基于BDD的增量启发式方法及其应用

增量启发式搜索是一种利用先前的搜索信息和启发信息提高本次搜索效率的方法，通常可用来解决动态环境下的重规划问题。在人工智能领域，一些实时系统常常需要根据外界环境的变化不断修正自身，这样就会产生一系列变化较小的相似问题，此时应用增量启发式搜索将会非常有效。 另一方面，基于BDD的强大的搜索技术利用BDD有效操作性以及化简后唯一性的优点，在一定程度上缓解了模型检测的状态爆炸问题，使得被检测状态的个数大大增加。 1、本文结合基于BDD的启发式搜索和基于BDD的增量搜索这两种方法给出了基于BDD的增量启发式搜索方法，基于BDD的增量启发式搜索综合了基于BDD的搜索、增量搜索以及启发式搜索这三种方法的优点。它既用BDD作为数据结构以提高搜索的空间效率，又结合了增量搜索的思想来提高重搜索的效率，同时，又引入了启发函数来进一步压缩搜索空间。 2、本文介绍了基于BDD的增量启发式搜索算法BDDRPA*并用大量的实验结果证明BDDRPA*的高效性。给定一个搜索问题，BDDRPA*算法先用基于BDD的启发式搜索方法搜出一条从初始节点到目标节点的最短路径；接着，问题的状态格局发生改变，BDDRPA*再用基于BDD的增量搜索方法根据旧格局的迁移关系BDD_T构造出新格局的迁移关系BDD_{T'}，然后再用启发式方法搜索路径，如此反复下去。 3、本文介绍了基于BDD的动态增量启发式搜索算法BDDD*并用大量的实验结果证明BDDD*的高效性。BDDD*算法在机器人边走边扫描的过程中，不断根据机器人新获得的信息更新已知地图并重新规划路线。每次规划时，BDDD*都假设未知的领域没有任何障碍物，也就是每个位置都是可通的，它按照这个假设去计算从当前位置到目标位置的最短路径。如果在行走的过程中扫描到了障碍物，它就把这条信息添加到它的地图中，然后重复上面的过程，直到到达目标位置或者发现每条路径都被堵死为止。 BDDRPA*算法和BDDD*算法可以应用到机器人线路规划、智能交通及计算机网络的线路规划问题中。另外，在机器学习和控制领域，也可以考虑使用BDDRPA*算法和BDDD*算法。

基于BDD的增量启发式搜索

增量搜索是一种利用先前的搜索信息提高本次搜索效率的方法,通常可以用来解决动态环境下的重规划问题.在人工智能领域,一些实时系统常常需要根据外界环境的变化不断修正自身,这样就会产生一系列变化较小的相似问题,此时应用增量搜索将会非常有效.另外,基于BDD(binary decision diagram)的启发式搜索,结合了基于BDD的搜索和启发式搜索这两种方法的优点.它既用BDD这一紧凑的数据结构来表示系统的状态空间,又通过使用启发信息来进一步压缩搜索树的大小.在介绍基于BDD的启发式搜索和增量搜索之后,结合这两种方法给出了基于BDD的增量启发式搜索算法——BDDRPA*.大量的实验结果表明,BDDRPA*算法是非常有效的,它可以被广泛地应用到智能规划、移动机器人问题等领域中.

基于BDD的增量启发式搜索方法及其应用

增量启发式搜索是一种利用先前的搜索信息和启发信息提高本次搜索效率的方法，通常可用来解决动态环境下的重规划问题。在人工智能领域，一些实时系统常常需要根据外界环境的变化不断修正自身，这样就会产生一系列变化较小的相似问题，此时应用增量启发式搜索将会非常有效。另一方面，基于BDD的强大的搜索技术利用BDD有效操作性以及化简后唯一性的优点， 在一定程度上缓解了模型检测的状态爆炸问题，使得被检测状态的个数大大增加。 1、本文结合基于BDD的启发式搜索和基于BDD的增量搜索这两种方法给出了基于BDD的增量启发式搜索方法， 基于BDD的增量启发式搜索综合了基于BDD的搜索、增量搜索以及启发式搜索这三种方法的优点。它既用BDD作为数据结构以提高搜索的空间效率， 又结合了增量搜索的思想来提高重搜索的效率，同时，又引入了启发函数来进一步压缩搜索空间。 2、本文介绍了基于BDD的增量启发式搜索算法BDDRPA*并用大量的实验结果证明BDDRPA*的高效性。给定一个搜索问题， BDDRPA*算法先用基于BDD的启发式搜索方法搜出一条从初始节点到目标节点的最短路径；接着， 问题的状态格局发生改变，BDDRPA*再用基于BDD的增量搜索方法根据旧格局的迁移关系BDD_T构造出新格局的迁移关系BDD_{T'}， 然后再用启发式方法搜索路径，如此反复下去。 3、本文介绍了基于BDD的动态增量启发式搜索算法BDDD*并用大量的实验结果证明BDDD*的高效性。 BDDD*算法在机器人边走边扫描的过程中，不断根据机器人新获得的信息更新已知地图并重新规划路线。每次规划时，BDDD*都假设未知的领域没有任何障碍物， 也就是每个位置都是可通的，它按照这个假设去计算从当前位置到目标位置的最短路径。如果在行走的过程中扫描到了障碍物，它就把这条信息添加到它的地图中，然后重复 上面的过程，直到到达目标位置或者发现每条路径都被堵死为止。 BDDRPA*算法和BDDD*算法可以应用到机器人线路规划、智能交通及计算机网络的线路规划问题中。 另外，在机器学习和控制领域，也可以考虑使用BDDRPA*算法和BDDD*算法。

Cómo acceder a las BDd suscritas por la Universidad de Alicante, desde fuera del Campus: SCOPUS

El fichero es un autoejecutable realizado con la aplicación PowerPoint2010

Cómo acceder a las BDd suscritas por la Universidad de Alicante, desde fuera del Campus: FSTA

El fichero es un autoejecutable realizado con la aplicación PowerPoint2010

Las bases de datos documentales (BDd) y el proceso de búsqueda

El tema Las bases de datos documentales (BDd) y el Proceso de Búsqueda forma parte del programa de la asignatura 'Documentación e Información Científica en Salud' del Máster Universitario en Investigación en Ciencias de la Enfermería que se imparte en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (Universidad de Alicante).

Applications on fault tree analysis in railway power supply systems

Fault tree analysis (FTA) is presented to model the reliability of a railway traction power system in this paper. First, the construction of fault tree is introduced to integrate components in traction power systems into a fault tree; then the binary decision diagram (BDD) method is used to evaluate fault trees qualitatively and quantitatively. The components contributing to the reliability of overall system are identified with their relative importance through sensitivity analysis. Finally, an AC traction power system is evaluated by the proposed methods.

Electrocrystallization of phase I, CuTCNQ (TCNQ= 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane), on indium tin oxide and boron-doped diamond electrodes

The electrochemical reduction of TCNQ to TCNQ•- in acetonitrile in the presence of [Cu(MeCN)4]+ has been undertaken at boron-doped diamond (BDD) and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. The nucleation and growth process at BDD is similar to that reported previously at metal electrodes. At an ITO electrode, the electrocrystallization of more strongly adhered, larger, branched, needle-shaped phase I CuTCNQ crystals is detected under potential step conditions and also when the potential is cycled over the potential range of 0.7 to −0.1 V versus Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl). Video imaging can be used at optically transparent ITO electrodes to monitor the growth stage of the very large branched crystals formed during the course of electrochemical experiments. Both in situ video imaging and ex situ X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data are consistent with the nucleation of CuTCNQ taking place at a discrete number of preferred sites on the ITO surface. At BDD electrodes, ex situ optical images show that the preferential growth of CuTCNQ occurs at the more highly conducting boron-rich areas of the electrode, within which there are preferred sites for CuTCNQ formation.

Effect of the mediator in feedback mode-based SECM interrogation of indium tin-oxide and boron-doped diamond electrodes

Indium tin-oxide (ITO) and polycrystalline boron-doped diamond (BDD) have been examined in detail using the scanning electrochemical microscopy technique in feedback mode. For the interrogation of electrodes made from these materials, the choice of mediator has been varied. Using Ru(CN) 4− 6 (aq), ferrocene methanol (FcMeOH), Fe(CN) 3− 6 (aq) and Ru(NH 3) 3+ 6 (aq), approach curve experiments have been performed, and for purposes of comparison, calculations of the apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rates (k app) have been made using these data. In general, it would appear that values of k app are affected mainly by the position of the mediator reversible potential relative to the relevant semiconductor band edge (associated with majority carriers). For both the ITO (n type) and BDD (p type) electrodes, charge transfer is impeded and values are very low when using FcMeOH and Fe(CN) 3− 6 (aq) as mediators, and the use of Ru(NH 3) 3+ 6(aq) results in the largest value of k app. With ITO, the surface is chemically homogeneous and no variation is observed for any given mediator. Data is also presented where the potential of the ITO electrode is fixed using a ratio of the mediators Fe(CN) 3− 6(aq) and Fe(CN) 4− 6(aq). In stark contrast, the BDD electrode is quite the opposite and a range of k app values are observed for all mediators depending on the position on the surface. Both electrode surfaces are very flat and very smooth, and hence, for BDD, variations in feedback current imply a variation in the electrochemical activity. A comparison of the feedback current where the substrate is biased and unbiased shows a surprising degree of proportionality.

Electrochemical reduction of oxygen on gold and boron-doped diamond electrodes in ambient temperature, molten acetamide-urea-ammonium nitrate eutectic melt

The electrochemical reduction of oxygen has been studied on gold, boron-doped diamond (BDD) and glassy carbon (GC) electrodes in a ternary eutectic mixture of acetamide (CH3CONH2), urea (NH2CONH2) and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), chronoamperometry and rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry techniques have been employed to follow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The mechanism for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen on polycrystalline gold involves 2-step. 2-electron pathways of O-2 to H2O2 and further reduction of H2O2 to H2O. The first 2-electron reduction of O-2 to H2O2 passes through superoxide intermediate by 1-electron reduction of oxygen. Kinetic results suggest that the initial 1-electron reduction of oxygen to HO2 is the rate-determining step of ORR on gold surfaces. The chronoamperometric and ROE studies show a potential dependent change in the number of electrons on gold electrode. The oxygen reduction reaction on boron-doped diamond (BOO) seems to proceed via a direct 4-electron process. The reduction of oxygen on the glassy carbon (GC) electrode is a single step, irreversible, diffusion limited 2-electron reduction process to peroxide. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Exploiting the Structure of the Constraint Graph for Efficient Points-to Analysis

Points-to analysis is a key compiler analysis. Several memory related optimizations use points-to information to improve their effectiveness. Points-to analysis is performed by building a constraint graph of pointer variables and dynamically updating it to propagate more and more points-to information across its subset edges. So far, the structure of the constraint graph has been only trivially exploited for efficient propagation of information, e.g., in identifying cyclic components or to propagate information in topological order. We perform a careful study of its structure and propose a new inclusion-based flow-insensitive context-sensitive points-to analysis algorithm based on the notion of dominant pointers. We also propose a new kind of pointer-equivalence based on dominant pointers which provides significantly more opportunities for reducing the number of pointers tracked during the analysis. Based on this hitherto unexplored form of pointer-equivalence, we develop a new context-sensitive flow-insensitive points-to analysis algorithm which uses incremental dominator update to efficiently compute points-to information. Using a large suite of programs consisting of SPEC 2000 benchmarks and five large open source programs we show that our points-to analysis is 88% faster than BDD-based Lazy Cycle Detection and 2x faster than Deep Propagation. We argue that our approach of detecting dominator-based pointer-equivalence is a key to improve points-to analysis efficiency.

Bilingual Dictionary Drafting. The Example of German-Basque, a Medium-density Language Pair

Edited by Andrea Abel, Chiara Vettori, Natascia Ralli.

Porous boron-doped diamond/carbon nanotube electrodes.

Nanostructuring boron-doped diamond (BDD) films increases their sensitivity and performance when used as electrodes in electrochemical environments. We have developed a method to produce such nanostructured, porous electrodes by depositing BDD thin film onto a densely packed "forest" of vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The CNTs had previously been exposed to a suspension of nanodiamond in methanol causing them to clump together into "teepee" or "honeycomb" structures. These nanostructured CNT/BDD composite electrodes have been extensively characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Not only do these electrodes possess the excellent, well-known characteristics associated with BDD (large potential window, chemical inertness, low background levels), but also they have electroactive areas and double-layer capacitance values ∼450 times greater than those for the equivalent flat BDD electrodes.

Fabrication and characterization of active and sequential circuits utilizing Schottky-wrap-gate-controlled GaAs hexagonal nanowire network structures

For realization of hexagonal BDD-based digital systems, active and sequential circuits including inverters, flip flops and ring oscillators are designed and fabricated on GaAs-based hexagonal nanowire networks controlled by Schottky wrap gates (WPGs), and their operations are characterized. Fabricated inverters show comparatively high transfer gain of more than 10. Clear and correct operation of hexagonal set-reset flip flops (SR-FFs) is obtained at room temperature. Fabricated hexagonal D-type flip flop (D-FF) circuits integrating twelve WPG field effect transistors (FETs) show capturing input signal by triggering although the output swing is small. Oscillatory output is successfully obtained in a fabricated 7-stage hexagonal ring oscillator. Obtained results confirm that a good possibility to realize practical digital systems can be implemented by the present circuit approach.