Territoriality and male-biased sexual size dimorphism in Argia reclusa (Odonata: Zygoptera)

In Odonata, many species present sexual size dimorphism (SSD), which can be associated with male territoriality in Zygoptera. We hypothesized that in the territorial damselfly Argia reclusa, male-male competition can favor large males, and consequently, drive selection pressures to generate male-biased SSD. The study was performed at a small stream in southeastern Brazil. Males were marked, and we measured body size and assessed the quality of territories. We tested if larger territorial males (a) defended the best territories (those with more male intrusions and visiting females), (b) won more fights, and (c) mated more. Couples were collected and measured to show the occurrence of sexual size dimorphism. Results indicated that males are larger than females, and that territorial males were larger than non-territorial males. Larger territorial males won more fights and defended the best territories. There was no difference between the mating success of large territorial and small non-territorial males. Although our findings suggest that male territoriality may play a significant role on the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in A. reclusa, we suggest that other factors should also be considered to explain the evolution of SSD in damselflies, since non-territorial males are also capable of acquiring mates.

Poeías de Juan Cruz Varela y la tragedias: Dido y Argia del mismo autor.

Mode of access: Internet.

Contribuição ao conhecimento dos Odonatos da Estação Ecológica de Maracá - Roraima.

Estudou-se a fauna odonatológica da Estação Ecológica de Maracá, no Estado de Roraima, com base em material coletado nas matas e campos de sua parte oriental. Foram coletadas 61 espécies das quais 3 são novas para a ciência (Epipleoneura, Leptobasisa. Lestes) e serão descritas em outro trabalho e 8 constituem novos registros para a fauna brasileira (Aeolagrion demerarum, Argia pulla, Hetaerina mortua, Hetaerina westfalli, Meta leptobasis manicaria., Neoneura denticulata, Neoneura gaida, Protoneura amatoria). Verificou-se que as espécies de grande distribuição geográfica, geralmente mais comuns, pre-dominam nas áreas de savana, enquanto nas matas predominam as de distribuição geográfica mats restrita. Os resultados ressaltam a grande semelhança que existe entre a fauna de Maracá e a da Venezuela.

Probaren hizkuntzak ebaluazioen emaitzetan duen eragina : irakaskuntza elebiduneko ikasleek nazioarteko probetan duten errendimenduari buruzko ikerketa

Existe una versi??n en espa??ol, con el t??tulo "Influencia de la lengua de la prueba en los resultados de las evaluaciones : investigaci??n sobre el rendimiento con pruebas internacionales del alumnado en programas de educaci??n biling??e"

HMH 2011-2013. Hezkuntza Marko Hirueledunaren esperimentazio prozesuaren ebaluazioa. Txosten Exekutiboa. HMH I - 2011-2013. MHM II ??? 2012-2013

Existe una versi??n en espa??ol, con el t??tulo "MET 2011-2012. Evaluaci??n del proceso de experimentaci??n del Marco de Educaci??n Triling??e. Informe Ejecutivo. MET I ??? 2011-2013. MET II ??? 2012-2013"

Tragedias de J.C. Varela.

"Noticia preliminar por Ricardo Rojas": p. [11]-30.

Macroinvertebrate abundance in tropical Andean streams, Ecuador

Deforestation in the tropical Andes is affecting ecological conditions of streams, and determination of how much forest should be retained is a pressing task for conservation, restoration and management strategies. We calculated and analyzed eight benthic metrics (structural, compositional and water quality indices) and a physical-chemical composite index with gradients of vegetation cover to assess the effects of deforestation on macroinvertebrate communities and water quality of 23 streams in southern Ecuadorian Andes. Using a geographical information system (GIS), we quantified vegetation cover at three spatial scales: the entire catchment, the riparian buffer of 30 m width extending the entire stream length, and the local scale defined for a stream reach of 100 m in length and similar buffer width. Macroinvertebrate and water quality metrics had the strongest relationships with vegetation cover at catchment and riparian scales, while vegetation cover did not show any association with the macroinvertebrate metrics at local scale. At catchment scale, the water quality metrics indicate that ecological condition of Andean streams is good when vegetation cover is over 70%. Further, macroinvertebrate community assemblages were more diverse and related in catchments largely covered by native vegetation (>70%). Overall, our results suggest that retaining an important quantity of native vegetation cover within the catchments and a linkage between headwater and riparian forests help to maintain and improve stream biodiversity and water quality in Andean streams affected by deforestation. Also, this research proposes that a strong regulation focused to the management of riparian buffers can be successful when decision making is addressed to conservation/restoration of Andean catchments.

Macroinvertebrate abundance in montane tropical streams of varying land-use, Ecuador

Despite the importance of tropical montane cloud forest streams, studies investigating aquatic communities in these regions are rare and knowledge on the driving factors of community structure is missing. The objectives of this study therefore were to understand how land-use influences habitat structure and macroinvertebrate communities in cloud forest streams of southern Ecuador. We evaluated these relationships in headwater streams with variable land cover, using multivariate statistics to identify relationships between key habitat variables and assemblage structure, and to resolve differences in composition among sites. Results show that shading intensity, substrate type and pH were the environmental parameters most closely related to variation in community composition observed among sites. In addition, macroinvertebrate density and partly diversity was lower in forested sites, possibly because the pH in forested streams lowered to almost 5 during spates. Standard bioindicator metrics were unable to detect the changes in assemblage structure between disturbed and forested streams. In general, our results indicate that tropical montane headwater streams are complex and heterogeneous ecosystems with low invertebrate densities. We also found that some amount of disturbance, i.e. patchy deforestation, can lead at least initially to an increase in macroinvertebrate taxa richness of these streams.