N-methylation of diamino-substituted macrocyclic complexes: Intermolecular reactions

Two N-based isomeric copper(II) complexes of the macrocycle trans-6,13-dimethyl-6,13-bis(dimethylamino)1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (L(3)) have been synthesized and characterised spectroscopically and structurally: alpha-[CuL(3)(OH2)(2)]Cl-2, monoclinic, space group C2/m, a = 12.908(4), b = 12.433(2), c = 7.330(2) Angstrom, beta = 105.87(2)degrees, Z = 2; beta-[CuL(3)(OClO3)(2)]. 2H(2)O, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, a = 9.708(3), b = 9.686(3), c = 14.202(4) Angstrom, beta = 106.17(1)degrees, Z = 2. The two isomers exhibit very similar co-ordination spheres but significantly different visible electronic maxima. This difference is attributed to an intramolecular N ... H contact between the pendant dimethylamino group and an adjacent secondary amine H atom.

Intérêt de l'angiographie numérisée au vert d'indocyanine dans le diagnostic différentiel des tumeurs non pigmentées de la choroïde [Value of indocyanine green videoangiography in differential diagnosis of nonpigmented tumors of the choroid]

BACKGROUND: Indocyanine green video-angiography (ICG) is a recent examination technique, its possibilities and limitations as far as intraocular tumours are concerned, haven't been fully explored yet. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have studied 50 cases of non-pigmented choroidal tumours, including 14 cases of choroidal hemangioma's, 11 cases of posterior uveal metastases and 25 cases of non-pigmented melanoma's. RESULTS: Characteristic images were obtained when examining choroidal hemangioma's and, until a certain point, posterior choroidal metastases. Non pigmented melanoma's on the contrary, presented a great variety of different indocyanine green angiographic pictures. CONCLUSION: Indocyanine green video-angiography (ICG) has a definite value in the differential diagnosis of non-pigmented posterior choroidal tumours.

Ikäihmisten kotona asumista tukeva osaaminen : ideoita koulutuksen kehittämiseen

Ilm. v. 2013

Maatalousalueiden kosteikkojen, suojavyöhykkeiden ja luonnon monimuotoisuuden yleissuunnitelma : Sotkamo

Sotkamoon Kiimasjärven alueelle sekä Tipasjoen ja Sumsanjoen valuma-alueille laadittiin maatalousalueiden kosteikkojen, suojavyöhykkeiden ja luonnon monimuotoisuuden yleissuunnitelma vuosina 2014–2015. Suunnittelualueelta kartoitettiin perinnebiotooppeja, luonnon monimuotoisuuskohteita sekä mahdollisia kosteikkojen ja suojavyöhykkeiden perustamispaikkoja. Yleissuunnitelmaan valittiin mukaan 88 esimerkkikohdetta, jotka on esitelty karttojen ja kohdekuvausten avulla. Yleissuunnittelun tarkoituksena on tehostaa maatalouden vesiensuojelua ja luonnonhoitoa sekä suunnata toimenpiteet tärkeimmille kohteille. Tavoitteena on kannustaa viljelijöitä ja yhdistyksiä hyödyntämään maataloustukimahdollisuuksia sekä lisätä viranomaisten, neuvojien ja viljelijöiden välistä vuorovaikutusta. Kohteiden kuuluminen yleissuunnitelmaan ei rajoita alueiden käyttöä. Maanomistajia ei velvoiteta kohteiden hoitamiseen eikä kosteikkojen tai suojavyöhykkeiden perustamiseen, vaan toteutus on vapaaehtoista.

Functional studies of the deubiquitinating enzymes USP19, USP4 and UCH-L1

El marcaje de proteínas con ubiquitina, conocido como ubiquitinación, cumple diferentes funciones que incluyen la regulación de varios procesos celulares, tales como: la degradación de proteínas por medio del proteosoma, la reparación del ADN, la señalización mediada por receptores de membrana, y la endocitosis, entre otras (1). Las moléculas de ubiquitina pueden ser removidas de sus sustratos gracias a la acción de un gran grupo de proteasas, llamadas enzimas deubiquitinizantes (DUBs) (2). Las DUBs son esenciales para la manutención de la homeostasis de la ubiquitina y para la regulación del estado de ubiquitinación de diferentes sustratos. El gran número y la diversidad de DUBs descritas refleja tanto su especificidad como su utilización para regular un amplio espectro de sustratos y vías celulares. Aunque muchas DUBs han sido estudiadas a profundidad, actualmente se desconocen los sustratos y las funciones biológicas de la mayoría de ellas. En este trabajo se investigaron las funciones de las DUBs: USP19, USP4 y UCH-L1. Utilizando varias técnicas de biología molecular y celular se encontró que: i) USP19 es regulada por las ubiquitin ligasas SIAH1 y SIAH2 ii) USP19 es importante para regular HIF-1α, un factor de transcripción clave en la respuesta celular a hipoxia, iii) USP4 interactúa con el proteosoma, iv) La quimera mCherry-UCH-L1 reproduce parcialmente los fenotipos que nuestro grupo ha descrito previamente al usar otros constructos de la misma enzima, y v) UCH-L1 promueve la internalización de la bacteria Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

An artificial economy based on reinforcement learning and agent based modeling

In this paper, we employ techniques from artificial intelligence such as reinforcement learning and agent based modeling as building blocks of a computational model for an economy based on conventions. First we model the interaction among firms in the private sector. These firms behave in an information environment based on conventions, meaning that a firm is likely to behave as its neighbors if it observes that their actions lead to a good pay off. On the other hand, we propose the use of reinforcement learning as a computational model for the role of the government in the economy, as the agent that determines the fiscal policy, and whose objective is to maximize the growth of the economy. We present the implementation of a simulator of the proposed model based on SWARM, that employs the SARSA(λ) algorithm combined with a multilayer perceptron as the function approximation for the action value function.

Educación indígena y proceso civilizatorio en Ecuador

Este trabajo estudia el curso político de la educación dirigida a los pueblos indios en las últimas dos décadas en Ecuador. Inicia con una lectura de lo educativo por fuera de un tradicional enclaustramiento pedagógico y local, instalándolo en el marco amplio de las influencias internacionales. Se constata que el debate sobre la posmodernidad ha contribuido a renovar la percepción sobre las identidades, pero también ha favorecido usos académicos y políticos que tienden a desconflictuarlas. Se incluyen, paralelamente, una crítica a la propuesta transdisciplinar de los estudios culturales. Además se indaga sobre la visión de los dirigentes estatales y los pueblos indios frente a la educación. Aunque los primeros han replanteado su histórica concepción integracionista de las identidades indias, el proceso ha estado signado por su no declarado propósito de hacerlas funcionales al proyecto civilizatorio hoy dominante. Para los pueblos indios, en cambio, los proyectos de educación intercultural -como también las luchas más actuales- deben abrir espacios para expandir prácticas articuladas a la necesidad de construir un proyecto civilizatorio alternativo. Las conclusiones llaman la atención sobre los problemas de una excesiva práctica política corporativista por parte de los dirigentes indios, en el marco de acciones estatales que tienden a recluirlos en sus identidades locales.

Protocolos e durações de adaptação às dietas com alta inclusão de concentrados para bovinos Nelore confinados

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Exercise capacity in athletes with mouthguards

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of wearing a mouthguard on maximal exercise capacity and cardiopulmonary parameters at peak workload, and to assess the athletes' attitudes toward wearing a mouthguard. Thirteen volunteer male athletes (18 to 27 years old) were interviewed before and after delivery of a custom-made laminated mouthguard. A visual analogue scale (VAS, 0 - 100 mm) was used for judgment of interference with breathing, speaking, concentration and athletic performance. In addition, the athletes were subjected to a cardiorespiratory examination on a cycle ergometer with and without mouthguards. Subjectively, the athletes rated the mean interference with performance to be 37 mm VAS at the beginning of the study. Mean scores of impairment decreased to 23 mm VAS (p = 0.081) after wearing the mouthguard for four weeks, and further improved to 12 mm VAS (p < 0.001) after the test on the cycle ergometer. Objectively, the maximum workload during spiroergometry was even slightly elevated during exercise with the mouthguard (330.2 W) compared to exercise without the mouthguard (314.5 W). Peak minute ventilation and oxygen uptake were not different during exercise with and without the mouthguard. The present study demonstrated that a custom-made mouthguard does not significantly affect or reduce maximum exercise performance of athletes.

An Asian Triangle of Growth and Cluster-to-Cluster Linkages

It is expected that an Asian triangle of growth will be formed in the coming few decades. China, India and ASEAN surround the Asian triangle, which is home to many industrial clusters. Multinational corporations will link these clusters together. Regional integration will help them in this task by lowering the barriers of national borders. This paper explains the necessity of regional integration for cluster-to-cluster linkages in the Asian triangle of growth.

The Regional Development Policy of Thailand and Its Economic Cooperation with Neighboring Countries

Thailand has recently strengthened its economic policy toward its neighboring countries in coordination with domestic regional development. It is widely recognized that economic cooperation with neighboring countries is essential in preventing the inflow of illegal labor and effectively utilizing labor and resources through the relocation of production bases. This direction is strengthened by elaborating the GMS-EC and the ECS (Economic Cooperation Strategy). In addition, economic dependency of the neighboring countries on Thailand is generally high. In this report, firstly, Thai regional development policy will be made clear in relation to its economic policy toward neighboring countries as well as the status quo of the industrial estates. Secondly, Thai policy toward the neighboring countries is examined referring to the concept of wide-ranging economic zones, regional economic cooperation and special border economic zones. Thirdly, the paper will discuss how closely the economies between Thailand and the neighboring countries are related through trade and investment. Lastly, some implications on Japan's economic cooperation will also be explored.