Year 6 students' idiosyncratic notions of unitising, reunitising and regrouping decimal number places

Having flexible notions of the unit (e.g., 26 ones can be thought of as 2.6 tens, 1 ten 16 ones, 260 tenths, etc.) should be a major focus of elementary mathematics education. However, often these powerful notions are relegated to computations where the major emphasis is on "getting the right answer" thus procedural knowledge rather than conceptual knowledge becomes the primary focus. This paper reports on 22 high-performing students' reunitising processes ascertained from individual interviews on tasks requiring unitising, reunitising and regrouping; errors were categorised to depict particular thinking strategies. The results show that, even for high-performing students, regrouping is a cognitively complex task. This paper analyses this complexity and draws inferences for teaching.

Strategies for comparing decimal numbers with the same whole-number part

The strategies employed by 130 Grade 5 Brisbane students in comparing decimal numbers which have the same whole-number part were compared with those identified in similar studies conducted in the USA, France and Israel. Three new strategies were identified. Similar to USA results, the most common comparison errors stemmed from the incorrect whole-number strategy in which length is confused with size. The findings of this present study tend to support Resnick et al.’s (1989) hypothesis that the introduction of decimal-fraction recording before common-fraction recording seems to promote better comparison of decimal numbers.

Construction of multiplicative abstract schema for decimal-number numeration

This paper reports on an intervention study planned to help Year 6 students construct the multiplicative structure underlying decimal-number numeration. Three types of intervention were designed from a numeration model developed from a large study of 173 Year 6 students’ decimal-number knowledge. The study found that students could acquire multiplicative structure as an abstract schema if instruction took account of prior knowledge as informed by the model.

Place value, multiplicativity, reunitizing and effective classroom teaching of decimal numeration

Student understanding of decimal number is poor (e.g., Baturo, 1998; Behr, Harel, Post & Lesh, 1992). This paper reports on a study which set out to determine the cognitive complexities inherent in decimal-number numeration and what teaching experiences need to be provided in order to facilitate an understanding of decimal-number numeration. The study gave rise to a theoretical model which incorporated three levels of knowledge. Interview tasks were developed from the model to probe 45 students’ understanding of these levels, and intervention episodes undertaken to help students construct the baseline knowledge of position and order (Level 1 knowledge) and an understanding of multiplicative structure (Level 3 knowledge). This paper describes the two interventions and reports on the results which suggest that helping students construct appropriate mental models is an efficient and effective teaching strategy.

Co-constructing decimal number knowledge

This mathematics education research provides significant insights for the teaching of decimals to children. It is well known that decimals is one of the most difficult topics to learn and teach. Annette’s research is unique in that it focuses not only on the cognitive, but also on the affective and conative aspects of learning and teaching of decimals. The study is innovative as it includes the students as co-constructors and co-researchers. The findings open new ways of thinking for educators about how students cognitively process decimal knowledge, as well as how students might develop a sense of self as a learner, teacher and researcher in mathematics.

Fractional versus decimal pricing: Evidence from the UK Long Gilt futures market

ap Gwilym, Owain, McManus, Ian, and Thomas, Stephen, 'Fractional versus decimal pricing: Evidence from the UK Long Gilt futures market', Journal of Futures Markets (2005) 25(5) pp.419-442 RAE2008

Equivalencias y valor de posición: elementos que orientan el funcionamiento del sistema de numeración decimal

El SND ha sido considerado un aspecto básico dentro del currículo de matemáticas, debido a su funcionalidad en los procesos de escritura de cantidades y en el desarrollo de algoritmos de operaciones básicas. Acorde a ello, la escuela dedica gran cantidad de tiempo al proceso de escritura y reconocimiento de cantidades, a la comparación de cantidades y al reconocimiento del valor posicional de una cifra, pero aun así los estudiantes no logran comprender los principios báscos del sistema. La presente propuesta se basa en la sistematización de una secuencia de actividades de aula orientada al reconocimiento de los principios que estructuran y dan sentido al S.N.D. como es el proceso de equivalencias entre las unidades del sistema y el reconocimiento del valor de posición de una cifra dada. Para llevar a cabo el proceso de sistematización de experiencias, se retomaron los principios metodológicos de la investigación acción educativa. Estas orientaciones permiten una búsqueda continua de alternativas de trabajo, y a la vez integran la exploración reflexiva que el docente hace de su práctica incidiendo en la lanificación y el mejoramiento de la misma, lo cual constituye un elemento esencial para la formación investigativa de los futuros docentes de matemáticas

El análisis didáctico y el estudio de los cambios curriculares en la enseñanza de la aritmética: la implantación del Sistema Métrico Decimal en España

Presentamos los resultados de un estudio histórico sobre los cambios curriculares en libros de texto de matemáticas con la introducción del Sistema Métrico Decimal en España durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. El estudio se orientó por el método histórico y el Análisis Didáctico como herramienta para el estudio de libros de texto históricos. Esto ha permitido caracterizar la inclusión de este sistema metrológico en libros de texto para primaria, secundaria y la formación de maestros mediante la identificación y descripción de la estructura conceptual, los procedimientos, representaciones y contextos con que se incluyó a las unidades de pesas y medidas métrico-decimales en los tópicos de aritmética. El estudio proporciona antecedentes históricos e información relevante para comparar y caracterizar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la aritmética enfocando el SMD en el currículo español desde su implantación hasta la actualidad.

Cost-Efficient Decimal Adder Design in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata

Applications that cannot tolerate the loss of accuracy that results from binary arithmetic demand hardware decimal arithmetic designs. Binary arithmetic in Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology has been extensively investigated in recent years. However, only limited attention has been paid to QCA decimal arithmetic. In this paper, two cost-efficient binary-coded decimal (BCD) adders are presented. One is based on the carry flow adder (CFA) using a conventional correction method. The other uses the carry look ahead (CLA) algorithm which is the first QCA CLA decimal adder proposed to date. Compared with previous designs, both decimal adders achieve better performance in terms of latency and overall cost. The proposed CFA-based BCD adder has the smallest area with the least number of cells. The proposed CLA-based BCD adder is the fastest with an increase in speed of over 60% when compared with the previous fastest decimal QCA adder. It also has the lowest overall cost with a reduction of over 90% when compared with the previous most cost-efficient design.