990 resultados para 7140-206


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This study investigates the landscape evolution and soil development in the loess area near Regensburg between approximately 6000-2000 yr BP (radiocarbon years), Eastern Bavaria. The focus is on the question how man and climate influenced landscape evolution and what their relative significance was. The theoretical background concerning the factors that controlled prehistoric soil erosion in Middle Europe is summarized with respect to rainfall intensity and distribution, pedogenesis, Pleistocene relief, and prehistoric farming. Colluvial deposits , flood loams, and soils were studied at ten different and representative sites that served as archives of their respective palaeoenvironments. Geomorphological, sedimentological, and pedological methods were applied. According to the findings presented here, there was a high asynchronity of landscape evolution in the investigation area, which was due to prehistoric land-use patterns. Prehistoric land use and settlement caused highly difIerenciated phases of morphodynamic activity and stability in time and space. These are documented at the single catenas ofeach site. In general, Pleistocene relief was substantially lowered. At the same time smaller landforms such as dells and minor asymmetric valleys filled up and strongly transformed. However, there were short phases at many sites, forming short lived linear erosion features ('Runsen'), resulting from exceptional rainfalls. These forms are results of single events without showing regional trends. Generally, the onset of the sedimentation of colluvial deposits took place much earlier (usually 3500 yr BP (radiocarbon) and younger) than the formation of flood loams. Thus, the deposition of flood loams in the Kleine Laaber river valley started mainly as a consequence of iron age farming only at around 2500 yr BP (radiocarbon). A cascade system explains the different ages of colluvial deposits and flood loams: as a result of prehistoric land use, dells and other minor Pleistocene landforms were filled with colluvial sediments. After the filling of these primary sediment traps , eroded material was transported into flood plains, thus forming flood loams. But at the moment we cannot quantify the extent ofprehistoric soil erosion in the investigation area. The three factors that controlled the prehistoric Iandscapc evolution in the Ioess area near Regensburg are as follows: 1. The transformation from a natural to a prehistoric cultural landscape was the most important factor: A landscape with stable relief was changed into a highly morphodynamic one with soil erosion as the dominant process of this change. 2. The sediment traps of the pre-anthropogenic relief determined where the material originated from soil erosion was deposited: either sedimentation took place on the slopes or the filled sediment traps of the slopes rendered flood loam formation possible. Climatic influence of any importance can only be documented as the result of land use in connection with singular and/or statistic events of heavy rainfalls. Without human impact, no significant change in the Holocene landscape would have been possible.

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O Ministro da Fazenda Bresser Pereira reuniu-se com os constituintes para tentar alterar o texto do substitutivo sobre a reforma tributária. Mas os parlamentares disseram que é difícil modificar o aumento de 33 para 50% da transferência de recursos da União para os Estados e Municípios. O Deputado Bernardo Cabral (PMDB-AM) foi ao Plenário defender-se das críticas sobre a quebra do acordo realizado com as Forças Armadas no texto do substitutivo referente à anistia. O Relator disse que não se comprometeu com ninguém, logo não houve traição. A Comissão das Nações Unidas para o Meio Ambiente está no Brasil para apresentar aos constituintes o relatório "Nosso Futuro Comum", que foi entregue ao Presidente da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC), Deputado Ulysses Guimarães. A representante da ONU Margarita Marino relata que é muito importante para a Comissão estar neste momento histórico no Congresso, quando aqui se prepara a Carta Magna. O Deputado Fábio Feldmann (PMDB-SP) considera importante que haja uma visão ampla de meio ambiente, que se incorpore ao planejamento nacional do desenvolvimento do país. Artistas foram à Assembleia Nacional Constituinte para reivindicar o fim de qualquer tipo de censura. A atriz Lélia Abramo informa que o povo brasileiro é livre e deve ter o direito de escolher o que lhe convém ou não. Sindicalistas apresentaram ao relator Bernardo Cabral diversas sugestões, que incluem a discordância com a retirada da estabilidade no emprego no texto do substitutivo e a reivindicação da jornada de 40 (quarenta) horas semanais. O Presidente da CNTI José Calixto informa sobre a exclusão de alguns direitos dos trabalhadores no projeto. O Deputado Paulo Paim (PT-RS) sugere que cada parlamentar apresente sua posição e vote sobre a estabilidade no Plenário da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte.

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利用能量为60-80MeV的~(12)C束流,通过~197An(~(12)C,3n)~206At反应研究了~206At核的高自旋能级结构.用7台BGO(AC)HPGe探测器和一台用于探测低能γ射线的平面型HPGe探测器进行了γ射线的激发函数、γ-γ-t符合及γ射线的角分布测量.基于这些测量,首次建立了包括25条γ跃迁的~206At高自旋能级纲图.确定了一个半寿命为(908±400)ns、自旋和宇称为10的同质异能态.基于较重的双奇核~(208,210 )At能级结构的系统性,对~(206)At的10~-同质异能态进行了讨论.

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1990

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Anthropogenically deposited lead (Pb) binds efficiently to soil organic matter, which can be mobilized through hydrologically mediated mechanisms, with implications for ecological and potable quality of receiving waters. Lead isotopic ((206)Pb/(207)Pb) ratios change down peat profiles as a consequence of long-term temporal variation in depositional sources, each with distinctive isotopic signatures. This study characterizes differential Pb transport mechanisms from deposition to streams at two small catchments with contrasting soil types in upland Wales, U.K., by determining Pb concentrations and (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratios from soil core profiles, interstitial pore waters, and stream water. Hydrological characteristics of soils are instrumental in determining the location in soil profiles of exported Pb and hence concentration and (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratios in surface waters. The highest Pb concentrations from near-surface soils are mobilized, concomitant with high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exports, from hydrologically responsive peat soils with preferential shallow subsurface flows, leading to increased Pb concentrations in stream water and isotopic signatures more closely resembling recently deposited Pb. In more minerogenic soils, percolation of water allows Pb, bound to DOC, to be retained in mineral horizons and combined with other groundwater sources, resulting in Pb being transported from throughout the profile with a more geogenic isotopic signature. This study shows that (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratios can enhance our understanding of the provenances and transport mechanisms of Pb and potentially organic matter within upland soils.

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Coarse grained sample with sub-angular to sub-rounded clasts. Clasts range from small to medium sized. Major grain crushing seen throughout the sample. Grain stacking and lineations are also present. A dark organic rich domain can be seen within the sample.