Work in progress: representar o «outro» segundo o pensamento antropofágico casos de estudo - Hans Staden e Les Maîtres Fous

O presente artigo analisa o filme de Luis Alberto Pereira «Hans Staden» (1999), baseado no livro de Hans Staden «Duas Viagens ao Brasil» (1557), e o documentário/filme «Les Maîtres Fous» (1955) de Jean Rouch, tendo em consideração o pensamento antropofágico. Estas obras focalizam o choque cultural entre “civilizado” e “selvagem”, entre ritual canibal e ritual antropofágico, entre o «Nós» e os «Outros», encontros que permitem uma análise mais concreta à concepção de alteridade. A representação cinematográfica permite uma aproximação ao conceito antropofágico de apropriação da cultura externa, para posteriormente a reproduzir numa interpretação segundo a concepção ocidental do que figuram os rituais em questão. O Movimento Antropófago, pelo seu carácter vanguardista, concilia a matriz fundadora brasileira e ao mesmo tempo enaltece a irreverência de análise, e neste artigo serve de fundamento teórico e prático à decomposição dos exemplos. O pensamento antropófago e a sua aplicabilidade aos exemplos seleccionados permitem também aprofundar o estudo sobre o imaginário europeu enquanto recriação de relatos datados de viajantes ou colonizadores, pois a manutenção de um acervo estereotipado historicamente serve como forma de “legitimar” concepções. As duas obras focalizam a representação indígena e africana - o “selvagem” - na construção do imaginário ocidental - “civilizado” - dicotomia que nos permite desmistificar relações interculturais.

Feeding sources and trypanosome infection index of Rhodnius pallescens in a Chagas disease endemic area of Amador County, Panama

The sylvatic triatomine Rhodnius pallescens is considered to be the most important and widespread vector of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli in Panama. However, its behavior and biological characteristics have only been partially investigated. Thus, to achieve sustainable and efficient control over Chagas disease in Panama, a better understanding of the ecology and biology of R. pallescens is essential. In this study we evaluated R. pallescens host feeding sources using a dot-blot assay, and the trypanosome infection index by PCR analysis in a Chagas disease endemic area of central Panama. It was found that in peridomestic palm trees, 20.3% of the examined bugs had fed on opossums (Didelphis marsupialis). However, we observed an increased anthropophagy (25.4%) for those bugs collected inside houses. Considering the domestic and peridomestic habitats as a whole, the proportion of collected R. pallescens infected with trypanosomes was 87.4%. In the two habitats the predominant infection was with T. cruzi (80-90%). Between 47-51% of the analyzed triatomines were infected with T. rangeli. Mixed infections (40-51%) were also detected. These findings provide a better basis for the implementation of a rational control and surveillance program for Chagas disease in regions where R. pallescens is endemic.

Gregório de Matos: do barroco à antropofagia

The exponential figure of Gregório de Matos e Guerra has been subject of many theoretical discussions through the years, since his apparition in a public place, in the 19th century, and even more, during the 20th century, when he was salvaged by the modernist vanguard. As a result, there are yet two antagonist points of view linked to Gregório de Matos, on one side, there some researchers who defend him, on the other, some of them attack him. The first ones say this poet from Bahia was the first literary voice in Brazil, from the Baroque basis, while the last ones say he is a merely plagiarist of the Spanish poets from the 17th century, without a real contribution to the development of Brazilian Literature. With this in mind, this thesis follows the perspective this poet is an anthropophagus-baroque, devouring cultures, with an active participation in the process of our cultural and literary identity. For that reason, it was made a literature review about the biography of this poet trying to break romantic descriptions, emphasizing some scientific facts that can contribute to present the baroque profile of this poet. In this sense, it was discussed the History of Literature focused on this creole poet, mainly based on the historians point of view about the Gregorian poetry in the formation of Brazilian Literature scenery. In the defense of the hypothesis that Gregório de Matos was our first anthropophagus, this work aims to analyze how his poetry reveals the intrinsic characteristics of Baroque and Anthropophagy, focusing its carnivalesque aspect, showing to the world, with a satiric tone, the idiosyncrasies of human life. In this way, analyzing this corpus in Spanish is the strength of this thesis because, besides it is previously unpublished, it contributes to the comprehension of the anthropophagy as a theoretical mechanism that explains the process of formation of our cultural literary identity. Then, we have Augusto de Campos (1968; 1978; 1984; 1986; 1988), Haroldo de Campos (1976; 2010a; 2010b; 2011), Severo Sarduy ([1988?]), Oswald de Andrade (1945; 1978; 2006), Mikhail Bakhtin (2010), Octavio Paz (1979), Segismundo Spina (1980; 1995; 2008), Afrânio Coutinho (1986a; 1986b; 1994), Affonso Ávila (1994; 1997; 2004; 2008), among others, to constitute this theoretical scenery. The Gregorian poetry, in this way, have contributed to the formation of baroque-anthropophagic scenery in Brazilian boundaries, with a special attention to the transition of time, because he is not only from the 17th century, established by the historiography, but his work is present nowadays due to the contemporaneously of his themes, centered to the eternal doubts of baroque man

A literatura latino-americana e as alegorias nacionais de concierto Barroco

The problematical identity of Latin America is reflected on the recurrence of the theme in the literature created in this part of the continent. The images of Caliban and anthropophagy and the attribution of a Baroque meaning to the Latin American experience characterize an expressive part of such literature. By means of the character Amo, Carpentier's Concierto Barroco exemplifies the difficulties of the Creole elite in finding a nobleorigin for themselves in their ancestors' Europe, and in identifying themselves with it. The slave musician Filomeno and Amo naturalizes narrative, whereas Filomeno provocativelytransits between the hierarchies, turning the Baroque meaning of identity into an allegory. Jazz is a Creole, anthropophagic and Baroque product whose erased origin was replaced by the fabled narrative in the Spirituals that renewed modern music. It is important to emphasize that Carpentier created, by means of Filomeno, the unity of the American experience whose frontier is Mexico.

Hélio Oiticica: antropófago de si mesmo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O SLA funk de Fernanda Abreu

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Antropofagia, dessacralização e devoração em Rilke Shake, de Angélica Freitas

This article investigates the presence of anthropophagy on Rilke shake, analyzing the opening poem “perfect teeth, listen to me,” by the concept of devouring. It discusses how the “Poesia Pau-Brasil” by Oswald de Andrade would be the milestone of a conception of poetry desacralized in Brazil in the twentieth century, retaken by marginal generation and kept alive by Angélica Freitas, with a increasingly accelerated consumption into society as a background.

La crítica entre culturas : el problema de la “recepción" en el ensayo latinoamericano

La atención al problema de la circulación internacional de las ideas se ha transformado en uno de los rasgos característicos de la renovación de la historia intelectual en los últimos años. El problema de la “recepción" ha sido un interrogante persistente en culturas como las latinoamericanas que, por su condición “periférica", han enfrentado la experiencia de la traslación de sentidos desde su propia emergencia. Resulta pertinente enriquecer aquellos debates con las sugerencias que desde hace años viene aportando el ensayo latinoamericano sobre la cuestión. Se abordan aquí distintos autores y discusiones que condensan, las múltiples aristas del problema. Los diferentes casos tratados contribuyen a delinear una concepción eminentemente activa de la recepción como reconfiguración permanente de sentidos, en el marco de una visión no esencialista de la cultura.

Pensamento antropofágico ‘coloração’ tropical e irreverência teórica

Neste artigo procuro apresentar o poeta, escritor e pensador brasileiro Oswald de Andrade e a influência deste no nascimento e desenvolvimento do pensamento antropofágico. Pensamento teórico que tendo raiz na cultura indígena e no ritual de deglutição dos inimigos pela tribo dos Tupinambás, extrapola as fronteiras da sua acção prática para desaguar, após sucessivos desenvolvimentos teóricos, no ano de 1922, na irreverência do movimento modernista da Semana de Arte Moderna de São Paulo. Nascida sob a tónica do pensamento crítico e da reflexão social e cultural, propõe a metamorfose da cultura estrangeira e a reestruturação dos processos artísticos. Ao estudo da antropofagia, enquanto pensamento/conceito teórico optei por acoplar o conceito de tradução cultural. Duas estruturas de análise socioculturais que em comunhão funcionam como contributo efectivo ao reconhecimento e compreensão das particularidades que definem o (re)posicionamento multi e intercultural das sociedades pós-colonialistas e pós-modernas. Apreender o sentido teórico combinado de antropofagia e tradução cultural é pois reverenciar a figura, pensamento e vivência de Oswald de Andrade. Mais do que aprofundar a biografia do autor, este artigo visa apresentar um encontro teórico: antropofagia, tradução cultural e (re)posicionamento multi e intercultural – conceitos indispensáveis ao reconhecimento das sociedades contemporâneas.