The Visual Culture of Human Rights. Observations on Amnesty International

Trabalho de project de Mestrado em Antropologia de Direitos Humanos e Movimentos Sociais

Human rights education and advancing the mission of human rights NGOs : an analysis based on case studies of amnesty International's efforts in ten countries

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Humanwiss., Diss., 2012

Executive Summary 2007 Iowa Tax Amnesty, 2008

Results of Iowa Tax Amnesty 2007

2010 Iowa Court Debt Amnesty

During its 2010 Session the General Assembly enacted Senate File 2383 creating a Debt Amnesty Program for certain outstanding court debts. The Amnesty provided that fifty percent of outstanding eligible debt be forgiven upon payment of a lump sum equal to fifty percent of the eligible debt. The Amnesty was offered from September 1 through November 30.

Dare to be different : a celebration of freedom in association with Amnesty International.

Los poemas y relatos de esta antología ponen de manifiesto que los principios justicia, libertad, igualdad, entre todas las personas, inspirándose en la labor de Amnistía Internacional, deben aplicarse en nuestra vida cotidiana y no sólo en la política, si queremos un mundo mejor.

Amnesty international's language strategy put into practice: a case study of the translation of press releases

This paper investigates the language strategy and translation policies of Amnesty International by discussing the translation of a press release from a textual as well as an institutional point of view. Combining textual analysis with ethnographic methods of data collection and ideas from organisation studies, the paper aims to illustrate how the strategic use of language and translation play a vital role in mediating the NGO’s message and in contributing to its visibility and success. The findings of the textual analysis are contextualised within data collected at the local office of Amnesty International Vlaanderen to come to a better understanding of why particular translation strategies are being applied. The idea of an NGO spreading one consistent message is questioned by showing how different translation strategies apply to different languages and sections, thereby addressing the difficulty of defining translation in the context of news translation.

Transformation through translation: translation policies at Amnesty International

International non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are powerful political players who aim to influence global society. In order to be effective on a global scale, they must communicate their goals and achievements in different languages. Translation and translation policy play an essential role here. Despite NGOs’ important position in politics and society, not much is known about how these organisations, who often have limited funds available, organise their translation work. This study aims to contribute to Translation Studies, and more specifically to investigating institutional translation, by exploring translation policies at Amnesty International, one of the most successful and powerful human rights NGOs around the world. Translation policy is understood as comprising three components: translation management, translation practices, and translation beliefs, based on Spolsky’s study of language policy (2004). The thesis investigates how translation is organised and what kind of policies different Amnesty offices have in place, and how this is reflected in their translation products. The thesis thus also pursues how translation and translation policy impact on the organisation’s message and voice as it is spread around the world. An ethnographic approach is used for the analysis of various data sets that were collected during fieldwork. These include policy documents, guidelines on writing and translation, recorded interviews, e-mail correspondence, and fieldnotes. The thesis at first explores Amnesty’s global translation policy, and then presents the results of a comparative analysis of local translation policies at two concrete institutions: Amnesty International Language Resource Centre in Paris (AILRC-FR) and Amnesty International Vlaanderen (AIVL). A corpus of English source texts and Dutch (AIVL) and French (AILRC-FR) target texts are analysed. The findings of the analysis of translation policies and of the translation products are then combined to illustrate how translation impacts on Amnesty’s message and voice. The research results show that there are large differences in how translation is organised depending on the local office and the language(s), and that this also influences the way in which Amnesty’s message and voice are represented. For Dutch and French specifically, translation policies and translation products differ considerably. The thesis describes how these differences are often the result of different beliefs and assumptions relating to translation, and that staff members within Amnesty are not aware of the different conceptions of translation that exist within Amnesty International as a formal institution. Organising opportunities where translation can be discussed (meetings, workshops, online platforms) can help in reducing such differences. The thesis concludes by suggesting that an increased awareness of these issues will enable Amnesty to make more effective use of translation in its fight against human rights violations.

Institutional multilingualism in NGOs: Amnesty International’s strategic understanding of multilingualism

Institutional multilingualism is most often associated with large intergovernmental institutions such as the European Union and the United Nations. Multilingualism in non-governmental organisations (NGOs), however, has remained invisible to a large extent. Yet these organisations have been identified as very powerful in world politics in the globalised 21st century. Like international governmental organisations (IGOs), they operate across linguistic and language borders. This raises the questions if NGOs actually use language and translation in the same way as IGOs. This article examines Amnesty International as a case study and explores what official multilingualism means for this organisation, how it is reflected in its language policy, and how it is put into practice. By gaining insight into the particular case of Amnesty International, this article aims to make a contribution to institutional translation studies.

Feministische Wende bei Amnesty International: Gewalt im privaten Bereich als Menschenrechtsverletzung

Im traditionellen Menschenrechtsparadigma galten Verletzungen der physischen und psychischen Integrität von Individuen nur dann als Menschenrechtsverletzung, wenn sie im öffentlichen Raum von Vertretern des Staates begangen wurden. Der private Bereich war demnach vom staatlichen Menschenrechtsschutz ausgeschlossen. Diese traditionelle Menschenrechtsparadigma geriet im Verlauf der 1970er und 1980er Jahre in feministische Kritik. Die neue Frauenbewegung stellte die vergeschlechtlichte Trennung zwischen Privatem und Öffentlichkeit in Frage (Quartaert 2006). Dieser Wandel, in der Forschung als Feminist turn in Human Rights bekannt, bewirkte eine grundlegende Veränderung eines internationalen normativen Rahmens und hatte auch Auswirkungen auf den Menschenrechtsaktivismus. Transnationale Menschenrechtsorganisationen wie Amnesty International haben diese Transformation – mit mehr oder weniger Widerstand – nachvollzogen. Angeregt von der globalen Frauenbewegung haben Aktivistinnen an der Basis seit Ende der 1980er Jahre einen Feminist turn innerhalb von Amnesty International (AI) in Gang gesetzt. Der Druck von unten veranlasste die internationale Geschäftsleitung das Thema Frauenrechte in der Politik von AI zu verankern. Anhand von Material aus dem AI Archiv in Bern und der AI Intranetbibliothek sowie gestützt auf Interviews mit Aktivistinnen und Funktionärinnen lege ich dar, wie sich der Feminist turn in Human Rights bei AI in seiner politischen Arbeit als ‚bottom-up’ Prozess vollzogen hat.