably recognize it from a distance as a sea of shiny pink1, the small glossy paperbacks cheerfully beckoning from their carefully constructed display. Chick lit has exploded into the western2 market over the last decade, captivating millions of readers with their tales of young, urban professional women navigating the worlds of careers, relationships, and of course, shopping. By the end of the novel, each of these components is generally resolved in somewhat formulaic fashion

Proposta di traduzione di un esempio di narrativa chick lit: Summer at sea di Beth Labonte

Il seguente elaborato presenta una proposta di traduzione dei primi due capitoli del romanzo autopubblicato “Summer at sea” della scrittrice americana Beth Labonte, uscito nel 2015. L'elaborato si articola a partire da un'analisi approfondita del genere della chick lit, cui il romanzo appartiene, e prosegue con un riassunto delle principali tappe all'interno della storia della teoria della traduzione. Segue il commento alla traduzione, che evidenzia le difficoltà riscontrate e le soluzioni traduttive impiegate durante la stesura dell’elaborato.

Para uma definição da ‘Chick lit’ portuguesa

O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer uma definição do relativamente recente género literário que é exemplificado pela escrita de autoras como Margarida Rebelo Pinto, Fátima Lopes e Rita Ferro. Trata-se de literatura cujo possível ''par'' anglo-saxónico encontramos na ‘chick lit’ – uma ficção escrita geralmente por mulheres e para mulheres, que se foca na sua vida quotidiana. Pretende-se chegar a esta definição, por um lado, via análise do discurso mediático e académico à volta das obras mais populares e através de inquéritos com leitores e leitoras, por outro lado. Assim, pomos em relevo o jogo que se desenvolve entre a crítica literária, que ocorre publicamente (revistas, programas televisivos, blogues), e a leitura, que se exerce num âmbito privado e individual. Consideramos também como a crítica determina a leitura e em que medida a leitura e interpretação são atos isolados e pessoais. A pesquisa da qual resulta este artigo levou-nos às considerações literárias de índole mais geral, como, por exemplo, quem tem o poder de dizer o que é a literatura? A quem cabe o privilégio de designar o valor duma obra literária?

Candace Bushnellin Trading Up Edith Whartonin romaanin The Custom of the Country uudelleenkirjoituksena

Candace Bushnellin (1958–) vuonna 2003 julkaistu romaani Trading Up kuvaa nuoren naispäähenkilön määrätietoista pyrkimystä rikkauteen, maineeseen ja New Yorkin suihkuseurapiireihin. Se on uudelleenkirjoitus Edith Whartonin romaanista The Custom of the Country (1913). Wharton (1862–1937) käsitteli tuotannossaan New Yorkin vanhaa yläluokkaa ja kuvasi usein liikettä yhteiskuntaluokassa ylös tai alas. 1990-luvulta alkaen Bushnell on käsitellyt teoksissaan samankaltaisia aiheita, joskin oman aikansa kontekstissa. Hän on itse todennut Whartonin teosten olevan merkittäviä esikuvia omalle tuotannolleen. Pro gradu -tutkielmassani tarkastelen Bushnellin romaania Trading Up Whartonin The Custom of the Country -teoksen uudelleenkirjoituksena. Analysoimalla teoksia rinnakkain selvitän, millaisia keinoja Bushnell käyttää uudelleenkirjoituksessaan ja mikä merkitys Whartonin romaanin uudelleenkirjoituksella on. Tutkimusnäkökulmani on feministinen, ja keskityn valtasuhteisiin liittyviin kysymyksiin. Tarkastelen etenkin yhteiskuntaluokkaan, sukupuoleen ja seksuaalisuuteen liittyviä valtasuhteita ja sitä, miten valtasuhteet Bushnellin uudelleenkirjoituksessa eroavat Whartonin romaanissa esiintyvistä. Tarkastelen tutkimiani romaaneja myös genren näkökulmasta, Trading Up -romaania osana chick lit -genreä ja The Custom of the Country -teosta taparomaanina. Chick lit on 1990- luvulla syntynyt viihteellinen naisten kirjallisuuden genre, joka kuvaa nuoria naisia ja käsittelee esimerkiksi ihmissuhteita ja perheeseen, työelämään tai ulkonäköön liittyviä kysymyksiä. Kulutuskulttuuri ja uusliberalistinen yksilöllisyys kuuluvat chick lit -genreen. Se on kytketty myös postfeminismiin: chick litissä feminismistä joko vaietaan, tai se esitetään pikemminkin yksittäisten naisten elämäntapavalintoina kuin poliittisena liikkeenä. Bushnellin lisäksi myös muut chick lit -kirjailijat ovat teoksissaan viitanneet taparomaaneihin. Tutkielmassani totean Bushnellin uudelleenkirjoittavan The Custom of the Country -romaania paikoitellen hyvin suoraan. Vaikka teosten ajallisen etäisyyden ja yhteiskunnallisten muutosten takia esimerkiksi yhteiskuntaluokkaan liittyvissä valtasuhteissa on tapahtunut muutoksia, esitetään monet asiat muuttumattomina. Etenkin sukupuolen kuvaus ja sukupuoltenväliset valtasuhteet näyttäytyvät samankaltaisina kummassakin teoksessa. Postfeminismissä ja uusliberalismissa yksilön mahdollisuutta tehdä valintoja korostetaan. Bushnellin romaanin naishenkilöhahmoilla pitäisi olla enemmän valinnan mahdollisuuksia kuin Whartonin sankarittarilla, mutta näiden tekemät ratkaisut ovat lopulta hyvin samankaltaisia. Vaikka Trading Up toistaa Whartonin teoksen tarinaa melko tarkasti, ei siitä välity Whartonin romaanissa merkittävää yhteiskuntakriittisyyttä.

Women of Substance : The Aspect of Education, Career and Female Identity in Pride and Prejudice and Bridget Jones's Diary

Although two hundred years separate Jane Austen and Helen Fielding and, subsequently, also their portrayals of society, the similarities outweigh the differences. When juxtaposing Pride and Prejudice and Bridget Jones’s Diary in the light of feminism it is evident that both books provide clear examples of the prevailing situation of women in each time and place. The aspects of the study, which are especially important today, show both the development and some degree of stagnation of women’s rights and identities.

Proposta di traduzione di un capitolo di The To-Do List di Mike Gayle

Scopo principale del seguente elaborato è quello di fornire una possibile traduzione di un capitolo dell’opera di Mike Gayle, The To-Do List. Al fine di contestualizzare e rendere più comprensibile, specie per un lettore italiano, la proposta di traduzione in questione, verranno descritti dapprima l’autore ed il genere letterario al quale appartiene il libro, quindi la trama del libro stesso. Seguirà il commento della traduzione, nel quale si evidenzieranno alcuni degli elementi particolarmente difficili da rendere in italiano – talvolta dal punto di vista lessicale, più spesso dal punto di vista culturale. La scelta di affrontare l’opera di Gayle nasce soprattutto dall’interesse verso uno dei corsi svolti all’università, grazie al quale ho avuto l’occasione di scoprire, in lingua inglese, il genere letterario comunemente chiamato Chick Lit; The To-Do List, che appartiene a quella che potremmo definire come “Chick Lit maschile”e che presenta moltissimi riferimenti alla cultura britannica, rappresentava la fonte perfetta per mettermi alla prova ed effettuare una traduzione che fosse, oltre che fedele al testo originale, comprensibile e immediata per un ipotetico lettore italiano.

The expression of messenger RNAs coding for growth factors, their receptors, and eph-class receptor tyrosine kinases in normal and ototoxically damaged chick cochleae

Messenger RNAs coding for growth factors and receptor tyrosine kinases were measured by quantitative competitive and by semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in whole and dissected chick inner ears. The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 1 chick embryonic kinase (CEK) 1 was expressed in all structures examined (otocyst, hatchling whole cochlea, cochlear nerve ganglion, and cochlear and vestibular sensory epithelia), although slightly more heavily in the otocyst. The related fibroblast growth factor receptors CEK 2 and 3 were preferentially expressed in the nerve ganglion and in the vestibular sensory epithelium, respectively. FGF 1 mRNA was low in early development, increasing to mature levels at around embryonic age 11 days, while FGF2, mRNA was expressed at constant levels at all ages. In response to ototoxic damage, FGF1 mRNA levels were increased in the early damaged cochlear sensory epithelium. Immunohistochemistry for CEK1 showed that normal hair cells expressed the receptor heavily on the hair cell stereocilia, while with early damage, CEK1 came to be expressed heavily on the apical surfaces of the supporting cells. In normal chicks, the CEK4 and CEK8 eph-class receptor tyrosine kinases were expressed relatively heavily by the cochlear nerve ganglion, and CEK10 was expressed relatively heavily by the cochlear hair cell sensory epithelium. The results suggest that the FGF system may be involved in the response of the cochlear epithelium to ototoxic damage. The eph-class receptor tyrosine kinase CEK10 may be involved in cell interactions in the cochlear sensory epithelium, while CEK4 and CEK8 may play a role in the cochlear innervation.

GATA proteins identify a novel ventral interneuron subclass in the developing chick spinal cord

Members of the GATA transcription factor gene family have been implicated in a variety of developmental processes, including that of the vertebrate central nervous system. However, the role of GATA proteins in spinal cord development remains unresolved. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of two GATA proteins, GATA2 and GATA3, in the developing chick spinal cord. We show that both proteins are expressed by a distinct subpopulation of ventral interneurons that share the same dorsoventral position as CHX10-positive V2 interneurons. However, no coexpression is observed between the two GATA proteins and CHX10. By in vivo notochord grafting and cyclopamine treatment, we demonstrate that the spatially restricted pattern of GATA3 expression is regulated, at least in part, by the signaling molecule Sonic hedgehog. In addition, we further show that Sonic hedgehog induces GATA3 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Using in ovo electroporations, we also demonstrate that GATA2 is upstream of GATA3 in the same epigenetic cascade and that GATA3 is capable of inducing GATA2 expression in vivo. Furthermore, the ectopically expressed GATA proteins can repress differentiation of other ventral cell fates, but not the development of progenitor populations identified by PAX protein expression. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest an important role for GATA2 and GATA3 proteins in the establishment of a distinct ventral interneuron subpopulation in the developing chick spinal cord. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).

In ovo electroporation of Crim1 in the developing chick spinal cord

The novel mammalian gene Crim1 encodes a transmembrane bound protein with similarity to the secreted bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists, vertebrate Chordin, and its Drosophila homologue short gastrulation. Crim1 is expressed in the neural tube in mouse in a restricted pattern, but its function in central nervous system development is largely unknown. We isolated the chicken Crim1 orthologue and analyzed its expression in the developing neural tube. Chicken CRIM1 shares strong homology to human/mouse CRIM1 and C. elegans CRIM1-like proteins. Crim1 is expressed in a similar but not identical pattern to that in the developing spinal cord of mouse, including the notochord, floor plate, motor neurons, and the roof plate. Unlike follistatin, a secreted inhibitor of BMPs, in ovo electroporation of CRIM1, as a full-length transmembrane bound or secreted ectodomain was not sufficient to disrupt early patterning of the neural tube. However, ectodomain CRIM1 overexpression leads to an approximate 50% decrease in populations of specific ventral neuronal populations, including ISL-1(+) motor neurons, CHX-10(+) V1, and EN-1(+) V2 interneurons.

Reciprocal changes in forebrain contents of glycogen and of glutamate/glutamine during early memory consolidation in the day-old chick

Passive avoidance learning is with advantage studied in day-old chicks trained to distinguish between beads of two different colors, of which one at training was associated with aversive taste. During the first 30-min post-training, two periods of glutamate release occur in the forebrain. One period is immediately after the aversive experience, when glutamate release is confined to the left hemisphere. A second release, 30 min later, may be bilateral, perhaps with preponderance of the right hemisphere. The present study showed increased pool sizes of glutamate and glutamine, specifically in the left hemisphere, at the time when the first glutamate release occurs, indicating de novo synthesis of glutamate/glutamine from glucose or glycogen, which are the only possible substrates. Behavioral evidence that memory is extinguished by intracranial administration at this time of iodoacetate, an inhibitor of glycolysis and glycogenolysis, and that the extinction of memory is counteracted by injection of glutamine, supports this concept. A decrease in forebrain glycogen of similar magnitude and coinciding with the increase in glutamate and glutamine suggests that glycogen rather than glucose is the main source of newly synthesized glutamate/glutamine. The second activation of glutamatergic activity 30 min after training, when memory is consolidated into stable, long-term memory, is associated with a bilateral increase in pool size of glutamate/glutamine. No glycogenolysis was observed at this time, but again there is a temporal correlation with sensitivity to inhibition by iodoacetate and rescue by glutamine, indicating the importance of de novo synthesis of glutamate/glutamine from glucose or glycogen. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Aspectos ultra-estruturais da forma epimastigota do Trypanosoma cruzi em meio LIT

E feito um estudo da ultra-estrutura da forma epismastigota do Trypanosoma cruzi mantida em meio de cultivo acelular. O núcleo das formas em divisão apresenta um aspecto homogêneo. Microtúbulos intranucleares são observados durante a divisão. No entanto, a membrana nuclear permanece íntegra. O citoplasma apresenta-se com vacúolos de dimensões e aspectos variados. Com o método do ácido periódico-tiosemicarbazida-proteinato de prata, polissacaríáeos e/ou glicoproteínas foram localizados na membrana celular e na membrana que delimita certos vacúolos citoplasmáticos.

Comprovação parasitológica na fase crônica da doença de Chagas por hemoculturas em meio "LIT"

Foram realizadas hemoculturas seriadas, semeando-se 0,2 ml de sangue de pacientes com Doença de Chagas na fase crônica, em cada um de 14 tubos de ensaio contendo 6 ml de meio LIT. o exame foi repetido por 3 dias consecutivos, obtendo-se um total de 42 tubos semeados, correspondentes a uma série. A colheita do material foi repetida 30 e 60 dias após. As hemoculturas foram mantidas a 28°C e examinadas com 30, 45 e 60 dias. Dos 1337 tubos semeados 54 apresentaram-se positivos, observando-se que a maior freqüência de tubos positivos ocorreu após 45 dias de incubação, o que permitiu o diagnóstico parasitológico de 13 entre 15 pacientes examinados (86,6%). A hemocultura seriada em. meio LIT deve ser considerada como uma técnica a ser utilizada na triagem de pacientes para ensaios clínicos ou outros tipos de pesquisas que indiquem a necessidade de prévio diagnóstico parasitológico. Por ser um método trabalhoso e demorado não é possível recomendar o seu emprego em diagnóstico de rotina.

Martini Vahlii, profess. botan. Haun. membr. societ. lit. plur. Enumeratio plantarum :vel ab aliis, vel, ab ipso observatum, cum earum differentiis specificis, synonymis selectis et descriptionibus succinctis.

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