O Plano Nacional de Colheita de Amostras da ASAE - contributo para a sua melhoria

O presente trabalho consiste no estudo do Plano Nacional de Colheita de Amostras (PNCA), realizado pela ASAE e, a apresentação de contributos/sugestões para a sua melhoria. Os principais objectivos do plano consistem em assegurar e verificar se os géneros alimentícios cumprem a legislação comunitária e nacional, e não colocam em risco a segurança alimentar e a saúde humana e, assegurar a autenticidade das informações constantes dos rótulos dos géneros alimentícios existentes no mercado, de forma a garantir que os consumidores não sejam induzidos em erro. Assim sendo, analisaram-se os resultados de amostras de géneros alimentícios colhidas no âmbito do PNCA 2009. Os resultados evidenciaram que a maioria das não conformidades corresponderam a irregularidades de rotulagem (45%), não representando um perigo para a saúde dos consumidores. Os incumprimentos detectados passíveis de constituir risco imediato para a saúde do consumidor, correspondem a situações em que se detectaram microrganismos potencialmente patogénicos (20%), em alimentos que estão prontos a ser consumidos, tais como produtos à base de carne e queijo. O estudo realizado indicia que, de uma forma geral, os géneros alimentícios colocados à venda no mercado nacional, recolhidos no âmbito do Plano Nacional de Colheita de Amostras, constituem alimentos seguros.

ASAE-S

Each issue has a distinctive title.

LOCAL HEAD LOSS OF NON-COAXIAL EMITTERS INSERTED IN POLYETHYLENE PIPE

The design of a lateral line for drip irrigation requires accurate evaluation of head losses in not only the pipe but in the emitters as well. A procedure was developed to determine localized head losses within the emitters by the formulation of a mathematical model that accounts for the obstruction caused by the insertion point. These localized losses can be significant when compared with tire total head losses within the system due to the large number of emitters typically installed along the lateral line. Air experiment was carried out by altering flow characteristics to create Reynolds numbers (R) from 7,480 to 32,597 to provide turbulent flow and a maximum velocity of 2.0 m s(-1). The geometry of the emitter was determined by an optical projector and sensor An equation was formulated to facilitate the localized head loss calculation using the geometric characteristics of the emitter (emitter length, obstruction ratio, and contraction coefficient). The mathematical model was tested using laboratory measurements on four emitters. The local head loss was accurately estimated for the Uniram (difference of +13.6%) and Drip Net (difference of +7.7%) emitters, while appreciable deviations were found for the Twin Plus (-21.8%) and Tiran (+50%) emitters. The head loss estimated by the model was sensitive to the variations in the obstruction area of the emitter However, the variations in the local head loss did not result in significant variations in the maximum length of the lateral lines. In general, for all the analyzed emitters, a 50% increase in the local head loss for the emitters resulted in less than an 8% reduction in the maximum lateral length.

ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES IN FLORIDA DAIRY HOUSING

Environmental conditions in all air-conditioned barn and in evaporatively cooled sprinkler and fall and tunnel-ventilated barns are compared and recommendations for dairy barn design for hot, humid climates arc, given. Temperature Humidity Indexes (THI) observed in the air-conditioned barn were always below 72. Average THIs ill the evaporatively cooled barns during afternoon hours were seldom less than 75. The environmental conditions observed in these studies are typical for many, areas adjacent to the Gulf Coast of the United States and for tropical regions throughout the world. Providing comfortable environmental conditions for cows housed in area with hot, humid climates is difficult using only evaporative cooling and ventilation. Air-conditioning dairy housing is a possible alternative method, particularly for high value cows.

Programa computacional para calcular a potência requerida de máquinas e implementos agrícolas

O uso de programas computacionais no setor agrícola permite atingir objetivos específicos na área. Dentre esses, um dos mais complexos é a seleção adequada de máquinas e implementos agrícolas visando à otimização de operações agrícolas, devido, principalmente, à grande variedade de equipamentos existentes no mercado e a gama de tarefas e situações de trabalho que estas são submetidas no campo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um programa computacional para calcular a potência requerida de máquinas e implementos agrícolas normalmente utilizados na condução de operações de campo, desde o preparo do solo até as operações de implantação de culturas. Desenvolvido em linguagem PHP, o programa computacional baseia-se na norma ASAE D497.4 - Agricultural Machinery Management Data como referência para desenvolvimento de cálculos. A partir do programa desenvolvido, tornou-se possível a execução de tarefas para cálculos de avaliação da demanda de potência de máquinas e implementos agrícolas de forma simplificada pela internet.

Acompanhamento de uma empreitada de remodelação e reconversão de um edifício em Lisboa

Este Trabalho Final de Mestrado consiste num estágio que se encontra reportado neste relatório e que traduz o acompanhamento por parte do discente de uma empreitada de remodelação e reconversão de um edifício em Lisboa. O estágio com duração de seis meses desenvolveu-se entre Fevereiro e Julho de 2012 na empresa Arlindo Correia e Filhos, SA. Consistiu no acompanhamento da obra das futuras instalações da ASAE (Autoridade de Segurança Alimentar e Económica) na freguesia de São Mamede, concelho de Lisboa, sendo o orientador do estágio por parte da empresa, o Eng.º Vítor Soares, Director de Produção em causa. Os objectivos do estágio curricular visam a consolidação das matérias e temas abordados na vertente académica, assim como o contacto com a realidade do mundo laboral. A integração na empresa Arlindo Correia e Filhos SA e o acompanhamento regular das frentes de trabalho e de questões relacionadas com a obra, contribuíram de forma decisiva para cumprir com sucesso esta missão.

Avaliação da contaminação em metais pesados no pescado: análise da situação do pescado comercializado em Portugal e dos alertas emitidos pelo sistema RASFF (Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed)

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Tecnologia e Segurança Alimentar

Verificação do cumprimento dos requisitos legais de segurança dos géneros alimentícios disponíveis nas superfícies comerciais em Portugal Lisboa

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Tecnologia e Segurança Alimentar

Water application uniformity and fertigation in a dripping irrigation set

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the uniformity of distribution coefficient (UDC) and coefficient of variation (CV) of a familiar set of irrigation, classifying it the ASAE standard. The irrigation and fertigation are determined by two methods the KELLER & KARMELI and DENÍCULI . The two experiments were subjected to varying pressures: 12, 14, 16 and 18 kPa, in a completely randomized design of twenty samples composed of flows with three replications. Urea, potassium chloride (KCl) and ammonium phosphate (MAP) were the elements used for fertigation. The system consisted of a 200 L tank, which supplied another container of 30 L, it was moved vertically to control the pressure. The data was statistically compared between treatments for each methodology. In fertigation the best pressure was 16 kPa and was classified as "excellent" for UDC (91.03%) and "marginal" for C.V. (7.47%). For the irrigation treatment, the best pressure was 16 kPa rated "excellent" for UDC (91.2%) and "marginal" for C.V. (7.68%). The DENÍCULI et al. (1980) methodology proved more reliable for the evaluation of drip systems. It was observed that this set has good uniformity of distribution, but with great variability in flows.

Determinação experimental da condutividade e difusividade térmica de grãos em regime permanente

Foram determinadas experimentalmente em regime permanente a difusividade e a condutividade térmica de materiais biológicos. O equipamento com termopares de Cobre-Constantan dispostos radialmente no interior do cilindro conectados a uma unidade registradora de dados acoplados a um microcomputador fornece a leitura das temperaturas dos termopares. Os valores obtidos de difusividade (1,12x10-4 m2/s) e condutividade térmica (0,138W/moC) para o trigo (Triticum aestivum) e os valores de difusividade (1,67x10-4 m2/s) e condutividade térmica (0,122W/moC) para o arroz em casca (Orysa sativa)concordam com os valores encontrados nos ASAE STANDARTS [1], demonstrando a funcionalidade do equipamento.

Designing Meat Packing Plant Handling Facilities for Cattle and Hogs

The focus is on design, more specifically, "animal handling facilities which are labor saving and reduce bruise losses". The article studies: Unloading Chutes, Stockyard Design, Hog Plant Stockyard, General Purpose Small Stockyard, Beef Stockyard, Cattle Crowding Pens, Hog Crowding Pens, Slopes in Chutes and Crowding Pens, Single File Chutes General Recommendations, Single File Chutes for Cattle, Slaughter Restrainers,

Moisture-dependent physical properties of locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) seeds

Seed moisture content is significant in the handling and processing of seeds. This work therefore determined the physical properties of Locust bean seeds as functions of seed moisture content in the moisture range of 5.9 – 28.2% dry basis. Mohsenin, Stepanoff and ASAE standard methods were used in determining the properties. Increases in seed dimensions vitz length = 10.2±1.0 – 11.3±0.9 mm; width = 8.5±0.8 – 9.1±0.6 mm; surface area = 191.2±24.6 – 208.3±26.3 mm2 ; geometric mean diameter = 7.78±0.49 – 8.12±0.03 and arithmetic mean diameter = 8.06±0.56 – 8.34±0.49 mm were recorded. Seed thickness = 5.49±0.43 – 5.26±0.62 mm; sphericity = 0.75±0.04 – 0.71±0.03; true density = 1251.96±55.5 - 1222±62.16 kgm-3 and porosity = 48.4±2.14 – 41.9±3.78 decreased. Static coefficient of friction increased on plywood (0.5±0.02 – 0.6±0.01), glass (0.4±0.05 – 0.5±0.01) and decreased on aluminium (0.5±0.02 – 0.5±0.04). A data of the physical properties of Locust bean; Parkia biglobosa was developed. This is useful for the design and development of equipment necessary for its handling and processing.

Influence of some processing and storage conditions on the mechanical properties of oat flakes

Flake breakage and texture are important quality, criteria in oat flakes. These properties are determined by the mechanical properties of the flakes, which may be influenced by process variables such as kilning and flake thickness. A pin deformation method was used to measure the rupture force of individual oat flakes at different water activities. The monolayer value of ground oat flakes ranged from 5.83 to 684 g/100 g dry matter Thick flakes were strongest, requiring 3.4 N to rupture the flake compared to 2.2 N for the thin flakes. Water softened the flakes, causing a decrease in rupture force from 3.6 N to 2.4 N as water activity; increased from 0.115 to 0.848. Kilning had a significant effect on flake thickness but not on the mechanical properties. This study suggests that oat flakes should be stored at water activity 0.4 or less as there is a sharp loss of flake strength above this point.

Soybean compressibility and bulk density

The objective of this project was to study the influence of surcharge pressure and moisture content on the compressive behavior and bulk density of soybeans. Three varieties were selected with varying dimensions and shapes. Moisture contents of 10.5, 15.0, and 20% were tested at nine surcharge pressures in the range from 0 to 82.8 kPa. Results indicated that the bulk densities of different soybean varieties have similar behavior with respect to pressure level and moisture content but that the magnitude of bulk density was influenced by variety, Bulk density was influenced by both pressure level and moisture content. The four-element Burger model was found to adequately describe the bulk density of soybeans as a function of pressure for all varieties and moisture levels.