Physical oceanography from the TRACTOR project

Primary Objectives - Describe and quantify the present strength and variability of the circulation and oceanic processes of the Nordic Seas regions using primarily observations of the long term spread of a tracer purposefully released into the Greenland Sea Gyre in 1996. - Improve our understanding of ocean processes critical to the thermaholine circulation in the Nordic Seas regions so as to be able to predict how this region may respond to climate change. - Assess the role of mixing and ageing of water masses on the carbon transport and the role of the thermohaline circulation in carbon storage using water transports and mixing coefficients derived from the tracer distribution. Specific Objectives Perform annual hydrographic, chemical and SF6 tracer surveys into the Nordic regions in order to: - Measure lateral and diapycnal mixing rates in the Greenland Sea Gyre and in the surrounding regions. - Document the depth and rates of convective mixing in the Greenland Sea using the SF6 and the water masses characteristics. - Measure the transit time and transport of water from the Greenland Sea to surrounding seas and outflows. Document processes of water mass transformation and entrainment occurring to water emanating from the central Greenland Sea. - Measure diapycnal mixing rates in the bottom and margins of the Greenland Sea basin using the SF6 signal observed there. Quantify the potential role of bottom boundary-layer mixing in the ventilation of the Greenland Sea Deep Water in absence of deep convection. Monitor the variability of the entrainment of water from the Greenland Sea using time series auto-sampler moorings at strategic positions i.e., sill of the Denmark Strait, Labrador Sea, Jan Mayen fracture zone and Fram Strait. Relate the observed variability of the tracer signal in the outflows to convection events in the Greenland Sea and local wind stress events. Obtain a better description of deepwater overflow and entrainment processes in the Denmark Strait and Faeroe Bank Channel overflows and use these to improve modelling of deepwater overflows. Monitor the tracer invasion into the North Atlantic using opportunistic SF6 measurements from other cruises: we anticipate that a number of oceanographic cruises will take place in the north-east Atlantic and the Labrador Sea. It should be possible to get samples from some cruises for SF6 measurements. Use process models to describe the spread of the tracer to achieve better parameterisation for three-dimensional models. One reason that these are so resistant to prediction is that our best ocean models are as yet some distance from being good enough, to predict climate and climate change.

Clustering and solute-vacancy binding energies in Al-4.4% Zn alloy with 0.01% ternary additions

Isochronal and isothermal ageing experiments have been carried out to determine the influence of 0.01 at. % addition of a second solute on the clustering rate in the quenched Al-4,4 a/o Zn alloy. The influence of quenching and ageing temperatures has been interpreted to obtain the apparent vacancy formation and vacancy migration energies in the various ternary alloys. Using a vacancy-aided clustering model the following values of binding free energy have been evaluated: Ce-0.18; Dy-0.24; Fe-0.18; Li-0.25; Mn-0.27; Nb-0.18; Pt-0.23; Sb-0.21; Si-0.30; Y-0.25; and Yb-0.23 (± 0.02 eV). These binding energy values refer to that between a solute atom and a single vacancy. The values of vacancy migration energy (c. 0.4 eV) and the experimental activation energy for solute diffusion (c. 1.1 eV) are unaffected by the presence of the ternary atoms in the Al-Zn alloy.

ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis Based on Cyclohexadienes. Part 16. Synthesis of Methyl 2,7-Dimethyltricyclo (5.2.2.01,5)undec-5-ene-6-carboxylates

Synthesis of methyl 2, 7-dimethyltricyclo{5.2.2.0(1,5}undec-5-en-6-carboxylates, the tricyclic skeleton present in (+)-allo-cedrol (1) is described using the Diels-Alder strategy. Thus, Birch reduction of the aromatic acid 8 gives 5, the methyl ester of which is isomerised with DBU to a 1:1 mixture of the dienes 6 and 4. Cycloaddition of this mixture with 2-chloroacrylonitrile followed by hydrolysis yields the ketone 60 having the tricyclo{5.2.2.0(1.5)}undec-5-ene framework. Similar reaction with methyl vinyl ketone affords the regioisomeric adducts 61 and 62.

Mossbauer study of La1-xCaxMn1-y (57)FeyO(3) with x = 0, 0.25; y=0.01

Temperature dependent Mossbauer measurements are done on the samples of La1- xCaxMn1-y (FeyO3)-Fe-57 with x=0 and 0.25, and y=0.01. With decreasing temperature, the specimen with x=0.25 shows a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition around 175 K. In the specimen x=0.0, the temperature dependence of both the center shift (delta) and the recoilless fraction (f) can be fitted very well with the Debye theory with a theta(D)=320+/-50 K. But for the specimens with x=0.25, f and delta show distinct deviations from the Debye behavior in the temperature range in which the resistivity shows a sharp decrease. Dips observed in both the f and delta around the transition temperature suggest that the Jahn-Teller distortion observed in these systems is dynamic in nature.

Activation of Lattice Oxygen of TiO2 by Pd2+ Ion: Correlation of Low-Temperature CO and Hydrocarbon Oxidation with Structure of Ti1-xPdxO2-x (x=0.01-0.03)

Lattice oxygen of TiO2 is activated by the substitution of Pd ion in its lattice. Ti1-xPdxO2-x (x = 0.01-0.03) have been synthesized by solution combustion method crystallizing in anatase TiO2 structure. Pd is in +2 oxidation state and Ti is in +4 oxidation state in the catalyst. Pd is more ionic in TiO2 lattice compared to Pd in PdO. Oxygen storage capacity defined by ``amount of oxygen that is used reversibly to oxidize CO'' is as high as 5100 mu mol/g of Ti0.97Pd0.03O1.97. Oxygen is extracted by CO to CO2 in absence of feed oxygen even at room temperature which is more than 20 times compared to pure TiO2. Rate of CO oxidation is 2.75 mu mol g(-1) s(-1) at 60 degrees C over Ti0.97Pd0.03O1.97 and C2H2 gets oxidized to CO2 and H2O at room temperature. Catalyst is not poisoned on long time operation of the reactor. Such high catalytic activity is due to activated lattice oxygen created by the substitution of Pd ion as seen from first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations with 96 atom supercells of Ti32O64, Ti31Pd1O63, Ti30Pd2O62, and Ti29Pd3O61. The compounds crystallize in anatase TiO2 structure with Pd2+ ion in nearly square planar geometry and TiO6 octahedra are distorted by the creation of weakly bound oxygens. Structural analysis of Ti31Pd1O63 which is close to 3% Pd ion substituted TiO2 shows that oxygens associated with both Ti and Pd ions in the lattice show bond valence sum of 1.87, a low value characteristic of weak oxygen in the lattice compared to oxygens with valence 2 and above in the same lattice. Exact positions of activated oxygens have been identified in the lattice from DFT calculations.

Memory effect in SrRu(1-x)O3 (0.01 < x < 0.07)

SrRuO3 is widely known to be an itinerant ferromagnet with a T-C similar to 160 K. It is well known that glassy materials exhibit time dependent phenomena such as memory effect due to their generic slow dynamics. However, for the first time, we have observed memory effect in SrRu(1-x)O3 (0.01

Calidad bromatológica del ensilaje de hoja de plátano (Musàcea: variedad FHIA-01) con dos niveles de inclusión de levadura de torula (Candida utilis) más melaza

El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de determinar la calidad bromatológica (materia seca MS, proteína bruta PB, fibra neutro detergente FND), ácidos grasos volátiles AGV (ácido láctico, ácido acético, acido butírico) y pH del ensilaje de hoja de plátano (Musácea; variedad, FHIA-01), con dos niveles de inclusión de levadura de Torula (Candida utilis). El muestreo se realizó en la granja porcina y en los laboratorios de bromatología y microbiología de la Facultad de Ciencia Animal de la UNA. Los micro silos fueron conservados por 30 días. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron dos niveles de inclusión de levadura de Torula (Candida utilis al 0.5 y 1%). Los tratamientos se distribuyeron en un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) con tres repeticiones. El tratamiento uno (T1) consistió en hoja de plátano; el tratamiento dos (T2) en hoja de platano+melaza+0.5%levadura de Torula y el tratamiento tres (T3) en hoja de platano+melaza+1% levadura de Torula. Los resultados de la calidad bromatológica para MS por tratamiento fueron para T3:17.68%, T2: 17.22% y para T1: 16.46%. La PB alcanzó valores de: 14.08%, 13.50%, 13.12% para T3, T1 y T2, respectivamente. La FND presentó valores por tratamiento de T1: 67.80%, T3: 61.32% y T2: 56.39. Para los AGV, los resultados fueron para ácido láctico: T2 con 1.25%, T3 con 1.19% y T1 con 0.74%; para ácido acético T1 con 2.46%, T2 con 1.44% y T3 con 1.40; para ácido butírico no hubo presencia en ninguno de los tratamientos. Los resultados para el pH fueron para T1: 6.75%, para T3: 4.17% y para T2: 4.07. Con base en estos resultados, el T3 presentó mejor resultado en la calidad bromatológica y pH, superando al resto de los tratamientos, aunque obtuvo mejor resultado el T2 para el caso del ácido láctico. El uso de levaduras y melaza en el ensilaje mejora su calidad bromatológica.

Alguns comentários sobre alterações da lei nº 10.267/01

Consultoria Legislativa - Área VI - Direito Agrário e Política Fundiária.

Alteração do art. 2.031 do Código civil pela Medida provisória n. 234, de 11.01.2005

Consultoria Legislativa - Área II - Direito Civil e Processual Civil, Direito Penal e Processual Penal, de Família, do Autor, de Sucessões, Internacional Privado.

Sobre as alterações no crédito imobiliário e outras referentes à política habitacional contidas na MP 2.212 de 30/8/01 e nas MPs 2.221 e 2.223 de 4/9/01

Consultoria Legislativa - Área VII - Finanças, Direito Comercial, Direito Econômico, Defesa do Consumidor - Área XI - Meio Ambiente, Geografia, Urbanismo, Arquitetura.

[Discurso do Deputado Daso Coimbra : Sessão da Câmara dos Deputados de 01 de julho de 1964]

Discussão do Projeto de Lei nº 1.042/63 (dispõe sobre a elaboração de um Plano Diretor Regional, ao qual ficará subordinada a utilização das áreas que constituem o Distrito Federal). Afirmação das condições de Habitalidade de Brasília. Defesa da sua consolidação absoluta como Capital do País.

[Discurso do Deputado Antônio Bresolin : Sessão da Câmara dos Deputados de 01 de julho de 1964]

Ressalta a importância do projeto de lei n. 1042 de 1963, que dispõe sobre a elaboração de um Plano Diretor Regional, ao qual ficará subordinada a utilização das áreas que constituem o Distrito Federal. Assinala as vantagens que teria o Prefeito de Brasília se viesse a rescindir os contratos de mansões e terrenos não pagos e os revendesse em seguida. Cita as possibilidades turísticas do Parque do Gama.

[Discurso do Deputado Arruda Câmara : Sessão da Câmara dos Deputados de 01 de julho de 1964]

Assinala as deficiências da cidade de Brasília. Ressalta a necessidade de que o Presidente da República e seus Ministros se instalem definitivamente na nova capital.