Developments in phosphine resistance in China and possible implications for Australia

Resistance to phosphine was characterised in strains of rice weevil, Sirophilus oryzae, and the psocids Liposcelis entomophila and L. decolor from China and Australia. Mixed-age cultures (containing all life stages) of insects were tested using a flow-through apparatus. The criterion of response was 'time to population extinction' defined as the exposure period, in days, at which 100% mortality of adults and no live progeny were achieved. Chinese S. oryzae took 11 and 7 days for population extinction at 200 and 700 ppm phosphine, respectively, compared with the Australian strain, which was controlled in 7 and 5 days, respectively. Similarly, the Chinese strains L. Enfornophila and L. decolor were generally more difficult to control than the corresponding Australian strains. The Chinese strains of L. decolor showed resistance levels stronger than any grain storage insect pest species so far detected in Australia. This research allows us to evaluate the likely significance of potential new resistance to the Australian grain industry and to prepare effective fumigation dosages and resistance management strategies to combat new strong resistances before they emerge here.

Dynamical behavior in the nonlinear rheology of surfactant solutions

Several surfactant molecules self-assemble in solution to form long, flexible wormlike micelles which get entangled with each other, leading to viscoelastic gel phases. We discuss our recent work on the rheology of such a gel formed in the dilute aqueous solutions of a surfactant CTAT. In the linear rheology regime, the storage modulus G′(ω) and loss modulus G″(ω) have been measured over a wide frequency range. In the nonlinear regime, the shear stress σ shows a plateau as a function of the shear rate math above a certain cutoff shear rate mathc. Under controlled shear rate conditions in the plateau regime, the shear stress and the first normal stress difference show oscillatory time-dependence. The analysis of the measured time series of shear stress and normal stress has been done using several methods incorporating state space reconstruction by embedding of time delay vectors. The analysis shows the existence of a finite correlation dimension and a positive Lyapunov exponent, unambiguously implying that the dynamics of the observed mechanical instability can be described by that of a dynamical system with a strange attractor of dimension varying from 2.4 to 2.9.

Molecular beam epitaxy of GaSb on GaAs substrates with AlSb/GaSb compound buffer layers

GaSb films with AlSb/GaSb compound buffer layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (001) substrates. The crystal quality and optical properties were studied by high resolution transition electron microscopy and low temperature photoluminescence spectra (PL), respectively. It was found that the AlSb/GaSb compound buffer layers can restrict the dislocations into GaSb epilayers. The intensity of PL spectra of GaSb layer becomes large with the increasing the periods of AlSb/GaSb superlattices, indicating that the optical quality of GaSb films is improved.

Carbon ceramic electrodes modified with sub-micron particles of new methylene blue (NMB) intercalated alpha-zirconium phosphate

New methylene blue-intercalated a-zirconium phosphate (NMBZrP) was synthesized in the presence of n-butylamine and characterized by powder XRD, FTIR, TEM and elemental analysis. Sub-micron particles of NMBZrP in deionized water were apt to deposit onto the surface of graphite powder to yield graphite powder-supported NMBZrP, which was subsequently dispersed into methyltrimethoxysilane-derived gels to fabricate surface-renewable, stable, rigid carbon ceramic electrodes containing new methylene blue. Cyclic voltammetric studies revealed that peak currents of the NMBZrP-modified electrode were surface-confined at low scan rates but diffusion-controlled. at high scan rates. In addition, NMBZrP immobilized in a carbon ceramic matrix presented a two-electron, three-proton redox process in acidic aqueous solution in the pH range from 0.52 to 3.95.

Estudo da variação da abundância e diversidade de procariotas em sedimentos subsuperficiais marinhos

Os sedimentos marinhos subsuperficiais profundos são, atualmente, um ambiente ainda pouco conhecido do ponto de vista microbiológico, nomeadamente quanto aos processos metabólicos que nele têm lugar e quanto à sua possível influência nos ciclos biogeoquímicos. O acesso a amostras colhidas em sedimentos profundos, particularmente no âmbito dos programas IODP (International Ocean Discovery Program) e ECORD (European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling) tem permitido recolher informação sobre a estrutura das comunidades de procariotas bem como sobre alguns dos fatores que regulam a sua distribuição e atividade. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a distribuição e a diversidade estrutural das comunidades de procariotas em sedimentos subsuperficiais profundos colhidos no Arco Izu-Bonin-Mariana, no mar das Filipinas, com recurso a métodos independentes de cultivo (PCR-DGGE) e à contagem de células por microscopia de epifluorescência. Os resultados apontam para a existência de comunidades de Bacteria e Archaea diversas. Os valores do índice de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver (H’) calculados com base nos perfis de DGGE (Bacteria) foram significativamente mais elevados (3,035 – 1,971) nas camadas superficiais (< 140 mafm) do que nos sedimentos (2,519 - 1,049) correspondentes a profundidades superiores entre 163 e 879 mafm. A abundância máxima (8,66 x 106 células.gps-1) foi registada à profundidade de 67 mafm e valor mínimo (2,26 x 106 células.gps-1) foi observado em amostras colhidas a 879 mafm de profundidade. Abundância e diversidade apresentaram correlação negativa com a profundidade e com o teor de sulfato. Os resultados indicam que ao longo da coluna de sedimento se estabelecem comunidades de procariotas estruturalmente diferentes e adaptadas ao ambiente geoquímico prevalecente, nomeadamente em termos dos aceitadores de eletrões disponíveis. O estudo do microbioma destas amostras representativas do ambiente sedimentar subsuperficial profundo será continuado e detalhado, com recurso a técnicas de sequenciação avançada.

Mastery, perceived stress and health-related behaviour in northeast Arnhem Land: a cross-sectional study

Affiliation: Mark Daniel : Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal

Good-visibility computation using graphics hardware

Aquesta tesi tracta del disseny, implementació i discussió d'algoritmes per resoldre problemes de visibilitat i bona-visibilitat utilitzant el hardware gràfic de l'ordinador. Concretament, s'obté una discretització dels mapes de multi-visibilitat i bona-visibilitat a partir d'un conjunt d'objectes de visió i un conjunt d'obstacles. Aquests algoritmes són útils tant per fer càlculs en dues dimensions com en tres dimensions. Fins i tot ens permeten calcular-los sobre terrenys.