'They Shall Speak the Arabic Language and Take Pride in it': reconsidering the fate of Coptic after the Arab Conquest

The complaints on the adoption of Arabic by the Copts that are voiced by the Apocalypse of Pseudo-Samuel have often been quoted as the expiring words of the dying Coptic language. This article seeks to show that they are not to be taken so literally, and that they should rather be inserted in the context of a rift within the medieval Coptic church over the question of language choice, and beyond this, over that of accommodation with the Muslims. The use of Arabic by the episcopal church of Miṣr and by some prominent figures around it, which was linked to their proximity to the Fatimid court, was resented and denounced by more traditional circles, centred on the Patriarchate and on some important monasteries such as the one at Qalamūn where the Apocalypse was written. The suggestion is also made that the text is contemporary with the beginning of Coptic literary production in Arabic and with the introduction of Egyptian Christians at the caliphal court, namely in the last quarter of the tenth century, at the time of Severus ibn al-Muqqafa‘.

SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE RHETORIC: FROM THE THEORETICAL BASIS TO THE PRODUCTION OF DIDACTIC MATERIAL FOR UNDERGRADUATE CHEMISTRY TEACHING

This work is part of a study that focused on analyzing the contributions of didactic activities related to scientific language rhetoric characteristics aimed at developing students' abilities to identify such characteristics in chemistry scientific texts and critical reading of those texts. In this study, we present the theoretical basis adopted to determine the scientific discourse characteristics and for the production of the didactic material used in those activities. Latour, Coracini and Campanario studies on persuasive rhetorical strategies present in scientific articles aided the production of such material.

Mesopotamian Arabic [microform] : a guide for students in the modern Arabic language as spoken in Mesopotamia ; with pronunciation of the words in English /

Microfilm.

A grammar and vocabulary of the Susoo language : to which are added the names of some of the Susoo towns near the banks of the Rio Pongas, a small catalogue of Arabic books, and a list of the names of some of the learned men of the Mandinga and Foulah countries, with whom an useful correspondence could be opened up in the Arabic language.

Anonymous. By John Kemp.

A grammar of the Arabic language ,

Mode of access: Internet.

Kitāb Umnīyat al-almaʻī wa-manīyat al-muddaʻī: wa-huwa sharḥ al-Maqāmah al-Ḥuṣaybīyah lil-muʼallif nafsih

taṣnīf Rashīd al-Dīn Abī al-Ḥusayn Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī ibn al-Zubayr al-Aswānī.

Kitāb Ḥusn al-tawassul ilá ṣināʻat al-tarassul

taʼlīf Shihāb al-Dīn Abī al-Thanāʼ Maḥmūd ibn Sulaymān al-Ḥalabī al-Ḥanafī.

Samīr al-Amīr: Ḥāshiyat ʻAbd al-Ḥakīm ibn Makhlūf al-Badawī al-Ḥanafī ʻalá Sharḥ al-Muḥaqqiq al-Amīr li-basmalat Sharḥ al-Mullawī al-Ṣaghīr ʻalá al-Samarqandīyah fī al-bayān

"Wa-qad ṭarraza al-muḥashshī nuskhatahu allatī ashkhaṣahā ilaynā lil-taṣḥīḥ ʻalayhā bi-ḥawāshin raqīqah wa-nafāʼis anīqah wa-ashāra bi-waḍʻihā maḍbūṭah bi-al-ʻadad qawlah baʻda qawlah fa-ajabnāhu ilá ṭalabihi kamā ajabnāhu ilá taṣdīr al-ṣaḥīfah bi-ʻibārat al-Amīr wa-irdāfihā bi-Samīrihi."

Hādhā Sharḥ al-Faqīh al-ʻallāmah ... al-fahhāmah Sayyid Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan Aqṣabī ʻalá Manẓūmat al-Shaykh al-Imām khātimat jahābidhat al-muḥaqqiqīn al-aʻlām Sayyid al-Ṭayyib Ibn Kīrān wa-bi-hāmishihi Sharḥ al-Shaykh al-ʻālim al-bāriʻ ... Sayyid al-Tihāmī al-Būrī ʻalá al-Manẓūmah al-madhkūrah ayḍan

Āqaṣbī's commentary of the Manẓūmah of Ibn Kīrān, with al-Tihāmī's commentary of the same Manẓūmah in the margin.

Ḥāshiyah al-jadīdah ʻalá Sharḥ ʻIṣām al-Farīdah

[Aḥmad Khalīl al-Fawzī ibn Muṣṭafá al-Filibawī].

Talkhīṣ al-Miftāḥ : manuscript, 1682

Written in one column, from 6 to 23 lines per page, in black and red.

Sharḥ abyāt al-Muṭawwal : manuscript, 1703

Written in one column, 19 lines per page, in black and red.

Sharḥ al-qism al-thālith min Miftāḥ al-ʻulūm / lil-ʻAllāmah al-Taftāzānī : manuscript, 1426

Title from f. 1v.

al- Īḍāḥ : manuscript, 1371

Copy completed on 20 Shaʻbān 772 AH [March 9, 1371 AD] in the hand of Muḥammad ibn Maḥmūd in Khanqāh al-Amīr Shaykhū.