Neurolinguistic measure of typological effects in multilingual transfer: introducing an ERP methodology

This article has two main objectives. First, we offer an introduction to the subfield of generative third language (L3) acquisition. Concerned primarily with modeling initial stages transfer of morphosyntax, one goal of this program is to show how initial stages L3 data make significant contributions toward a better understanding of how the mind represents language and how (cognitive) economy constrains acquisition processes more generally. Our second objective is to argue for and demonstrate how this subfield will benefit from a neuro/psycholinguistic methodological approach, such as event-related potential experiments, to complement the claims currently made on the basis of exclusively behavioral experiments. Palabras clave

Análisis de la movilización indígena promovida por el consejo regional indígena del Cauca-(C.R.I.C), como herramienta política y social para la restitución de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas del departamento del Cauca, en el marco de la Minga Social y Comunitaria.(2006-2010)

El análisis de este estudio se centra en describir el proceso que vivió la movilización indígena a través de la Minga de Resistencia Social y Comunitaria; que inició con diversas mingas a partir del año 2006 y se consolidó en el año 2009. Esta movilización tiene como fin exigir la restitución de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas del Departamento del Cauca. La Minga, se convierte en una herramienta política y social que a partir de la movilización empieza a estructurarse e involucrar a otros sectores de la sociedad.

Proyecto para la salud en la escuela : prevención de accidentes y primeros auxilios en la escuela.

Proyecto surgido de un plan de Educación para la salud en la escuela, desarrollado años anteriores en este centro. Se parte de la idea de que este área constituye el elemento más efectivo para mejorar la calidad de vida de la comunidad escolar. Los objetivos son: profundizar en la prevención de accidentes, aprender los conocimientos básicos sobre primeros auxilios, respetar la integridad propia y ajena, y conocer la dotación indispensable de un botiquín. Igualmente, se fomentarán actitudes de solidaridad y atención a accidentados. La experiencia ha resultado satistactoria, en especial, la concienciación de que muchos de los accidentes que se producen pueden prevenirse..

Proyecto de Prevención de Drogodependencias.

Los objetivos son reflexionar sobre la importancia de tomar decisiones autónomas y saber decir no a mensajes publicitarios, a la presión del grupo y a situaciones de riesgo; crear hábitos saludables a través del ocio; y que conozcan las drogas que se encuentran en sus vidas y las consecuencias de su consumo. Se realizan actividades como el programa El cine en el Aula donde el Ayuntamiento de Coslada y la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid colaboran para la proyección de películas que permitan un análisis crítico de actitudes; se analiza la publicidad subliminal a través de carteles; los alumnos reflexionan y expresan sus sentimientos en inglés mediante El Diario de un adolescente; y se organizan las Jornadas de la Bicicleta y de la Convivencia. Se evalúa la participación, el grado de consecución de objetivos, la resolución de problemas y el trabajo realizado por los alumnos. Incluye encuestas y fichas con las actividades.

Mejora de la comprensión lectora y la expresión escrita en el primer ciclo de la ESO.

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Todas las lenguas, la lengua.

La finalidad de este proyecto es mejorar la competencia lingüística y promover la lengua como un instrumento de comunicación y de encuentro entre los alumnos. Los objetivos más importantes son conocer diferentes tipos de textos y formas de elocución; ampliar el vocabulario; mejorar la comprensión oral y escrita; conocer las distintas lenguas de los alumnos; fomentar el interés por la lectura; y utilizar los servicios de la biblioteca. Los alumnos llevan a cabo varias actividades, entre las que destacan la lectura y análisis de textos literarios; la escritura creativa; la participación en juegos; y la realización de una exposición de libros de ciencia-ficción, ejercicios sobre lengua y literatura, tertulias, audiciones musicales y dramatizaciones. Entre los materiales elaborados hay un juego de mesa, marca páginas, una revista escolar, guías de lectura, murales, folletos, un diccionario de términos de ciencia-ficción y dibujos.

Neurolinguistic measures of typological effects in multilingual transfer: introducing an ERP methodology

This article has two main objectives. First, we offer an introduction to the subfield of generative third language (L3) acquisition. Concerned primarily with modeling initial stages transfer of morphosyntax, one goal of this program is to show how initial stages L3 data make significant contributions toward a better understanding of how the mind represents language and how (cognitive) economy constrains acquisition processes more generally. Our second objective is to argue for and demonstrate how this subfield will benefit from a neuro/psycholinguistic methodological approach, such as event-related potential experiments, to complement the claims currently made on the basis of exclusively behavioral experiments.

Assessing multilingual lexical incorporation hypotheses through a primed picture-naming task

The incorporation of new representations into the mental lexicon has raised numerous questions about the organisational principles that govern the process. A number of studies have argued that similarity between the new L3 items and existing representations in the L1 and L2 is the main incorporating force (Hall & Ecke, 2003; Herwig, 2001). Experimental evidence obtained through a primed picture-naming task with L1 Polish-L2 English learners of L3 Russian supports Hall and Ecke’s Parasitic Model of L3 vocabulary acquisition, displaying a significant main effect for both priming and proficiency. These results complement current models of vocabulary acquisition and lexical access in multilingual speakers.

L3 acquisition: a focus on cognitive approaches

Interest in third language (L3) acquisition has increased exponentially in recent years, due to its potential to inform long-lasting debates in theoretical linguistics, language acquisition and psycholinguistics. Researchers investigating child and adult L3 acquisition have, from the very beginning, considered the many different cognitive factors that constrain and condition the initial state and development of newly acquired languages, and their models have duly evolved to incorporate insights from the most recent findings in psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics and cognitive psychology. The articles in this Special Issue of Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, in dealing with issues such as age of acquisition, attrition, relearning, cognitive economy or the reliance on different memory systems –to name a few–, provide an accurate portrayal of current inquiry in the field, and are a particularly fine example of how instrumental research in language acquisition and other cognitive domains can be to one another.

English compound and non-compound processing in bilingual and multilingual speakers: effects of dominance and sequential multilingualism

This article reports on a study investigating the relative influence of the first and dominant language on L2 and L3 morpho-lexical processing. A lexical decision task compared the responses to English NV-er compounds (e.g., taxi driver) and non-compounds provided by a group of native speakers and three groups of learners at various levels of English proficiency: L1 Spanish-L2 English sequential bilinguals and two groups of early Spanish-Basque bilinguals with English as their L3. Crucially, the two trilingual groups differed in their first and dominant language (i.e., L1 Spanish-L2 Basque vs. L1 Basque-L2 Spanish). Our materials exploit an (a)symmetry between these languages: while Basque and English pattern together in the basic structure of (productive) NV-er compounds, Spanish presents a construction that differs in directionality as well as inflection of the verbal element (V[3SG] + N). Results show between and within group differences in accuracy and response times that may be ascribable to two factors besides proficiency: the number of languages spoken by a given participant and their dominant language. An examination of response bias reveals an influence of the participants' first and dominant language on the processing of NV-er compounds. Our data suggest that morphological information in the nonnative lexicon may extend beyond morphemic structure and that, similarly to bilingualism, there are costs to sequential multilingualism in lexical retrieval.

Evidence from neurolinguistic methodologies: can it actually inform linguistic/ language acquisition theories and translate to evidence-based applications?

This special issue is a testament to the recent burgeoning interest by theoretical linguists, language acquisitionists and teaching practitioners in the neuroscience of language. It offers a highly valuable, state-of-the-art overview of the neurophysiological methods that are currently being applied to questions in the field of second language (L2) acquisition, teaching and processing. Research in the area of neurolinguistics has developed dramatically in the past twenty years, providing a wealth of exciting findings, many of which are discussed in the papers in this volume. The goal of this commentary is twofold. The first is to critically assess the current state of neurolinguistic data from the point of view of language acquisition and processing—informed by the papers that comprise this special issue and the literature as a whole—pondering how the neuroscience of language/processing might inform us with respect to linguistic and language acquisition theories. The second goal is to offer some links from implications of exploring the first goal towards informing language teachers and the creation of linguistically and neurolinguistically-informed evidence-based pedagogies for non-native language teaching.

Coming of age in L3 initial stages transfer models: deriving developmental predictions and looking towards the future

Aims: Over the past decade in particular, formal linguistic work within L3 acquisition has concentrated on hypothesizing and empirically determining the source of transfer from previous languages—L1, L2 or both—in L3 grammatical representations. In view of the progressive concern with more advanced stages, we aim to show that focusing on L3 initial stages should be one continued priority of the field, even—or especially—if the field is ready to shift towards modeling L3 development and ultimate attainment. Approach: We argue that L3 learnability is significantly impacted by initial stages transfer, as such forms the basis of the initial L3 interlanguage. To illustrate our point, the insights from studies using initial and intermediary stages L3 data are discussed in light of developmental predictions that derive from the initial stages models. Conclusions: Despite a shared desire to understand the process of L3 acquisition in whole, inclusive of offering developmental L3 theories, we argue that the field does not yet have—although is ever closer to—the data basis needed to effectively do so. Originality: This article seeks to convince the readership for the need of conservatism in L3 acquisition theory building, whereby offering a framework on how and why we can most effectively build on the accumulated knowledge of the L3 initial stages in order to make significant, steady progress. Significance: The arguments exposed here are meant to provide an epistemological base for a tenable framework of formal approaches to L3 interlanguage development and, eventually, ultimate attainment.

Masked constituent priming of English compounds in native and nonnative speakers

The present research explores the degree of morphological structure of compound words in the native and nonnative lexicons, and provides additional data on the access to these representations. Native and nonnative speakers (L1 Spanish) of English were tested using a lexical decision task with masked priming of the compound’s constituents in isolation, including two orthographic conditions to control for a potential orthographic locus of effects. Both groups displayed reliable priming effects, unmediated by semantics, for the morphological but not the orthographic conditions as compared to an unrelated baseline. Results contribute further evidence of morphological structure in the lexicon of native speakers, and suggest that lexical representation and access in a second language are qualitatively comparable at relatively advanced levels of proficiency.

Trayectorias tecnológicas en empresas maquiladoras asiáticas y americanas en México

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Región de Mendoza : Valle de Uco I : San Carlos, Tunuyán, Tupungato

Regiones y Departamentos. Relatos de nuestra identidad es una serie que aborda las características turísticas, culturales e históricas de la provincia de Mendoza. En los 14 programas se han destacado y revalorizado las particularidades de cada uno de los departamentos de esta provincia argentina que se dividen en distintas regiones: Valle de Uco, Gran Mendoza, Zona Sur, Zona Este y Zona Nordeste VALLE DE UCO, es un documental que nos invita a recorrer la historia de San Carlos, un departamento que se consolidó a principios del siglo XIX con la llegada de los inmigrantes y el trabajo de los indígenas que habitaban la región. El bloque 2 presenta las características culturales y sociales de Tunuyán. Se destacan en este bloque las grandes figuras del departamento, Jorge Viñas (intérprete), Nicolino Locche y el artista plástico Carlos Alonso. Llegando al final del recorrido conocemos la cultura y los tipos de turismo que ofrece el departamento de Tupungato para concluir con un pequeño bloque dedicado a la escuela rural José C. Palma.