Mate attenuates DNA damage and carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine and thermal injury in rat esophagus

Drinking hot mate has been associated with risk for esophageal cancer in South America. Thus. the aims of this study were to evaluate the modifying effects of mate intake on DNA damage and esophageal carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and thermal injury (TI) in male Wistar rats. At the initiation phase of carcinogenesis, rats were treated with DEN (8 x 80 mg/kg) and submitted to TI (water at 65 degrees C, 1 ml/rat, instilled into the esophagus). Concomitantly, the animals received mate (2.0% w/v) for 8 weeks. Samples of peripheral blood were collected 4 h after the last DEN application for DNA damage analysis. At weeks 8 and 20, samples from esophagus and liver were also collected for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Mate significantly decreased DNA damage in leukocytes, cell proliferation rates in both esophagus and liver and the number of preneoplastic liver lesions from DEN/TI-treated animals at week 8. A significant lower incidence of esophageal papillomas and liver adenomas and tumor multiplicity was observed in the animals previously treated with mate at week 20. Thus, mate presented protective effects against DNA damage and esophageal and liver carcinogenesis induced by DEN. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Consumption of mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) decreases the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in mouse liver

Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is rich in polyphenolic compounds, which are thought to contribute to the health benefits of tea. Mate tea was administered orally to mice at a dose of 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 g/kg for 60 d, and changes both in serum lipid concentration and fatty acid composition of liver and kidney were examined. The effects of mate tea on serum and tissue lipid peroxidation were assessed by the evaluation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). In tea-consuming mice, both MUFA (18: 1n-9) and PUFA (18: 2n-6 and 20: 4n-6) were increased (P<0.05) in the liver lipid (approximately 90 and 60%, respectively), whereas only MUFA (approximately 20%) were increased in the kidney lipid. The most altered PUFA class was n-6 PUFA, which increased by approximately 60-75 % (P<0.05). This difference in the fatty acid profile in the liver is reflected in the increased PUFA:SFA ratio. Consistent with these results, mice fed with mate tea had much lower TBARS in the liver. No differences (P>0.05) were found in the levels of serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and TAG under the conditions of the present study. These results suggest that treatment with mate tea was able to protect unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation and may have selective protective effects within the body, especially on the liver.

Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Aqueous Extract Decreases Intestinal SGLT1 Gene Expression but Does Not Affect Other Biochemical Parameters in Alloxan-Diabetic Wistar Rats

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is rich in polyphenols, especially chlorogenic acids. Evidence suggests that dietary polyphenols could play a role in glucose absorption and metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic properties of yerba mate extract in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Animals (n = 41) were divided in four groups: nondiabetic control (NDC, n = 10), nondiabetic yerba mate (NDY, n = 10), diabetic control (DC, n = 11), and diabetic yerba mate (NDY, n = 10). The intervention consisted in the administration of yerba mate extract in a 1 g extract/kg body weight dose for 28 days; controls received saline solution only. There were no significant differences in serum glucose, insulin, and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity between the groups that ingested yerba mate extract (NDY and DY) and the controls (NDC and DC). However, the intestinal SGLT1 gene expression was significantly lower in animals that received yerba mate both in upper (p = 0.007) and middle (p < 0.001) small intestine. These results indicate that bioactive compounds present in yerba mate might be capable of interfering in glucose absorption, by decreasing SGLT1 expression.

Creek Heelsplitter Lasmigona compressa, 2011

Data sheet produced by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources is about different times of animals, insects, snakes, birds, fish, butterflies, etc. that can be found in Iowa.

NOTES on THE BIOLOGY and BEHAVIOUR of THE JEWEL WASP, AMPULEX COMPRESSA (FABRICIUS, 1781) (HYMENOPTERA; AMPULICIDAE), IN THE LABORATORY, INCLUDING FIRST RECORD of GREGARIOUS REPRODUCTION

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Caste differences in Pseudopolybia compressa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

On the morphology of the juvenile stages of Ampulex compressa (Fabricius 1781) (Hymenoptera, Ampulicidae)

Ampulex compressa is a cockroach-hunting ampulicid wasp. In this survey we describe its egg, mature larva, along with the 1st and 2nd larval instars and cocoon, with emphasis on the characters considered important to the phylogeny of apoid wasps. It shares the following traits with the Sphecidae: reduced head setae, absence of antennal papilla, three antennal sensilla on antennal orbit, broad and strongly emarginate labrum, and spinneret with prominent raised lips. In common with other Ampulicidae, it has integument of the body granulose and without setae, mandibles with four or five teeth and lacking basal setae, maxillary palp larger than galea and discrete parietal bands. Distinct from the other Ampulicidae, it has a deep median longitudinal groove in the area above the salivary lips, a distinct group of five sensilla on the subgenal area, and lacks spines on the spiracular peritreme. Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press.

Analisi dei guasti di impianti di vaporizzazione di azoto ed aria compressa

Nel corso degli ultimi decenni, ha assunto importanza crescente il tema della sicurezza e dell’affidabilità degli impianti dell’industria di processo. Tramite l’analisi di affidabilità è possibile individuare i componenti critici di un impianto più a rischio. Nel presente lavoro di tesi è stata eseguita l’analisi di affidabilità di tre impianti dello stabilimento SOL di Mantova: l’impianto di vaporizzazione azoto a bassa pressione, l’impianto di vaporizzazione azoto a media pressione e l’impianto di produzione di aria sintetica. A partire dai diagrammi P&ID degli impianti si è effettuata l’analisi delle possibili modalità di guasto degli impianti stessi tramite la tecnica FMECA, acronimo di Failure Modes & Effects Criticality Analisys. Una volta definite le modalità di guasto degli impianti, si è proceduto a quantificarne l’affidabilità utilizzando la tecnica FTA, acronimo di Fault Tree Analisys. I risultati ottenuti dall’analisi degli alberi dei guasti, hanno permesso di individuare gli eventi primari che maggiormente contribuiscono al fallimento dei sistemi studiati, consentendo di formulare ipotesi per l’incremento di affidabilità degli impianti.

Controllo di un impianto ad aria compressa per limitare gli avviamenti del compressore mediante regolatore misto retroazione-azione in avanti

Progetto di un sistema di controllo della pressione dellʼaria compressa in un serbatoio. In particolare, dopo aver introdotto gli impianti ad aria compressa e mostrato i vari parametri di tali impianti, si vedrà̀ un modo di progettare un sistema di controllo che permetta di inviare allʼutenza una portata di aria che consenta di mantenere costante la pressione nel serbatoio di accumulo, dal quale lʼutenza preleva la portata. Il sistema permetterà di variare allʼoccorrenza lo spazio nocivo (o volume nocivo) del compressore volumetrico dellʼimpianto, in base a quanto volume dʼaria viene richiesto ad ogni ciclo di mandata dallʼutenza (volume dʼaria per ciclo o portata dʼaria); in generale i compressori di questo tipo di impianti possono essere o volumetrici o rotativi, ma in questo lavoro di tesi ci si concentrerà su compressori volumetrici. Il sistema servirà a fare in modo di mantenere la pressione nel serbatoio costante, per evitare dannose sovrappressioni al suo interno (o al contrario pressioni troppo basse), che con lʼausilio di pressostati inducono lo spegnimento del compressore (pressioni troppo basse al contrario ne inducono lʼaccensione se spento), con successivo riavviamento. Quindi il sistema aiuterà a limitare il più possibile il numero di avviamenti, riducendo il consumo energetico dovuto alle correnti di spunto ed evitando di danneggiare il compressore. Per verificare il corretto funzionamento del sistema si utilizzerà un modello simulato del sistema di controllo della pressione nel serbatoio realizzato in ambiente software Simulink. Verrà infine anche quantificato il risparmio economico che si ottiene con lʼintroduzione del sistema.

Mychodea compressa; Mychodeaceae

Mychodea compressa Harvey

Beitrage zur Embryologie von Ardisia crispa A.DC.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universitat Breslau.

Seed dormancy and germination responses of nine Australian fire ephemerals

Fire ephemerals are short-lived plants with seeds that persist in the soil and germinate after a fire or physical soil disturbance. Ex situ germination of many Australian fire ephemerals has previously been difficult. Dormancy was present in most of the nine fire ephemerals examined. Alyogyne hakeifolia (Giord.) Alef. and Alyogyne huegelii (Endl.) Fryxell (Malvaceae) seeds had physical and possibly also physiological dormancy, Actinotus leucocephalus Benth. (Apiaceae) seeds had morphophysiological dormancy, Austrostipa compressa (R.Br.) S.W.L. Jacobs & J. Everett and Austrostipa macalpinei (Reader) S.W.L. Jacobs & J. Everett (Poaceae) seeds were either non-dormant or possessed physiological dormancy, and seeds of all remaining species possessed physiological dormancy. A proportion of the Alyogyne hakeifolia, Alyogyne huegelii, Austrostipa compressa and Austrostipa macalpinei seed populations were non-dormant because some seeds could germinate at the various incubation temperatures without further treatment. At 20 degrees C, artificial methods of inducing germination such as manual or acid scarification were among the optimal treatments for Austrostipa compressa, Austrostipa macalpinei, Alyogyne huegelii, Actinotus leucocephalus and Grevillea scapigera A.S. George (Proteaceae), and gibberellic acid induced maximum germination of Tersonia cyathiflora (Fenzl) J.W. Green (Gyrostemonaceae) seeds. Heat (70 degrees C for 1 h) and smoke water was one of the most effective treatments for germinating Actinotus leucocephalus and Codonocarpus cotinifolius (Desf.) F. Muell. (Gyrostemonaceae) seeds. Germination of Grevillea scapigera, Codonocarpus cotinifolius, Gyrostemon racemiger H. Walter (Gyrostemonaceae) and Tersonia cyathiflora did not exceed 40% and may require other treatments to overcome dormancy. Although the nine fire ephemerals examined require fire to germinate under natural conditions, a range of germination responses and dormancy types was observed.