Mosca-negra-dos-citros Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em culturas de citros e de mangueira no estado de São Paulo e observações de sua biologia e controle.

Resumo: O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a infestação da mosca-negra-dos-citros, A. woglumi, observada em janeiro de 2008, em pomar comercial de laranja Pêra-Rio porta enxerto de Limão-Cravo, de nove anos de idade, e em árvo- res isoladas de mangueira variedades Haden e Palmer, de sete a oito anos de idade, no município de Artur Nogueira, estado de São Paulo. Outros objetivos foram relatar a sua biologia, os níveis de danos e o controle biológico dessa praga.

The philosophy of W. Ross Ashby and its relationship to 'The Matrix'

Ashby was a keen observer of the world around him, as per his technological and psychiatrical developments. Over the years, he drew numerous philosophical conclusions on the nature of human intelligence and the operation of the brain, on artificial intelligence and the thinking ability of computers and even on science in general. In this paper, the quite profound philosophy espoused by Ashby is considered as a whole, in particular in terms of its relationship with the world as it stands now and even in terms of scientific predictions of where things might lead. A meaningful comparison is made between Ashby's comments and the science fiction concept of 'The Matrix' and serious consideration is given as to how much Ashby's ideas lay open the possibility of the matrix becoming a real world eventuality.

Ocorrência da Mosca-negra-dos-citros (Aleurocanthus woglumi ashby) (Hemiptera: aleyrodidae) em Pernâmbuco

This paper aimed to verify the presence of black-fly of citrus in the state of Pernambuco in Brazil and wordwide. The material with symptoms were collected in the metropolitan area of Recife/PE and subsequently led to the identification in the Insect Biology Laboratory of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE on February 4, 2011. The samples collected from the branches of citrus and bilocular, found the presence of eggs, nymphs, "pupae" and adults of Aleurocanthus woglumi, confirming its occurrence in the state of Pernambuco. The presence of blackfly of citrus had been detected in the city in the state of Pernambuco as Timbauba, Bom Jardim, Macaparana, Axes, Orobo, Sao Vincent Farrer and Itambe in citrus plants. Before that had a suspect in the Valley Siriji/PE, now it is in the metropolitan area of Recife, therefore we can confirm that the material collected and identified in the metropolitan area of Pernambuco is A. woglumi.

Dinâmica populacional de mosca-negra-dos-citros (Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, 1915) em pomares de citros em sistema agroflorestal e monocultura

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Impactos das mudanças climáticas na ecoclimatologia de Aleurocanthus Woglumi Ashby, 1903 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) no estado do Pará

As atividades humanas que alteram as concentrações de gases de efeito estufa terão influências diretas sobre os problemas fitossanitários. A fim de minimizar tanto a perda de produção, quanto a qualidade de safras, além de orientar a escolha de estratégias de adaptação e de gestão, novos estudos para investigar os impactos das mudanças climáticas na agricultura - nas escalas espaciais e temporais - e seus patógenos são necessários. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi investigar o impacto da mudança climática global, na ecoclimatologia da mosca-negra-dos-citrus (Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby) no Estado do Pará. Para isso, foram analisadas as exigências térmicas da A. woglumi, desenvolvidas em laboratório e no zoneamento ecoclimatológico, com base no número de gerações do inseto a cada ano, realizado a partir de dados de temperatura do ar de 15 estações meteorológicas ao longo do estado. Em seguida, foi simulado o aumento populacional de insetos estudados, através das projeções do modelo climático global CCSM 3.0, entre os anos de 2030 e 2090. Os resultados das simulações sugerem que o número de gerações do inseto vai aumentar 50% no Estado do Pará.

Infestação da mosca-negra-dos-citros (Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby) em pomares de citros, em sistemas de plantio convencional e agroflorestal

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Ashby and Badger ancestry.

Mode of access: Internet.

The Buckners of Virginia and the allied families of Strother and Ashby,

Contains also the Lewis, Washington, Stith, Thruston, Dickinson, Thornton and Claiborne families.

Ocorrência de Aleurocanthus woglumi ashby (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em pomares de citros e mangueira no estado de São Paulo.

2008

Ocorrência de Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Hemíptera: Aleyrodidae) na cultura da mandioca no estado de São Paulo.

2008

National health and hospital network for Australia's future : Implications for emergency medicine

The proposals arising from the agreement reached between the Rudd government and the States and Territories (except Western Australia) in April 2010 represent the most fundamental realignment of health responsibilities since the creation of Medicare in 1984. They will change the health system, and the structures that will craft its future direction and design. These proposals will have a significant impact on Emergency Medicine; an impact from not only the system-wide effects of the proposals but also those that derive from the specific recommendations to create an activity-based funding mechanism for EDs, to implement the four hour rule and to develop a performance indicator framework for EDs. The present paper will examine the potential impact of the proposals on Emergency Medicine to inform those who work within the system and to help guide further developments. More work is required to better evaluate the proposals and to guide the design and development of specific reform instruments. Any such efforts should be based upon a proper analysis of the available evidence, and a structured approach to research and development so as to deliver on improved services to the community, and on improved quality and safety of emergency medical care.

Palliative care, double effect and the law in Australia

Care and decision-making at the end of life that promotes comfort and dignity is widely endorsed by public policy and the law. In ethical analysis of palliative care interventions that are argued potentially to hasten death, these may be deemed to be ethically permissible by the application of the doctrine of double effect, if the doctor’s intention is to relieve pain and not cause death. In part because of the significance of ethics in the development of law in the medical sphere, this doctrine is also likely to be recognized as part of Australia’s common law, although hitherto there have been no cases concerning palliative care brought before a court in Australia to test this. Three Australian States have, nonetheless, created legislative defences that are different from the common law with the intent of clarifying the law, promoting palliative care, and distinguishing it from euthanasia. However, these defences have the potential to provide less protection for doctors administering palliative care. In addition to requiring a doctor to have an appropriate intent, the defences insist on adherence to particular medical practice standards and perhaps require patient consent. Doctors providing end-of-life care in these States need to be aware of these legislative changes. Acting in accordance with the common law doctrine of double effect may not provide legal protection. Similar changes are likely to occur in other States and Territories as there is a trend towards enacting legislative defences that deal with the provision of palliative care.

Pedagoginen liveroolipelaaminen historian opetusmetodina

In this research pedagogical live action role playing is examined as a method of teaching history. The objective of this research is to present and define the concept of pedagogical live action role playing as a method of teaching history and examine its capability in teaching historical empathy. Pedagogical live action role playing is a teaching method under development which has elements from drama pedagogics and different learning theories. The theoretical part of this research consists of play theories and drama pedagogical theories which are relevant to live action role playing, and also the concepts of historical empathy and historical thinking. In drama pedagogics the main sources are the researches of Laakso (2004) and Heikkinen (2002, 2004). The historical part uses the researches of VanSledright (2002), Cooper (2000) and Ashby and Lee (1987) as its main sources. The research was carried out at the Viikki Teacher Training School in the class 6b during autumn 2007. The research material consists of three-phased interviews. During all phases three pupils were interviewed, and during two of the phases, also the teacher of the class was interviewed. The methods used in the interviews were thematic interview and stimulated recall -interview. The data gathered from the interviews was analyzed using content analysis. Pedagogical live action role playing has three phases when teaching history: pre-game (preparations), game (live action role play) and post-game (discussion after the game and in the classroom). The teacher's attention and carefulness is important during all phases. The mistakes made in the pre-game face e.g. in writing the characters seem to cause major problems in the pupils' game experiences. Pedagogical live action role playing is capable of teaching historical empathy, but according to my research this has some conditions, from which the most important is the pupil's historical knowledge before the game. Teaching historical empathy was based on esthetic dualition: the pupil made decions about the actions of his character as him/herself. The more background information the pupil had about the era they played, the more the pupil seemed to make decisions based on his historical empathy, aka his understanding of the era of the larp and of the people of the same era.