El derecho a la vivienda un problema nacional período 1988 1994: caso Distrito Metropolitano de Quito

El derecho a la vivienda es un principio de carácter universal, previsto en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico y garantizado por el estado. Sin embargo, el déficit de vivienda afecta a un segmento cada vez más representativo de la población, que incentivada por los modelos de desarrolle vigentes en el pais, ha ocasionado la expansión y concentración urbana, con los consiguientes problemas habitacionales que ello conlleva, afectando especialmente a las familias de bajos recursos económicos, que se ven precisados a vivir en precarias condiciones, en viviendas inadecuadas y carentes de servicios básicos. Ante esta situación, las políticas nacionales no han dado una respuesta apropiada a esta demanda mayoritaria, lo que ha permitido que en los últimos años se acentúe el déficit habitacional, lo que se confirma con la presente investigación, basada en los enunciados de los gobiernos que se han sucedido y la variación de legislación sobre vivienda de interés social y sus mecanismos de financiamiento, dictados en el periodo 1988 - 1994. Esta circunstancia ha derivado en el ensanchamiento de la marginalidad e informalidad de la vivienda por la aplicación de un marco legal inconsulto y disperso, que requiere de urgente revisión, actualilación y simplificación para que sea dinámico, flexible y sea un conductor para la provisión de vivienda hacia los estratos de menos recursos económicos.

Prevalence and risk factors of asthma and work -related asthma among U.S. adults: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988--1994

This cross-sectional analysis of the data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted to determine the prevalence and determinants of asthma and wheezing among US adults, and to identify the occupations and industries at high risk of developing work-related asthma and work-related wheezing. Separate logistic models were developed for physician-diagnosed asthma (MD asthma), wheezing in the previous 12 months (wheezing), work-related asthma and work-related wheezing. Major risk factors including demographic, socioeconomic, indoor air quality, allergy, and other characteristics were analyzed. The prevalence of lifetime MD asthma was 7.7% and the prevalence of wheezing was 17.2%. Mexican-Americans exhibited the lowest prevalence of MD asthma (4.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.2, 5.4) when compared to other race-ethnic groups. The prevalence of MD asthma or wheezing did not vary by gender. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that Mexican-Americans were less likely to develop MD asthma (adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.45, 0.90) and wheezing (ORa = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.44, 0.69) when compared to non-Hispanic whites. Low education level, current and past smoking status, pet ownership, lifetime diagnosis of physician-diagnosed hay fever and obesity were all significantly associated with MD asthma and wheezing. No significant effect of indoor air pollutants on asthma and wheezing was observed in this study. The prevalence of work-related asthma was 3.70% (95%CI: 2.88, 4.52) and the prevalence of work-related wheezing was 11.46% (95%CI: 9.87, 13.05). The major occupations identified at risk of developing work-related asthma and wheezing were cleaners; farm and agriculture related occupations; entertainment related occupations; protective service occupations; construction; mechanics and repairers; textile; fabricators and assemblers; other transportation and material moving occupations; freight, stock and material movers; motor vehicle operators; and equipment cleaners. The population attributable risk for work-related asthma and wheeze were 26% and 27% respectively. The major industries identified at risk of work-related asthma and wheeze include entertainment related industry; agriculture, forestry and fishing; construction; electrical machinery; repair services; and lodging places. The population attributable risk for work-related asthma was 36.5% and work-related wheezing was 28.5% for industries. Asthma remains an important public health issue in the US and in the other regions of the world. ^

Church of the Servant, Kentwood, Michigan, 1988-1994

[Conceptual Sketch of Elevation], untitled. Ink sketch on tracing paper with marker coloring, 12 x 29 1/2 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Church of the Servant, Kentwood, Michigan, 1988-1994

[Conceptual Sketches of Elevations], untitled. Ink sketches on two sheets of tracing paper with marker coloring, one initialed, 12x41 & 12x42 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Church of the Servant, Kentwood, Michigan, 1988-1994

[Conceptual Sketch of Elevation], untitled. Ink sketch on tracing paper with marker coloring, 12x32 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Church of the Servant, Kentwood, Michigan, 1988-1994

[Conceptual Representation of Tree of Life Motif on Door], untitled. Cut-out cardboard pieces on mat board, initialed, 18x23 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Reunioes de pesquisa de soja no Brasil: retrospectiva 1973 a 1988.

Numero de projetos de pesquisa no PNPSoja; Valor em ORTN/OTN's; Projetos de pesquis, participantes e ORTN/OTN's; Projetos, participantes e ORTN/OTN's; Numero de participantes por comissao tecnica; Ano, local e data das reunioes de pesquisa de soja.

Seasonal prediction of the Indian monsoon

Under the project `Seasonal Prediction of the Indian Monsoon' (SPIM), the prediction of Indian summer monsoon rainfall by five atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) during 1985-2004 was assessed. The project was a collaborative effort of the coordinators and scientists from the different modelling groups across the country. All the runs were made at the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC) at Bangalore on the PARAM Padma supercomputing system. Two sets of simulations were made for this purpose. In the first set, the AGCMs were forced by the observed sea surface temperature (SST) for May-September during 1985-2004. In the second set, runs were made for 1987, 1988, 1994, 1997 and 2002 forced by SST which was obtained by assuming that the April anomalies persist during May-September. The results of the first set of runs show, as expected from earlier studies, that none of the models were able to simulate the correct sign of the anomaly of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall for all the years. However, among the five models, one simulated the correct sign in the largest number of years and the second model showed maximum skill in the simulation of the extremes (i.e. droughts or excess rainfall years). The first set of runs showed some common bias which could arise either from an excessive sensitivity of the models to El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or an inability of the models to simulate the link of the Indian monsoon rainfall to Equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation (EQUINOO), or both. Analysis of the second set of runs showed that with a weaker ENSO forcing, some models could simulate the link with EQUINOO, suggesting that the errors in the monsoon simulations with observed SST by these models could be attributed to unrealistically high sensitivity to ENSO.

Highly sensitive and rapid detection of acetylcholine using an ITO plate modified with platinum-graphene nanoparticles

Determining the concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) is clinically important. ACh is a neurotransmitter that acts as a key link in the communication between neurons in the spinal cord and in nerve skeletal junctions in vertebrates, and plays an important role in transmitting signals in the brain. A bienzymatic sensor for the detection of ACh was prepared by co-immobilizing choline oxidase (ChO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on graphene matrix/platinum nanoparticles, and then electrodepositing them on an ITO-coated glass plate. Graphene nanoparticles were decorated with platinum nanoparticles and were electrodeposited on a modified ITO-coated glass plate to form a modified electrode. The modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. The optimum response of the enzyme electrode was obtained at pH 7.0 and 35 degrees C. The response time of this ACh-sensing system was shown to be 4 s. The linear range of responses to ACh was 0.005-700 mu M. This biosensor exhibits excellent anti-interferential abilities and good stability, retaining 50% of its original current even after 4 months. It has been applied for the detection of ACh levels in human serum samples.

武汉东湖水生植被现状调查及群落演替分析

对东湖水生植物的调查结果表明 ,东湖现存水生维管束植物共计 2 0科 2 5属 33种 ,其生物量约为 1,137t,分布面积仅占东湖总面积的 0 .7% ,其中挺水植物分布面积占总面积的 98%。与 195 7年、196 2～ 196 3年和 1988～ 1994年相比 ,东湖水生植物的种类、分布面积和生物量进一步减少。认为造成东湖水生植被衰退的主要原因包括富营养化作用加剧、过度放养草食性鱼类和人类活动的影响。

沙棘的水土保持功能及其在治理和开发黄土高原中的作用(英文)

研究表明 ,5～ 7年生沙棘林冠层可截留降水 8 5%～ 4 9 0 % ,并降低雨滴动能 ;枯枝落叶层重5 4 6t·hm- 2 ,其最大持水量可达 15 31t·hm- 2 ,有 1cm厚枯枝落叶层覆盖地表 ,即可基本控制水土流失 ;根系可以提高土壤的抗冲性和抗蚀性 ,与无根系土壤相比 ,可减少土壤冲刷量 55%～ 88% .据1988～ 1994年雨季径流小区测定 ,沙棘林在栽植后 4～ 5年可充分发挥水土保持作用 ,与农地相比 ,可减少地表径流量 87 1% ,减少土壤流失量 99 0 % .此外 ,它还可以每 4～ 5年提供薪材 10～ 30t·hm- 2 ,提高土壤中有机质和氮素含量 115%和 90 % ,生产沙棘果实 50 0kg·hm- 2 .所有这些表明了沙棘在治理黄土高原水土流失和改善人民生活条件 ,在实现由“恶性循环”向“良性循环”转变等方面 ,具有十分重要的作用 .目前 ,黄土地区已建立起若干利用沙棘固坡、防洪、解决燃料短缺和综合治理小流域的成功典型

Programa Nacional de Pesquisa de Soja: versao 3.

Diagnostico; Conhecimento cientifico existente e adocao de tecnologia; Problemas atuais e potenciais da producao que dependem de solucao por parte da pesquisa; Potencialidade das instituicoes; Diretrizes; Objetivos gerais; Prioridades; Linhas de pesquisa; Relacao das Unidades/Instituicoes participantes.