Cytoarchitecture and musculotopic organization of the facial motor nucleus in Cebus apella monkey

The architecture and musculotopic organization of the facial motor nucleus in the Cebus apella monkey (a New World primate) were investigated using histological techniques and a multiple labelling strategy, in which horseradish peroxidase-conjugated neuroanatomical tracers (CTB-HRP and WGA-HRP) and fluorescent tracers were injected into individual facial muscles. The facial motor nucleus was formed by multipolar motoneurons and had an ovoid shape, with its rostrocaudal axis measuring on average 1875 mum. We divided the nucleus into four different subnuclei: medial, intermediate, dorsal and lateral. Retrograde labelling patterns revealed that individual muscles were innervated by longitudinal functional columns of motoneurons. The columns of the orbicularis oculi, zygomaticus, orbicularis oris, auricularis superior, buccinator and platysma muscles were located in the dorsal, intermediate, lateral, medial, lateral and intermediate subnuclei, respectively. However, the motoneuron columns of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle and frontalis muscle could not be associated with a specific subnucleus. The present results confirm previous studies regarding the musculotopic organization of the facial motor nucleus. However, we observed some particularities in terms of the relative size of each column in C. apella, which might be related to the functional and behavioral importance of each muscle in the particular context of this primate.

In vitro evaluation of the antioxidant activity of liposomal flavonols by the HRP--H(2)O(2)--luminol system

Considering that antioxidant flavonols have been reported to be beneficial to human health, but that their low water solubility and bioavailability limit their administration through systemic route, the development of suitable flavonol-carriers is of great importance for clinical therapeutics. The aim of this study was to prepare liposomes containing flavonols or not and evaluate their antioxidant activity. Vesicles were obtained by ethanol injection method and characterized in terms of entrapment efficiency, size and zeta potential. Inhibitory activity of liposomal flavonols on reactive oxygen species generation was assessed in vitro using luminol--H(2)O(2)--horseradish peroxidase technique. Antioxidant activity of liposomal flavonols is dependent on concentration and chemical structure of active compound. Quercetin and myricetin are the most active flavonols (IC(50) == 0.6--0.9 mu A mu mol/L), followed by kaempferol (IC(50) == 3.0--4.5 mu A mu mol/L) and galangin (IC(50) == 4.0--7.0 mu A mu mol/L). Our results suggest that antioxidant-loaded liposomes may be promising tools for therapy of diseases where oxidative stress is involved.

Rossignols amoureux : extrait d'"Hippolyte et Aricie" / Rameau, comp. ; Leïla Ben Sedira, S ; Quintette [i.e.] instrumental Pierre Jamet. Psyché / Manuel de Falla, comp. ; Leïla Ben Sedira, S ; G. Crunelle, fl. ; P. Jamet, hrp

Comprend : Rossignols amoureux / Rameau, comp. ; Leïla Ben Sedira, S ; G. Crunelle, fl. ; P. Jamet, hrp ; Psyché / Manuel de Falla, comp. ; Leïla Ben Sedira, S ; Quintette [i.e.] instrumental Pierre Jamet

The supernova remnant CTB 37B and its associated magnetar CXOU J171405.7-381031: evidence for a magnetar-driven remnant

We discuss the association between the candidate magnetar CXOU J171405.7-381031 and the supernova remnant CTB 37B. The recent detection of the period derivative of the object allowed an estimation of a young characteristic age of only similar to 1000 yr. This value is too small to be compatible even with the minimum radius of the remnant being >= 10 pc, the value corresponding to the lower limit of the estimated distance of 10.2 +/- 3.5 kpc, unless the true distance happens to be even smaller than the lower limit. We argue that a consistent scenario for the remnant`s origin, in which the latter is powered by the energy injected by a young magnetar, is indeed more accurate to explain the young age, and demonstrates its non-standard (i.e. magnetar-driven) nature.

Carbamide Peroxide Determination in Tooth Whitening Using a Reagentless HRP-Biosensor

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito citotóxico do sistema HRP/Indóis em células McCoy in vitro

Pós-graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia Aplicadas à Farmácia - FCFAR

Synthese funktionalisierter Phenolpolymere durch HRP-katalysierte Polyrekombination

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Die durch das Enzym Horseradish Peroxidase katalysierte oxidative Polymerisation substituierter Phenole gewährt einen bequemen Zugang zu funktionalisierten Phenolpolymeren, deren Anwendung als Ersatz für konventionelle Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harze zur Zeit intensiv erforscht wird. Zur Zeit werden Polymerisation dieser Art in Mischungen aus organischen Lösungsmitteln (z.B. 1,4-Dioxan) und Puffer durchgeführt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde eine HRP-katalysierte Phenolpolymerisation von wasserunlöslichen Methacryloyl- und Maleinimid-substituierten Phenolen in 100% Pufferlösung durch die Verwendung von 2,6-methylierten Cyclodextrinen als carrier erreicht. Die so hergestellten Oligomere wurden mit Styrol und MMA copolymerisiert. Weitere Untersuchungen hatten die Synthese photoreaktiver Phenolpolymere mit Zimtsäure- oder Nitrongruppen in der Seitenkette, die Synthese thermisch vernetzbarer Phenolcopolymere aus Furan-2-carboxylsäure-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-amid und N-methacryloyl-11-aminoundecanoyl-4-hydroxyanilid sowie die Synthese eines Redoxpolymeren ausgehend von 4-Aminophenol zum Ziel. Daneben wurden Strategien zur enzymatisch katalysierten Synthese von Poly[para-phenylenen], hyperverzweigten Phenolpolymeren und biologisch aktiven Phenolpolymeren entwickelt, und detaillierte Untersuchungen zum Polymerisationsmechanismus und zur Struktur der entstehenden Phenolpolymere vorgestellt. Die vorgestellten Phenolpolymere bestehen hoechstwahrscheinlich aus polyaromatischen Helices, da diese p-substituierten Phenole während des Rekombinationsprozesses bevorzugt an den ortho-Positionen rekombinieren.