1000 resultados para Campo rupestre vegetation
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Foram investigadas as estratégias fenológicas de floração e frutificação de Prepusa montana Mart. em uma área de campo rupestre da Chapada Diamantina e a sua influência pela pluviosidade, umidade relativa do ar, temperatura e fotoperíodo. Foram registrados os números de flores, botões e frutos maduros desta espécie, em visitas mensais ao Parque Municipal de Mucugê, em Mucugê, BA, de junho de 2006 a agosto de 2007. Os dados das variáveis ambientais (precipitação média acumulada, temperatura média e umidade relativa do ar) foram coletados em Mucugê e o fotoperíodo da área foi calculado por dados geográficos. Prepusa montana apresentou floração anual com duração intermediária, ocorrendo na época seca. A fenofase de floração não apresentou correlação com a pluviosidade e com a umidade relativa do ar, mas apresentou correlação negativa com a temperatura e com o fotoperíodo. A maturação dos frutos iniciou-se na estação seca e teve sua maior intensidade no início da estação chuvosa. A dispersão das sementes apresentou correlação negativa com a umidade relativa do ar. Por ocorrer ao longo de cursos d'água, a floração de P. montana parece ser independente do estresse hídrico da época de estiagem. A correlação negativa entre a abertura dos frutos e a umidade relativa do ar está associada ao processo de dessecação, necessário para a maturação e a dispersão dos diásporos. Na estação seca, a disseminação das sementes de P. montana pode ser facilitada pelo vento e as chuvas, no início da estação chuvosa, podem também auxiliar na dispersão das sementes, além de garantir maior probabilidade de sua germinação e do estabelecimento das plântulas.
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar marcadores RAPD para conhecer a variabilidade genética de populações de Tibouchina papyrus (Pohl) Toledo, provenientes da região de Serra Dourada e Serra dos Pirineus, no Estado de Goiás. Os seis iniciadores RAPD produziram um total de 147 locos, variando entre 23 e 26 por iniciador. A avaliação hierárquica da estruturação da variabilidade genética, realizada pela a AMOVA, considerando a existência de duas regiões (Serra dos Pirineus e Serra Dourada) apresentou uma estimativa de F ST = 0,3439. O valor do componente entre regiões (F CT) foi igual a 18,96% e a variação entre populações dentro de regiões igual a 15,43%. As estimativas de fluxo gênico sugerem a existência de uma baixa proporção de migrantes entre populações. As análises multivariadas (UPGMA e NMDS) indicam que existe uma relação entre distância genética e espaço geográfico, hipótese esta que foi confirmada por uma análise de padrão espacial utilizando o teste de Mantel (r = 0,71; P = 0,015 com 1000 permutações aleatórias). Os resultados indicam assim que esta estrutura tenha se originado seguindo um modelo de diferenciação estocástica (neutro), ou seja, por um balanço entre fluxo gênico a curtas distâncias e deriva genética nas populações. Os valores de diversidade genética obtidos apóiam a hipótese de que a espécie T. papyrus é uma espécie xenógama facultativa e o fato de não serem encontrados altos níveis de homozigose, indica que devem existir mecanismos relacionados à biologia reprodutiva da espécie, que previnem, de alguma maneira, a ocorrência de elevadas taxas de endogamia, que poderia ter um efeito deletério em médio e longo prazo.
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(Fenologia de floração e polinização de espécies ornitófilas de bromeliáceas em uma área de campo rupestre da Chapada Diamantina, BA, Brasil). Beija-flores são os principais polinizadores de bromeliáceas e a floração sequencial propicia a manutenção local destas aves. Neste estudo investigamos as estratégias fenológicas de floração e os visitantes florais de cinco bromeliáceas ornitófilas em uma área de campo rupestre na Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. Os dados sobre fenologia de floração foram coletados pelo acompanhamento mensal da fenofase de floração de indivíduos no período entre julho de 2006 e dezembro de 2007. Os visitantes florais foram registrados em observações naturalísticas de fevereiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2003 e de julho de 2006 a dezembro de 2007. A maioria das espécies floresceu no fim da estação seca e no início da estação chuvosa; Hohenbergia ramageana Mez apresentou floração contínua na área. A comunidade de bromélias estudada apresentou floração seqüencial e contínua, proporcionando recursos para a manutenção dos polinizadores na área ao longo do ano. Seis troquilídeos, um cerebídeo e três espécies de abelhas visitaram flores das bromélias. Chlorostilbon lucidus (Shaw, 1812), Phaethornis pretrei (Lesson & Delattre, 1839) e Coereba flaveola (Linnaeus, 1759) foram os principais polinizadores das plantas na área. Neoregelia bahiana (Ule) L. B. Sm., de corola de tubo longo é a espécie mais especializada, tendo P. pretrei como seu único polinizador, enquanto H. ramageana, com corola de tubo curto, é a mais generalista, considerada como um importante recurso para os beija-flores da área
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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The Brazilian campos rupestres (high-altitude grasslands) are very important on the world conservation scenario because of high species richness and endemism. These grasslands are regarded as threatened ecosystems due to intense, on-going disruption by man's activities. The aim of this study was to describe the reproductive and vegetative phenological patterns of six shrub species endemic to these grasslands in the Espinhaço Range, sympatric in Serra do Cipó, MG. We tested the relationship between species phenophases and local climate seasonality. We expect that the species phenophases are strongly correlated with variations of the dry and wet seasons. Observations were conducted monthly on reproductive (flowering, fruit production and dispersal) and vegetative (leaf fall and budding) phenophases. Given the combination of reproductive phenology, vegetative phenology, and seasonality, we observed four phenological strategies for the six species. Therefore this study revealed great diversity in phenological patterns, even when considering the small number of species sampled. Moreover, all species showed a significant seasonal pattern for the reproductive phenophases, with high concentrations of species reproducing during a given season, suggesting a key role of climate in defining phenological patterns in the campo rupestre grasslands.
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Three new species of Luxemburgia named as L. furnensis Feres, L. leitonii Feres and L. mogolensis Feres are described and illustrated. A map with the geographical distribution of the new species is provided. Luxemburgia furnensis and L. polyandra A.St.-Hil., both from Minas Gerais, are similar in the absence of cilia on the leaf margin, but L. furnensis differs in the leaf shape, inflorescence and flowers size. Luxemburgia leitonii (also from Minas Gerais) differs from L. macedoi Dwyer (from Goiás) by the smaller flowers and absence of cilia at the margins of the bracts and bracteoles. Luxemburgia mogolensis (from Minas Gerais) resembles L. glazioviana (Engl.) Beauverd (from Rio de Janeiro) in the leaf, bracts and bracteoles shape, and differs by the presence of cilia at the sepals.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Ferruginous "campos rupestres" are a particular type of vegetation growing on iron-rich primary soils. We investigated the influence of soil properties on plant species abundance at two sites of ferruginous "campos rupestres" and one site of quartzitic "campo rupestre", all of them in "Quadrilátero Ferrífero", in Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil. In each site, 30 quadrats were sampled to assess plant species composition and abundance, and soil samples were taken to perform chemical and physical analyses. The analyzed soils are strongly acidic and presented low fertility and high levels of metallic cations; a principal component analysis of soil data showed a clear segregation among sites due mainly to fertility and heavy metals content, especially Cu, Zn, and Pb. The canonical correspondence analysis indicated a strong correlation between plant species abundance and soil properties, also segregating the sites.
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Ferruginous "campos rupestres" are a particular type of vegetation growing on iron-rich primary soils. We investigated the influence of soil properties on plant species abundance at two sites of ferruginous "campos rupestres" and one site of quartzitic "campo rupestre", all of them in "Quadrilátero Ferrífero", in Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil. In each site, 30 quadrats were sampled to assess plant species composition and abundance, and soil samples were taken to perform chemical and physical analyses. The analyzed soils are strongly acidic and presented low fertility and high levels of metallic cations; a principal component analysis of soil data showed a clear segregation among sites due mainly to fertility and heavy metals content, especially Cu, Zn, and Pb. The canonical correspondence analysis indicated a strong correlation between plant species abundance and soil properties, also segregating the sites.
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This paper reports on the April-May 1983 Projeto Flora expedition to Serra do cachimbo in northcentral Brazil, a phytogeographically poorly known area near the transition between the Amazon forest and the central Brazilian planalto. The objective of this expedition was to collect botanical specimens with special emphasis on lichens. Rock outcrops are common in this area and several soil types combined with varied topography give rise to a diversity of vegetation types including Amazon caatinga, campo rupestre, gallery forest and Amazon forest. A preliminary checklist of 91 macrolichens is provided with a discussion of ecological distribution of lichens in each habitat.
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The evolution of organic matter sources in soil is related to climate and vegetation dynamics in the past recorded in paleoenvironmental Quaternary deposits such as peatlands. For this reason, a Histosol of the mineralotrophic peatland from the Pau-de-Fruta Special Protection Area - SPA, Espinhaço Meridional, State of Minas Gerais, was described and characterized to evidence the soil constituent materials and properties as related to changes in environmental conditions, supported by the isotopic and elementary characterization of soil C and N and 14C ages. Samples were collected in a depression at 1,350 m asl, where Histosols are possibly more developed due to the great thickness (505 cm). Nowadays, the area is colonized by vegetation physiognomies of the Cerrado Biome, mainly rocky and wet fields (Campo Rupestre and Campo Úmido), aside from fragments of Semidecidual Seasonal Forest, called Capões forests. The results this study showed that early the genesis of the analyzed soil profile showed a high initial contribution of mostly herbaceous organic matter before 8,090 ± 30 years BP (14C age). In the lower-mid Holocene, between 8,090 ± 30 years AP (14C age) to ± 4,100 years BP (interpolated age), the vegetation gradually became more woody, with forest expansion, possibly due to increased humidity, suggesting the existence of a more woody Cerrado in the past than at present. Drier climate conditions than the current were concluded ± 2,500 years BP (interpolated age) and that after 430 years BP (14C age) the forest gave way to grassland, predominantly. After the dry season, humidity increased to the current conditions. Due to these climate fluctuations during the Holocene, three decomposition stages of organic matter were observed in the Histosols of this study, with prevalence of the most advanced (sapric), typical of a deposit in a highly advanced stage of pedogenetic evolution.
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This paper discusses the phenological strategies of Melocactus glaucescens Buining & Brederoo, M. paucispinus G. Heimen & R. Paul, M. ernestii Vaupel and M. ×albicephalus Buining & Brederoo, species from Chapada Diamantina, northeastern Brazil. Melocactus glaucescens, M. ernestii and M. ×albicephalus occur sympatrically in an area of "caatinga"/"cerrado" vegetation, and M. paucispinus in an area of "cerrado"/"campo rupestre". The superposition of flowering in these sympatric taxa was compared and analyzed. The phenology of M. paucispinus was correlated with both abiotic and biotic factors. Flowering of M. glaucescens and M. ×albicephalus were observed to be continuous (though with moderate peaks of activity), while fruiting was sub-annual. Melocactus ernestii exhibited an annual pattern of both flowering and fruiting; while in M. paucispinus the same patterns were sub-annual. These sympatric taxa showed 40% overlap of flowering periods, reaching to more than 50% in paired combinations of taxa, considering both the number of specimens flowering, as well as the quantity of resources being offered. Available information indicates that these taxa share pollinators, but phenological data rejects the hypothesis of shared pollinators and supports the hypothesis of hybridization in the study area. Rainfall was negatively correlated with flowering in M. paucispinus, but positively correlated with fruiting. Flowering of M. paucispinus in dry periods of the year avoids that erect flowers positioned in terminal cephalium, exposed in open areas of the vegetation, be damaged for the rains, while fruiting in rainy periods can be favorable to the dispersion and germination of this species.
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We studied the distribution of birds along an altitudinal gradient ranging from 800 m to 1,400 m on two slopes of the Serra do Cip6, Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Ornithological surveys were conducted over transects covering open (cerrado, campo rupestre) and forested (gallery and Atlantic forest) habitats from 1994 to 2000. We found 273 bird species belonging to 51 families. Twenty-two species were restricted to higher elevations and 84 Species were detected on only one slope, depending on the vegetation type they inhabited. We recorded 104 species occurring on both slopes, while 61 species were considered altitudinal generalists. Six species, including Hyacinth Visorbearer Augastes scutatus and Cip6 Canastero Asthenes luizae were restricted to the highest parts of Serra do Cip6, a fragile habitat important to endemic birds of the Espinhaco Range. In the past 10 years, the Serra do Cip6 region has suffered human impacts on a large scale, and conservation action must be developed to protect the fauna and flora confined to the area.
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)