808 resultados para CONFLICTOS ETNICOS - MOLDAVIA - 1991-2008


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La investigación hace un análisis descriptivo de los intereses en materia de seguridad de Rusia y la Unión Europea en el conflicto moldovo-transnistrio. Para lograr esto se tuvo en cuenta la importancia geoestratégica de Moldavia y el papel de Ucrania, en el juego geopolítico de ambos actores.

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The Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) is one of the most endangered primates in the world, confined to mature natural forest in Hainan Island, China. We assessed changes in habitat condition on the island between 1991 and 2008, using vegetation maps generated by remote-sensing images. We defined forest suitable for gibbons based on composition, tree size and canopy cover. During the 17-year period, the area of suitable gibbon forest decreased by 540 km(2) (35%) across the whole island, and by 6.3 km(2) (7%) in the locality of the sole remaining gibbon population at Bawangling National Nature Reserve. The forest patches large enough (>1 km(2)) to support a gibbon group decreased from 754 km(2) to 316 km(2) in total area, and from 92 to 64 in number. Suitable natural forest was mainly replaced by plantations below 760 m, or degraded by logging, grazing and planting of pines above 760 m. Meanwhile, forests in former confirmed gibbon areas became more fragmented: mean area of patches decreased by 53%. We mapped the patches of natural forest in good condition which could potentially support gibbons. We recommend a freeze on further expansion of plantations between core patches at Bawangling, Jiaxi-Houmiling and Yinggeling Nature Reserves in accordance with forest protection regulations; establishment of nature reserves in currently unprotected natural forest patches elsewhere in line with the local government's nature reserve expansion policy; and active natural-forest restoration between remaining fragments at Bawangling. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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This study focuses on those substantial changes that characterize the shift of Vietnam’s macroeconomic structures and evolution of micro-structural interaction over an important period of 1991-2008. The results show that these events are completely distinct in terms of (i) Economic nature; (ii) Scale and depth of changes; (iii) Start and end results; and, (iv) Requirement for macroeconomic decisions. The study rejected a suspicion of similarity between the contagion of the Asian financial crisis in 1997-98 and economic chaos in the first half of 2008 (starting from late 2007). The depth, economic settings of, and interconnection between macro choices and micro decisions have all grown up significantly, partly due to a much deeper level of integration of Vietnam into the world’s economy. On the one hand, this phenomenon gives rise to efficiency of macro level policies because the consideration of micro-structural factors within the framework has definitely become increasingly critical. On the other and, this is a unique opportunity for the macroeconomic mechanism of Vietnam to improve vastly, given the context in which the national economy entered an everchanging period under pressures of globalization and re-integration. The authors hope to also open up paths for further empirical verifications and to stress on the fact that macro policies will have, from now on, to be decided in line with changing micro-settings, which specify a market economy and decide the degree of success of any macroeconomic choices.

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La existencia de una red de diferentes niveles de gobernanza europea, que integre a los gobiernos locales, regionales y nacionales en el espectro supranacional, sumada al actual orden internacional globalizado, hace que algunas decisiones tomadas a nivel comunitario afecten directamente a los gobiernos que se encuentran por debajo del Estado Central. Como resultado, estos actores subnacionales han buscado la apertura de espacios para su participación en la construcción de la Unión Europea y en los procesos de toma de decisiones a escala supranacional, ya sea a través de sus gobiernos nacionales o realizando actividades internacionales no centrales. Éste es el caso de los gobiernos de Mecklemburgo-Pomerania Occidental (Mecklenburg Vorpommern), Land de la República Federal de Alemania, e Isla de Francia (Île-de-France), región de la República de Francia.

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It is crucial for aging societies to evaluate trends in cancer mortality rates of older adults. This study examined socio-demographic and regional characteristics specifically focused on the cancer mortality experience of older adults in Switzerland.

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Cancer is disease of aging that disproportionately affects older adults and often results in considerable public health consequences. This study evaluated gender-age-specific cancer mortality risk factors in older adults in Switzerland with attention to the most common types of cancer.

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Bogotá (Colombia): Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Contables. Programa de Administración de Empresas

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En este artículo se identifican y analizan algunas de las categorías utilizadas por la prensa colombiana para representar a los campesinos, específicamente en los periódicos El Tiempo y Boyacá 7 Días entre los años 1991 y 2008. Me concentro en dos de los temas más sobresalientes en las referencias al campesinado: el conflicto armado y las movilizaciones campesinas. Con base en un análisis de discurso al corpus textual de la muestra, argumento que entre la década de los noventa y los primeros años del 2000, no se ha dado un cambio significativo en los términos que definen y representan al campesinado. Los textos periodísticos oscilan constantemente entre las representaciones de los campesinos como víctimas o como subversivos y victimarios, difundiendo así una construcción discursiva contradictoria y simplista de la heterogénea y compleja población campesina colombiana.

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The dissertation focuses on the development of music education in Estonian kindergartens and the factors influencing it, analysed in the historical perspective relying on post-positivist paradigm. The study is based on the factors and subjects’ views on kindergarten music education from 1905 to 2008, recorded in written sources or ascertained by means of questionnaire and interview. The dissertation deals with music’s functions, music education in retrospective, factors influencing child’s musical aptitude and development and teacher’s role in it through the prism of history. The formation of Estonian kindergarten music education and the phenomenon of its development have been researched by stages: the first manifestations of music in kindergarten in 1905 - 1940; the formation of the concept of music education in 1941 - 1967 and the application of a unified system in 1968 - 1990. The work also outlines innovative trends in music education at the end of the last millennium and the beginning of this century, in 1991 - 2008. The study relies on a combined design and an analysis of historical archival material and empirical data. The empirical part of the study is based on the questionnaire (n=183) and interviews (n=18) carried out with kindergarten music teachers. The data has been analysed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The subject of the research is the content and activity types of kindergarten music education and the role of music teacher in their implementation. The study confirmed that fundamental changes took place in Estonian kindergarten music education due to the change in political power in the 1940s. Following the example of the Soviet system of education, music in kindergarten became an independent music educational orientation and the position of a professionally trained music teacher was established (1947). It was also confirmed that in the newly independent Estonian Republic under the influence of innovative trends a new paradigm of music education arose from the traditional singing-centred education towards the more balanced use of music activity types (attaching importance to the child-centred approach, an increase in the number and variety of activity types). The most important conclusions made in the dissertation are that there has been improvement and development deriving from contemporary trends in the clear concept that has evolved in Estonian kindergarten music education over a century; professionally trained music teachers have had a crucial role in shaping it; and kindergarten music education is firmly positioned as a part of preschool education in Estonian system of education. Key words: early childhood music education, history of music education, kindergarten music education, early childhood music teachers

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A partir de la constitución de 1991 en Colombia se instauró la democracia participativa como el mecanismo idóneo para relegitimar al Estado, y como medio para incluir en el tránsito político a los sectores marginados de la sociedad colombiana. No obstante, el andamiaje y el juego participativo no dan prueba de ello, y por el contrario, lo que se expresa en la realidad política colombiana, es un escenario de mayores niveles de exclusión y marginalidad que se han incrementado por factores como la democracia participativa. Lo que pretende el presente escrito es demostrar el cómo se convierte la democracia participativa en un instrumento de dominación que favorece los intereses privilegiados de determinados actores, así como demostrar los fenómenos contradictorios que se establecieron en la constituyente de 1991 y que dieron forma al paradigma participativo.

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A dos años de la declaración unilateral de Independencia de Kosovo, 65 Estados han reconocido el autoproclamado Estado, de los 193 Estados reconocidos por la ONU. Serbia, gobernada por demócratas europeístas, ha asegurado que no aceptará ninguna solución unilateral para el problema de Kosovo. El presente trabajo no pretende hacer una defensa desde el punto de vista identitario del derecho de Serbia a poseer Kosovo, sino que intenta alertar de los peligros que conlleva realizar acciones unilaterales con trasfondos etnicistas. Esta monografía constituye una defensa del multilateralismo regional y la defensa de los ciudadanos per se, sin distinciones de etnia o religión.

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Después de los ataques del 11 de septiembre de 2001, Pakistán se ha convertido en uno de los principales aliados de Estados Unidos para combatir las fuerzas terroristas de Al-Qaeda y los talibán en el centro y sur de Asia. La alianza bilateral no ha manifestado resultados determinantes para aliviar los problemas de seguridad en Pakistán, por el contrario, la yihad islámica se ha fortalecido en su población y los ataques terroristas que atentan contra la población civil y el aparato estatal se vuelven cada vez mas frecuentes, en razón de lo anterior, los grupos insurgentes en Pakistán han fortalecido su capacidad operativa y expandido su escenario de influencia.

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Contiene: Cuaderno del profesor y fichas de clase para el alumno en Valenciano y en Castellano. Ejemplar fotocopiado