Mise à jour et étude de sources de variation des niveaux d’exposition au chlordane, au BPC, au toxaphène et au mercure chez les Inuits de l’Arctique canadien

La nourriture traditionnelle compose une part essentielle de la culture Inuit. Néanmoins, la contamination de cette nourriture par les organochlorés et les métaux lourds fait l’objet d’une attention toute particulière, car elle excède dans certains cas les recommandations canadiennes. Le but de ce travail est, d’une part de mettre à jour les estimés d’exposition au chlordane, au BPC, au toxaphène et au mercure, et d’autre part d’en explorer certaines sources de variation. Pour ce faire, de nouvelles données sur la concentration de ces contaminants parmi les plus importants aliments traditionnels ont été combinées aux relevés alimentaires assemblés dans l’Arctique canadien en 1998 et 1999, la quantité et le type de nourriture traditionnelle consommés étant supposés ne pas avoir changé. D’après l’ensemble des nouveaux estimés obtenus, les changements dans la banque de données sur les contaminants affectent plus les extrémités des distributions que les mesures de tendance centrale. Les estimés d’apports en organochlorés peuvent être considérés comme toujours actuels étant donné que les cinq types d’aliments pour lesquels il y a des nouvelles données disponibles représentent la majorité de l’exposition totale. En ce qui concerne le mercure, toutefois, des données additionnelles sont nécessaires à propos du caribou, du narval, du muktuk du béluga et de la truite de lac pour générer des niveaux d’exposition plus exacts. Les sources de variations de ces estimés d’exposition ont été explorées en évaluant les coefficients de variation propres aux apports alimentaires et ceux propres aux concentrations de contaminants dans les aliments traditionnels. Il s’avère que la variation attribuable aux méthodes de collecte de données alimentaires est plus élevée que celle attribuable à la mesure des contaminants dans les banques de données. De nouvelles méthodes pour mesurer les niveaux de consommation d’aliments traditionnels devraient être développées.

Effets non cancérogènes associés aux BPC : revue critique des études épidémiologiques et analyse du lien de causalité

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

O Processo de revisão do benefício de prestação continuada-BPC: uma lógica de exclusão ou inclusão social

This research comprises a study about the social assessment performed by the Social Worker in the review process of the Benefit of Continued Installment. The Benefit of Continued Installment was implemented in 1996 and guarantees a minimum salary to the deficiency person and to an elder with sixty five years or more and that proves not to have ways to support neither himself/herself nor his/her own family. It is a demand to include in the BPC that the maximum income of a family does not exceed ¼ of minimum salary and that every two years this benefit to be revised to evaluate its continuity based in its original conditions. This study was carried out in the municipality of Natal/RN, with thirteen social workers, being the collection of data performed through interviews and social assessments of the users that count with the benefit. The results show that the users selected by the criterion of the income, present a profile of poverty and deprivations demonstrated through several situations survived in its daily life, indicative of vulnerability. It was demonstrated that the Social workers has relative autonomy in the evaluations along with the users and that it denotes the necessity of inclusion. However, by following the imposed criteria, it corroborates with the logic of exclusion. So, it is identified in the Municipality of Natal/RN, following the orientation given the politics of social work at national level, the implementation of revision of the BPC, for the social workers, from rigorous processes of selection and exclusions

O lugar (in) existente do BPC na Política Municipal de Assistência Social: o caso de Castanhal

O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar a gestão municipal sobre o Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC), programa assistencial previsto pela Constituição Federal de 1988 e que consiste no pagamento de 01 (um) salário mínimo mensal à pessoas com 65 anos ou mais de idade e à pessoas com deficiência incapacitante para a vida independente e para o trabalho, em que a renda per capita familiar deve ser inferior a ¼ do salário mínimo. A pesquisa empírica teve como lócus o município de Castanhal. A motivação para realização deste trabalho surgiu do fato do BPC estar inscrito na CF/ 1988 e por demandar um grande volume de recursos financeiros, mas ainda assim ser desconhecido de grande parte da população e pouco divulgado por parte do Poder Executivo. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e pesquisa de campo. Desta forma, o trabalho parte da discussão sobre a Política de Assistência Social no Brasil, seguido do debate sobre o Benefício de Prestação Continuada, para por fim, apresentar como o município organiza sua política de assistência social, como é realizada a gestão do BPC pelo Poder Executivo e a atuação do Conselho Municipal de Assistência Social. Ao longo deste trabalho é possível observar o baixo nível de acompanhamento dos beneficiários do BPC pela rede de Proteção Social Básica e a ausência de controle social.

Proteção social não contributiva: um estudo sobre o BPC destinado ao idoso em Belém - Pará

Este trabalho é produto de um estudo que contempla a dimensão não contributiva da proteção social brasileira. Nesta perspectiva, privilegiamos o Benefício de Prestação Continuada - BPC, o benefício componente da proteção social não contributiva da política de assistência social, considerado desta forma, como um importante mecanismo capaz de garantir a sobrevivência das pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade social e econômica, embora não se dedique somente a esse aspecto, conforme apontam as leis que regem sua operacionalização. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa buscamos conhecer melhor a população idosa beneficiária, a inserção desses sujeitos em outras formas de proteção social. Questiona-se ainda, se o BPC tem sido capaz de promover autonomia, melhorando sua sociabilidade, o acesso aos serviços de saúde e se tem promovido segurança alimentar aos idosos beneficiários. Também procuramos conhecer o olhar - a percepção - dos idosos beneficiários sobre o benefício, destacando como eles consideram o recebimento deste provento. Nosso objetivo está concentrado em conhecer os resultados sociais, os reflexos que o recebimento do BPC é capaz de gerar na vida dos beneficiários idosos em Belém-Pará, e a partir desta perspectiva investigar e conhecer, nesta vertente, as formas de efetivação da proteção social destinadas aos idosos neste município. O alcance da proteção social na dimensão não contributiva efetivada pela política de assistência social a partir do BPC/idoso em Belém se mostra como um dos pontos que ancora nossas discussões a fim de desenvolver um diálogo entre a ampliação da proteção social não contributiva, e a efetivação deste benefício assistencial na capital paraense.

A conformação do BPC: dos fundamentos históricos até o SUAS

Este trabalho trata do Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC). Nosso objetivo é analisar a constituição do PBC de forma a levantar as barreiras os desafios atuais para a efetivação e a ampliação deste direito. Ele tem como objeto o arcabouço jurídico do BPC. Nele, buscamos esclarecer a seguinte questão: quais são as barreiras e os desafios para a efetivação e a ampliação do direito ao BPC? Para tal, ele analisa as variáveis: (i) conceitos, (ii) critérios de elegibilidade e (iii) atribuições das seguridades sociais contributiva e nãocontributiva presentes na norma jurídica que regulamentou o BPC, período que vai da Constituição Brasileira de 1988 até o ano de 2009. Concluímos que seus desafios passam primeiro pela apreensão/compreensão desse direito pela sociedade e pelo Estado, nele a Justiça; segundo, pela implementação do mesmo conforme previsto na norma jurídica e; terceiro, por sua ampliação, com critérios e conceitos menos restritivos de forma a abarcar a todos os indivíduos que dele necessitam.

Ultra-High Efficiency, High-Concentration PV System Based On Spectral Division Between GaInP/GaInAs/Ge And BPC Silicon Cells

A novel HCPV nonimaging concentrator concept with high concentration (>500×) is presented. It uses the combination of a commercial concentration GaInP∕GaInAs∕Ge 3J cell and a concentration Back‐Point‐Contact (BPC) concentration silicon cell for efficient spectral utilization, and external confinement techniques for recovering the 3J cell′s reflection. The primary optical element (POE) is a flat Fresnel lens and the secondary optical element (SOE) is a free‐form RXI‐type concentrator with a band‐pass filter embedded it, both POE and SOE performing Köhler integration to produce light homogenization. The band‐pass filter sends the IR photons in the 900–1200 nm band to the silicon cell. Computer simulations predict that four‐terminal terminal designs could achieve ∼46% added cell efficiencies using commercial 39% 3J and 26% Si cells. A first proof‐of concept receiver prototype has been manufactured using a simpler optical architecture (with a lower concentration, ∼ 100× and lower simulated added efficiency), and experimental measurements have shown up to 39.8% 4J receiver efficiency using a 3J with peak efficiency of 36.9%

Efecto de los hidrocarburos en suelos arenosos de la mesa de Guanipa-Venezuela y propuesta de tratamientos alternativos para la recuperación de suelos contaminados con gasoil y aceites dieléctricos con BPC

Esta investigación se ha dividido en tres etapas, primero se analizó el efecto de los hidrocarburos (crudos liviano, extrapesado y gasoil) a razón de dosis bajas 2 y 4 % p/p, y altas 30, 40 y 50 % p/p en un suelo arenoso de la Mesa de Guanipa en Venezuela, empleando técnicas analíticas e instrumentales para su caracterización, también se determinó el efecto que tienen estos contaminantes sobre la actividad biológica del suelo durante 29 días de incubación. La segunda fase consistió en aplicar un tratamiento térmico a una velocidad máxima de calentamiento de 0,33 ºC/min por 2h, a muestras de suelo de la zona central de España, contaminado con gasoil a razón de 2, 4, 10, 20, 50 % p/p. En la última fase se utilizó una propuesta de la deshalogenación química, en suelos contaminados con 413, 95, 14,2 ppm de askarel, y en aceites minerales con 363, 180, 100, 94 ppm de askarel. Los resultados mostraron, que el efecto que causan los hidrocarburos en el suelo dependen de las características propias del suelo, su entorno, concentración y composición del hidrocarburo, con respecto a las curvas acumuladas de mg C - CO2 /100 g de suelo, se observó que los hidrocarburos inhiben la biomasa microbiana en los suelos. Para el tratamiento térmico los resultados han mostrado una eliminación del gasoil en un 94,11 % en la muestra que contenía 2% gasoil, 95,85 % para la muestra del 4 %, 98,48 % para la muestra del 10 %, 99,45 % para la del 20 % y finalmente 99,51 % para la del 50 % gasoil, se observó que la adición del gasoil al suelo produce cambios significativos con respecto al testigo, luego del tratamiento térmico la fracción de la materia orgánica en el suelo disminuyó significativamente. La deshalogenación química propuesta en aceites dieléctricos como en suelos resultó satisfactoria. En aceites han resultado 8 tratamientos con eliminaciones del cloro por encima del 50 % y en suelos 4 tratamientos con 50 % de eliminación. Además se ha experimentado con la urea para el caso del suelo contaminado dando eliminación de un 80,4 % del cloro, y con etanol como agente oxidante en los aceites dieléctricos, resultando un 40 % de eliminación.

Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro : 15 anos de história

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

A resilencia e a imagem corporal de adolescentes e adultos com mielomeningocele

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Dibucaine effects on structural and elastic properties of lipid bilayers

In this work we report the interaction effects of the local anesthetic dibucaine (DBC) with lipid patches in model membranes by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Supported lipid bilayers (egg phosphatidylcholine, EPC and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, DMPQ were prepared by fusion of unilamellar vesicles on mica and imaged in aqueous media. The AFM images show irregularly distributed and sized EPC patches on mica. On the other hand DMPC formation presents extensive bilayer regions on top of which multibilayer patches are formed. In the presence of DBC we observed a progressive disruption of these patches, but for DMPC bilayers this process occurred more slowly than for EPC. In both cases, phase images show the formation of small structures on the bilayer surface suggesting an effect on the elastic properties of the bilayers when DBC is present. Dynamic surface tension and dilatational surface elasticity measurements of EPC and DMPC monolayers in the presence of DBC by the pendant drop technique were also performed, in order to elucidate these results. The curve of lipid monolayer elasticity versus DBC concentration, for both EPC and DMPC cases, shows a maximum for the surface elasticity modulus at the same concentration where we observed the disruption of the bilayer by AFM. Our results suggest that changes in the local curvature of the bilayer induced by DBC could explain the anesthetic action in membranes. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The effect of cholesterol on the reconstitution of alkaline phosphatase into liposomes

Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), present on the surface of chondrocyte- and osteoblast-derived matrix vesicles (MVs), plays key enzymatic functions during endochondral ossification. Many studies have shown that MVs are enriched in TNAP and also in cholesterol compared to the plasma membrane. Here we have studied the influence of cholesterol on the reconstitution of TNAP into dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)-liposomes, monitoring the changes in lipid critical transition temperature (T(c)) and enthalpy variation (Delta H) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DPPC-liposomes revealed a T(c) of 41.5 degrees C and Delta H of 7.63 Kcal mol(-1). The gradual increase in cholesterol concentration decrease Delta H values, reaching a Delta H of 0.87 Kcal mol(-1) for DPPC: cholesterol system with 36 mol% of cholesterol. An increase in T(c), up to 47 degrees C for the DPPC:cholesterol liposomes (36 mol% of Chol), resulted from the increase in the area per molecule in the gel phase. TNAP (0.02 mg/mL) reconstitution was done with protein:lipid 1:10,000 (molar ratio), resulting in 85% of the added enzyme being incorporated. The presence of cholesterol reduced the incorporation of TNAP to 42% of the added enzyme when a lipid composition of 36 mol% of Chol was used. Furthermore, the presence of TNAP in proteoliposomes resulted in a reduction in Delta H. The gradual proportional increase of cholesterol in liposomes results in broadening of the phase transition peak and eventually eliminates the cooperative gel-to-liquid-crystalline phase transition of phospholipids bilayers. Thus, the formation of microdomains may facilitate the clustering of enzymes and transporters known to be functional in MVs during endochondral ossification. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Interaction of adrenocorticotropin peptides with microheterogeneous systems - A fluorescence study

Adrenocorticotropin (ACM) and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) are peptides which present many physiological effects related to pigmentation, motor and sexual behavior, learning and memory, analgesia, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic processes. The 13 amino acid residues of alpha-MSH are the same initial sequence of ACM and due to the presence of a tryptophan residue in position 9 of the peptide chain, fluorescence techniques could be used to investigate the conformational properties of the hormones in different environments and the mechanisms of interaction with biomimetic systems like sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) micelles, sodium dodecyl sulphate-poly(ethylene oxide) (SDS-PEO) aggregates and neutral polymeric micelles. In buffer solution, fluorescence parameters were typical of peptides containing tryptophan exposed to the aqueous medium and upon addition of surfactant and polymer molecules, the gradual change of those parameters demonstrated the interaction of the peptides with the microheterogeneous systems. From time-resolved experiments it was shown that the interaction proceeded with conformational changes in both peptides, and further information was obtained from quenching of Trp fluorescence by a family of N-alkylpyridinium ions, which possess affinity to the microheterogeneous systems dependent on the length of the alkyl chain. The quenching of Trp fluorescence was enhanced in the presence of charged micelles, compared to the buffer solution and the accessibility of the fluorophore to the quencher was dependent on the peptide and the alkylpyridinium: in ACTH(1-21) highest collisional constants were obtained using ethylpyridinium as quencher, indicating a location of the residue in the surface of the micelle, while in alpha-MSH the best quencher was hexylpyridinium, indicating insertion of the residue into the non-polar region of the micelles. The results had shown that the interaction between the peptides and the biomimetic systems where driven by combined electrostatic and hydrophobic effects: in ACTH(1-24) the electrostatic interaction between highly positively charged C-terminal and negatively charged surface of micelles; and aggregates predominates over hydrophobic interactions involving residues in the central region of the peptide; in alpha-MSH, which presents one residual positive charge, the hydrophobic interactions are relevant to position the Trp residue in the non-polar region of the microheterogeneous systems. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Lower Extremities Magnetic Resonance Angiography With Blood Pressure Cuff Compression: Quantitative Dynamic Analysis

Purpose: To quantitatively evaluate changes induced by the application of a femoral blood-pressure cuff (BPC) on run-off magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). which is a method generally previously proposed to reduce venous contamination in the leg. Materials and Methods: This study was Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)- and Institutional Review Board (IRB)-compliant, We used time-resolved gradient-echo gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced MRA to measure BPC effects on arterial, venous, and soft-tissue enhancement. Seven healthy volunteers (six men) were studied with the BPC applied at the mid-femoral level unilaterally using a 1.5T MR system after intravenous injection of Gd-BOPTA. Different statistical tools were used such as the Wilcoxon signed rank test and a cubic smoothing spline fit. Results: We found that BPC application induces delayed venous filling (as previously described), but also induces significant decreases in arterial inflow, arterial enhancement, vascular-soft tissue contrast, and delayed peak enhancement (which have not been previously measured). Conclusion: The potential benefits from using a BPC for run-off MRA must be balanced against the potential pitfalls, elucidated by our findings.

An insight into dapsone co-crystals: sulfones as participants in supramolecular interactions

Agência Financiadora: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - Pest-OE/QUI/UI0100/2013; PTDC/CTM-BPC/122447/2010; RECI/QEQ-QIN/0189/2012; SFRH/BPD/78854/2011