Comparison of Brucella agar, CITA and Farrel media for selective isolation of Brucella abortus from semen of bovine bulls

Brucellosis remains as a public health concern worldwide. In domestic animals, the disease is characterized by reproductive disorders in male and female. Besides extensive use of serological tests and recent development of molecular biology techniques, microbiological culture of Brucella species is yet considered a “gold standard” method for diagnosis. Here, semen of 335 bovine bulls was subjected simultaneously to microbiological culture in Brucella agar, Farrell media, and CITA media to evaluate comparatively the best selective media for isolation of Brucella sp. Among all 335 samples, B. abortus B19 strain was isolated from semen of five (1.49%) bulls using the three selective media. However, Farrell media was considered the best selective media for microbiological diagnosis, because of allowed isolation of B. abortus B19 strain from bull semen without bacterial commensal or fungal contamination of plates.

Centros docentes de la nueva España : el Instituto Nacional de Enseñanza Media Ramiro de Maeztu.

Se cita la creación del Instituto sobre el edificio del Instituto-Escuela fundado por la Institución Libre de Enseñanza. Se describe su ubicación, el grupo escolar de Primera Enseñanza, la selección del alumnado, el pabellón de Enseñanza Media, los dos internados: uno para los alumnos españoles matriculados en el instituto, y el 'Hispano-Marroquí', para hijos de altos funcionarios y otros notables de Marruecos hasta que se inaugure el internado que proyecta el Instituto .

Evaluation of Three Formulations of Culture Media for Isolation of Brucella spp. regarding Their Ability to Inhibit the Growth of Contaminating Organisms

Three culture media (Brucella agar, Farrell medium, and CITA) were compared for their effectiveness in inhibiting contamination and for isolating Brucella spp. One hundred lymph nodes from pigs (n = 50) and wild boars (n = 50) with lymphadenitis were collected in slaughterhouses in the State of Sao Paulo and were assessed on these three selective media for Brucella spp. All of the samples were negative for Brucella spp. on the three culture media. On the agar medium, fungal (70 plates) and Gram-positive bacterial (59 plates) contaminants were observed; in the CITA medium, the absence of fungal and Gram-positive bacteria on 15 plates was observed; no bacterial or fungal growth was observed on the Farrell media. The results demonstrated that the CITA and Farrell media inhibited the growth of contaminants better than the Brucella agar.

El Rey. Virreyes, Presidentes ... de mis Reynos de las Indias ... con fecha de quatro de junio del año de mil seiscientos quarenta y nueve se expidió la Real Cedula del tenor siguiente : ...Por quanto los empeños en que mi Real Hacienda se hallaba ... [he resuelto] que de las mercedes que yo hiciere de oficios en los reynos de las Indias, se haya de pagar y pague de contado la primera paga de la ... antigua media annata ... Fecha en San Ildefonso a veinte y nueve de agosto de mil setecientos ochenta y uno.

En fin de texto consta : Para que en los Reynos de las Indias, Islas Philipinas, y de Barlovento se lléve á debido efecto lo mandado en la Real Cedula que se inserta, y otra que se cita de dos de Junio de mil setecientos cincuenta y cinco, por las quales se libertó de la satisfaccion del Real Derecho de Media Annata á los Corregidores, Alcaldes Mayores, y demás Ministros de Justicia, de qualquiera calidad que fuesen, de los Lugares de Señorío, en todo lo que no sea contrario á los posteriores Reales Providencias, dada por punto general sobre el modo, y forma de cobrarse el referido Derecho.

A second order control-volume finite-element least-squares strategy for simulating diffusion in strongly anisotropic media

An unstructured mesh �nite volume discretisation method for simulating di�usion in anisotropic media in two-dimensional space is discussed. This technique is considered as an extension of the fully implicit hybrid control-volume �nite-element method and it retains the local continuity of the ux at the control volume faces. A least squares function recon- struction technique together with a new ux decomposition strategy is used to obtain an accurate ux approximation at the control volume face, ensuring that the overall accuracy of the spatial discretisation maintains second order. This paper highlights that the new technique coincides with the traditional shape function technique when the correction term is neglected and that it signi�cantly increases the accuracy of the previous linear scheme on coarse meshes when applied to media that exhibit very strong to extreme anisotropy ratios. It is concluded that the method can be used on both regular and irregular meshes, and appears independent of the mesh quality.