Benalúa de Alicante: la identidad de un barrio transformado reconsiderada desde la actualidad

Se muestra el estudio de la evolución del barrio residencial de Benalúa, una de las áreas más singulares y valoradas de la ciudad de Alicante, España, que ha transformado completamente su imagen original. Se hace una lectura global cronológica desde su formación y primera consolidación (1883-1900) hasta el momento actual (2011) y, como conclusiones, se identifican y destacan las claves que han propiciado mantener su identidad en el complejo proceso de adaptación y cambio a las nuevas demandas y necesidades urbanas; cualidades que devienen, exclusiva y directamente, de la calidad urbanística y validez de su proyecto. Como base del análisis, se incluyen algunos de los materiales estudiados en el transcurso de la investigación, la mayoría inéditos y de amplio contenido gráfico, con especial interés en los proyectos de obra.

El sueño de un barrio y la problemática del ensanche: la obra inconclusa de Benalúa de Alicante (1883-1896)

El presente artículo describe la construcción de Benalúa, según proyecto del arquitecto José Guardiola Picó (1883), una de las áreas más singulares de la ciudad de Alicante -España-. Se realiza una exposición cronológica desde su concepción, documentando las tramitaciones legales que conllevaron su aprobación, hasta el cese en sus funciones de la Sociedad Anónima Los Diez Amigos, promotora y constructora del barrio (1896), sin finalizar con éxito el proyecto emprendido. Del estudio se concluyen tanto los aspectos más relevantes que caracterizaron el desarrollo de las obras del barrio como las causas que propiciaron el abandono de la Sociedad, siendo éstas exclusivamente económicas, con especial interés en la problemática que llegó a generar el proyecto y ejecución del Ensanche de Alicante.

Immigration experience of Latin American working women in Alicante, Spain: an ethnographic study

Objective: to describe the experience of Latin American working women regarding immigration, taking into account the expectations and conditions in which this process takes place. Method: ethnographic qualitative study. Data collection was performed by means of semi-structured interviews with 24 Latin American immigrant women in Spain. The information collected was triangulated through two focal groups. Results: the expectations of migrant women focus on improving family living conditions. Social support is essential for their settling and to perform daily life activities. They declare they have adapted to the settlement country, although they live with stress. They perceive they have greater sexual freedom and power with their partners but keep greater responsibility in childcare, combining that with the role of working woman. Conclusions: migrant women play a key role in the survival of households, they build and create new meanings about being a woman, their understanding of life, their social and couple relationships. Such importance is shaped by their expectations and the conditions in which the migration process takes place, as well as their work integration.

La influencia normativa y de los propietarios del suelo en la formación del barrio de Benalúa, Alicante (1883)

El presente artículo plantea el doble objetivo de subsanar, por un lado, el vacío documental existente en relación a cómo influyeron los condicionantes sociopolíticos y económicos, normativas del momento y exigencias de los propietarios del suelo en la concepción del singular barrio de Benalúa de Alicante (España), proyectado por el arquitecto José Guardiola Picó (1883); y, por otro, difundir en el ámbito internacional el conocimiento de esta actuación relevante que, anticipándose a la ejecución del ensanche de la ciudad (1898), encabezó los primeros intentos de industrialización y control del crecimiento urbano, para que sirva de base a futuras investigaciones y estudios comparativos con actuaciones semejantes de Europa y América. De la exposición se concluyen las cualidades e identidad de un barrio pionero en atender, por iniciativa particular y de modo sectorial, la necesidad higienista y reflexión urbanística que precisaba la ciudad, reflejo de la calidad arquitectónica manifiesta desde su proyecto. Asimismo, el porqué de la aparición de ciertas variaciones dimensionales en la coherencia de su trazado, el origen de la parcela y manzana tipo que lo configuraron y otras influencias en el programa y diseño de la vivienda, que sólo pueden explicarse desde regulaciones e intereses externos a la propia génesis proyectual. Reflexiones que constatan las claves del proyecto que confirieron al barrio la capacidad de asumir, sin perder su cualidad, los sucesivos procesos de adaptación y transformación impuestos.

Primeras políticas de vivienda en España y su influencia en la evolución de la tipología residencial: el caso de Benalúa (1883-1956)

El estudio del proceso de adaptación tipológica de las arquitecturas residenciales del barrio de Benalúa, una de las áreas consolidadas más singulares de la ciudad de Alicante (España), constituye un ejemplo clave para entender el alcance que tuvieron las primeras políticas de vivienda aplicadas en ese país, con anterioridad a la redacción de los Planes Generales que, en el transcurso del siglo XX, fueron ordenando las ciudades españolas y que en el caso de Alicante coincidió con la aprobación de la primera Ley del Suelo estatal (1956). De su análisis se obtienen las conclusiones que identifican los procedimientos que, por cambios sociales, políticos, de normativa o presión del mercado inmobiliario, condicionaron la evolución de la vivienda durante siete décadas, huellas que en la actualidad vienen desapareciendo a un ritmo vertiginoso, constatando el grado de intervención del Estado y de los municipios, así como su influencia y responsabilidad en la determinación de los tipos edificatorios.

Acceptability of pandemic A(H1N1) influenza vaccination by Essential Community Workers in 2010 Alicante (Spain), perceived seriousness and sources of information

Objective. Describe acceptability of pandemic A(H1N1) influenza vaccination by Essential Community Workers (ECWs) from Alicante province (Spain) in January 2010. Evaluate the correlation with attitudes, beliefs, professional advice and information broadcasted by media. Method. In this cross-sectional study, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 742 ECWs to assess their attitudes towards vaccination against the pandemic influenza strain. A multivariable regression model was made to adjust the Odds Ratios (ORs). Results. Some ECWs reported having been vaccinated with seasonal vaccine, 21.5% (95%IC 18.6–24.9); only 15.4% (95%IC 12.8–18.4) with the pandemic one. ECWs vaccinated regularly against seasonal flu (OR 5.1; 95%IC 2.9–9.1), those who considered pandemic influenza as a severe or more serious disease than seasonal flu (OR 3.8; 95%IC 2.1–6.7) and those who never had doubts about vaccine safety (OR 3.7; 95%IC2.1–6.7) had a better acceptance of pandemic vaccine. Finally, 78.7% (95%IC 75.1–81.4) had doubts about pandemic vaccine's effectiveness. Conclusion. The vast amount of information provided by the media did not seem to be decisive to prevent doubts or to improve the acceptability of the vaccine in ECWs. Professional advice should be the focus of interest in future influenza vaccination campaigns. These results should be taken into account by health authorities.

Construction of 17-19th century domes in the province of Alicante (Spain): the case of San Juan Bautista in Cox

From the late seventeenth to early nineteenth centuries, many religious temples have been built in the province of Alicante (south east of Spain) with brick domes as their main characteristic feature. Often, the limited data available about these remarkable constructions make rehabilitation interventions become into real research projects, with a high value for their historic conservation over time. The aim of this paper is to show a detailed refurbishment analysis of a religious temple built in 1778, showing the need of preservation of historic buildings as a part of the architectural heritage by establishing a common pattern of materials, geometry and constructive systems, specifically in their domes. In most cases, there was not an architectural project for the construction, that is why the analysis of any documentary and archival sources available is essential to find different ways to proceed on the use and maintenance of these religious buildings.

High Speed Rail Passenger Profile in Sun and Beach Tourism Destinations: The Case of Alicante (Spain)

This paper aims to study and highlight the profile of the high speed rail (HSR) passenger in the case of the well-known sun and beach destination of Alicante, located in the Southeast of Spain. This region, which is directly connected with Madrid, differs from others because of its warm and sunny weather. The province is a tourist destination for both Spanish citizens and foreigners. However, the studies on the dynamics of the corridor towards Madrid and Alicante regarding HSR are quite recent and it is not possible to draw final conclusions about its impact on tourist mobility.

Amphipoda assemblages in a disturbed area (Alicante, Spain, Western Mediterranean)

The distribution and composition of Amphipoda assemblages were analysed off the coasts of Alicante (Spain, Western Mediterranean), a disturbed area affected by several co-occurring anthropogenic impacts. Although differences among sampled stations were mainly related to natural parameters, anthropogenic activities were linked with changes in amphipod assemblages. Expansion of the Port of Alicante, a sewage outfall and a high salinity brine discharge could be causing the disappearance of amphipods at stations closer to these disturbances. However, the completion of port enlargement works and mitigatory dilution of the brine discharge has led to the recovery of the amphipod assemblage. Among the natural parameters, depth determines the distribution of some of the species. While Siphonoecetes sabatieri was abundant at shallow stations, Ampelisca spp., Photis longipes, Pseudolirius kroyeri, Apherusa chiereghinii and Phtisica marina were more abundant at deeper stations. Grain size and percentage of organic matter also influenced amphipod distribution, resulting in changes in species composition and in the relative percentages of different trophic groups. Species such as Ampelisca brevicornis, Perioculodes longimanus, Urothoe hesperiae and Urothoe elegans were more abundant at stations with a high content of fine sand. Carnivorous species, mainly of the Oedicerotidae family, were more abundant at those stations with a low organic matter content, while detritivorous species were more abundant at stations with a higher mud content. Among 62 identified species, three were reported for the first time from the Spanish Mediterranean coast, two species were recorded for the second time and a new species of Siphonoecetes was found, Siphonoecetes (Centraloecetes) bulborostrum. These results confirm the need for further data on amphipods from the Mediterranean Spanish coast.

A Case Study of Geometric Modelling via 3-D Point Interpolation for the Bathymetry of the Rabasa Lakes (Alicante, Spain)

The interpolation of points by means of Information Technology programs appears as a technical tool of some relevancy in the hydrogeology in general and in the study of the humid zones in particular. Our approach has been the determination of the 3-D geometry of the humid zones of major depth of the Rabasa Lakes. To estimate the topography of the lake bed, we proceed to acquire information in the field by means of sonar and GPS equipment. A total of 335 points were measured both on the perimeter and in the lake bed. In a second stage, this information was used in a kriging program to obtain the bathymetry of the wetland. This methodology is demonstrated as one of the most reliable and cost-efficient for the 3-D analysis of this type of water masses. The bathymetric study of the zone allows us to characterize the mid- and long-term hydrological evolution of the lakes by means of depth-area-volume curves.

Alfredo Payá. Alicante, Spain

In his retreat in Alicante, where he gives calm and deliverate classes at the city's new architecture school , ALFREDO PAYA ls a serene and centered architect who transmits these qualities through the buildings he constructs .

Food, nutrition and public health in contemporary Spain, 1900-1936

Within the context of the health reforms introduced in Spain in the early 20th century and the influence of international health organisations on their development, this article analyses the growing interest that surrounded nourishment and food-related problems at that time in relation to healthcare, the diagnosis provided by hygienists of such problems, and the public health measures applied to resolve them. The issue of hygienic diet and the collective aspect of nutritional problems became priorities in the field of healthcare. Two of the most prominent initiatives involved setting up a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and Bromatological Technique during the early years of the Second Republic, as part of the National School of Health, as well as a Food Hygiene Service. Spanish hygienists underlined the importance of education and the dissemination of information about food hygiene, health and nutrition, in order to overcome the qualitative and quantitative deficiencies observed in the average diet of the Spanish population.

The relationship between plants used to sustain finches (Fringillidae) and uses for human medicine in southeast Spain

We analyzed plants that are traditionally used by wild bird hunters and breeders to capture and promote captive breeding of Fringillidae (finches or songbirds) in the province of Alicante, Spain. The majority of plants used in songbird breeding have medicinal properties in traditional human medicine (48 different uses); thus, another main goal was to show their relationships with human medical uses. We compiled a list of 97 plant species from 31 botanical families that are used to attract finches and identified 11 different use categories for these plants in finch keeping. The most common uses were for trapping birds and as a source of food for birds in captivity. Cannabis sativa has the greatest cultural importance index (CI = 1.158), and Phalaris canariensis (annual canary grass or alpist) was the most common species used to attract Fringillidae and was used by all informants (n = 158). Most of the 97 species are wild plants and mainly belong to the families Compositae, Gramineae, Cruciferae, and Rosaceae and also have medicinal properties for humans. In the study area, the intensification of agriculture and abandonment of traditional management practices have caused the population of many songbirds to decline, as well as the loss of popular ethnographic knowledge.

Ethnobotanic importance of plants used in pigeon-breeding in Eastern Spain

Background: The importance that birds of the Columbidae family have had throughout history is visible on the Mediterranean coast. Pigeon fancying is the art of breeding and training carrier pigeons and currently, several breeds exist. The sport of racing pigeons consists in covering a distance at maximum possible speed. However, pigeon breeding has another modality called “sport pigeon”, where several males follow a female. This study focusses on ethnobotanical knowledge of native and exotic plant species that are used for diet, breeding, stimulation, healing illnesses and staining the plumage of pigeons bred in captivity. Methods: Using semi-structured interviews, we gathered information about the different plant species traditionally used for pigeon-breeding in the region of Valencia. Background material on remedies for bird illnesses was gathered from folk botanical references, local books and journals. The plant species were collected in the study area, then identified in the laboratory using dichotomous keys and vouchered in the ABH (Herbarium of Alicante University). We used Excel ® 2003 to perform a simple statistical analysis of the data collected. Results: We collected 56 species of plants (and one variety) that included 29 botanical families. The total number of species was made up of 35 cultivated and 21 wild plants. The most common were Gramineae (14 species), Leguminosae (6 species), and Compositae (4 species). Conclusions: Pigeon breeding is an immensely popular activity in Eastern Spain, and ethnobiological knowledge about breeding pigeons and caring for them is considerable. The names and traditional uses of plants depend on their geographical location, vernacular names serve as an intangible heritage. Feeding, environmental features, and genetic makeup of individuals are relevant aspects in the maintenance of avian health.