Primer canto argentino de Raúl González Tuñón en 1943 y en 1945 : La eficacia política de la poesía

El artículo estudia una edición del libro de Raúl González Tuñón, Primer canto argentino, publicada en Santiago de Chile, en 1943; es decir, dos años antes de la que publica, ampliada, en Argentina, en noviembre de 1945. Se propone pensar cuáles son las diversas funciones que buscan cumplir los poemas en cada caso. Si en 1943, la finalidad de la escritura era actuar contra la represión del gobierno militar; en 1945, la búsqueda se concentra en oponer un relato triunfante de las fuerzas democráticas frente al peronismo emergente. Así, dentro del marco de una poética que supone un modelo de eficacia artística, los poemas de Tuñón aspiran a provocar al lector de manera que pueda pasar a la acción en la dirección señalada por el autor

Primer canto argentino de Raúl González Tuñón en 1943 y en 1945 : La eficacia política de la poesía

El artículo estudia una edición del libro de Raúl González Tuñón, Primer canto argentino, publicada en Santiago de Chile, en 1943; es decir, dos años antes de la que publica, ampliada, en Argentina, en noviembre de 1945. Se propone pensar cuáles son las diversas funciones que buscan cumplir los poemas en cada caso. Si en 1943, la finalidad de la escritura era actuar contra la represión del gobierno militar; en 1945, la búsqueda se concentra en oponer un relato triunfante de las fuerzas democráticas frente al peronismo emergente. Así, dentro del marco de una poética que supone un modelo de eficacia artística, los poemas de Tuñón aspiran a provocar al lector de manera que pueda pasar a la acción en la dirección señalada por el autor

Primer canto argentino de Raúl González Tuñón en 1943 y en 1945 : La eficacia política de la poesía

El artículo estudia una edición del libro de Raúl González Tuñón, Primer canto argentino, publicada en Santiago de Chile, en 1943; es decir, dos años antes de la que publica, ampliada, en Argentina, en noviembre de 1945. Se propone pensar cuáles son las diversas funciones que buscan cumplir los poemas en cada caso. Si en 1943, la finalidad de la escritura era actuar contra la represión del gobierno militar; en 1945, la búsqueda se concentra en oponer un relato triunfante de las fuerzas democráticas frente al peronismo emergente. Así, dentro del marco de una poética que supone un modelo de eficacia artística, los poemas de Tuñón aspiran a provocar al lector de manera que pueda pasar a la acción en la dirección señalada por el autor

Application of ionic liquids and enzymes for the removal of proteinaceous layers from polychrome of works of art and evaluation of the cleaning effectiveness

Dissertação Apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Conservação, especialização em Pintura

Brideshead Revisited (1945) by Evelyn Waugh (1903-1966): the benefit of an Arcadian experience in confronting the human tragedy

As the frontispiece of Book One of Evelyn Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited, the phrase ‘Et in Arcadia ego’ announces the author’s intention of making the classical Arcadian theme a key reference in a text that speaks of nostalgia for a joyful past in times marked by sadness and pain. However, an interpretation may be approached from several directions even within the classical tradition. Thus, without ignoring philological or artistic aspects of the topic, this article focuses on a close study of the author’s most original message: the notion that a youthful Arcadian experience confers on young men and women a ‘residue of happiness’ able to sustain their future development and assist them in dealing with the challenges of personal tragedy.

Le primitivisme et l'art des enfants dans l'oeuvre de Léon Bellefleur (1945-1950)

Les illustrations ont été retirées de la version numérique pour des raisons de droit d'auteur.

La censura del tema deportivo en la prensa durante la posguerra española (1939-1945)

La presente tesis doctoral pretende arrojar nueva luz sobre la utilización de la prensa durante los primeros años del franquismo. En concreto, el objetivo ha sido estudiar la censura del tema deportivo dentro del sistema censorio de los primeros años de posguerra civil en España, una área no estudiada hasta hoy y que entendemos fundamental para entender el desarrollo del deporte durante el llamado primer franquismo. Para ello, se estudiaron de manera pormenorizada los actores principales y los pasos básicos del proceso de censura; los métodos utilizados, tanto materiales como personales, para hacer efectiva ésta; y, por último, sus manifestaciones reales en el ámbito de la información deportiva: qué se censuró, por parte de quién, de qué forma y por qué motivos. De este modo, pretendemos llenar una de las lagunas de investigación que aún quedan dentro del estudio de la censura de prensa durante el franquismo. La metodología utilizada es la técnica historiográfica. Basado en el análisis crítico y en la interpretación de fuentes primarias, dicho método trata de establecer marcos históricos de referencia a través del estudio pormenorizado de las circunstancias del pasado. Ello implica una estructura algo distinta a la de las tesis doctorales de otras áreas de estudio puesto que, exceptuando la introducción, toda la tesis es la exposición de los resultados de la investigación llevada a cabo. Se ha utilizado cuantiosa documentación de los archivos General de la Administracion (Alcalá de Henares) y Centrale dello Stato (Roma) no manejada anteriormente por ningún investigador. La prensa periódica de la época y la legislación que afecta a nuestro tema de estudio también han sido ampliamente investigadas, tanto en el contexto español como en el italiano. Nuestra investigación arroja los siguientes resultados. Efectivamente, existió censura de prensa en el tema deportivo en las siguientes temáticas fundamentales: cuestiones económicas, autoridades y jerarquías, uso del lenguaje y comportamiento de los deportistas. En la mayor parte de los casos, la censura se ejerce en la información deportiva por razones ajenas al propio deporte. No se puede afirmar que existan diferencias en el tratamiento general entre medios de la Prensa del Movimiento y otros de titularidad privada o eclesiástica, si bien la aplicación de la censura no fue homogénea sino arbitraria en muchos casos. El sistema de censura de prensa español del primer franquismo toma la mayoría de sus rasgos del modelo fascista italiano, aunque tiene alguna característica propia como la censura previa y el catolicismo imperante. ABSTRACT This doctoral thesis aims to shed light on the use of press during the first years of francoism. The particular objective was to study the censorship of the sport topic into the general system of censorship carried out after the Spanish Civil War. It is a subject comparatively understudied to date but a key aspect to understand the development of sport during the so called early francoism. To this end, an in-depth study was made on key actors, main steps of censorship process, human and material methods used to ensure its effectiveness, and the actual manifestations in sports information area: what was censored, by whom, how and why. This should ensure us to fill the historiographical gap within the research on Francoʼs press censorship. Methodology used was historiographic research. It is based on critical analysis and interpretation of primary sources and seeks to establish historical reference frameworks tracing back the past in detail. It determines a different doctoral thesis structure in some aspects. Except the introduction, the whole document is the report and explanation of the results of research. A large amount of unexplored documents from the Archivo General de la Administración (Alcalá de Henares, Spain) and the Archivio Centrale dello Stato (Rome, Italy) has been used. The press of the period and legislation about our topic have also been analysed in detail both in Spain and Italy. Our research states these results. We can affirm that press censorship actually existed on sports topic in these thematic priorities: economical issues, authorities and hierarchies, use of language and sportsmen behaviours. In most cases, the censorship of sports information is exercised for reasons unconnected to sport. It cannot be concluded that general differences were applied in press censorship between State-owned media and private or church media although its implementation was non-uniform and arbitrary in many cases. The system of press censorship in Spain during the early francoism is clearly inspired by fascist Italy system copying most of its features although Spain had a few specific characteristics like prior censorship and catholicism.

Alienation Effects : Performance and Self-Management in Yugoslavia, 1945-89 /

Jakovljevic considers the concept of theatricality as central to understanding the events that took place in Yugoslavia. He examines the country’s trials, state ceremonies and festivals, army maneuvers, propaganda, and pop culture as “rehearsals and temporary enactments of an ideologically formulated future.”.

Study of the effectiveness of crystal growth modifiers in the prevention of damage due to crystallization of sodium carbonates in stone artworks

The disintegration of stone materials used in sculpture and architecture due to the crystallization of salts is capable of irreparably damaging artistic objects and historic buildings. A number of phosphonates and carboxylates were tested here as potential crystallization modifiers for sodium carbonate crystallization. Precipitated phases during crystallization induced either by cooling or by evaporation tests were nahcolite (NaHCO3), natron (Na2CO3∙10H2O) and thermonatrite (Na2CO3∙H2O), identified using X-ray diffraction. By using the thermodynamic code PHREEQC and the calculation of the nucleation rate it was demonstrated that nahcolite had to be first phase formed during both tests. The formation of the other phases depended on the experimental conditions under which the two tests were conducted. Nahcolite nucleation is strongly inhibited in the presence of sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate (CA), polyacrylic acid 2100MW (PA) and etidronic acid (HEDP), when the additives are dosed at appropriate concentrations and the pH range of the resulting solution is about 8. Electrostatic attraction generated between the deprotonated organic additives and the cations present in solution appears to be the principal mechanism of additive-nahcolite interaction. Salt weathering tests, in addition to mercury intrusion porosimetry tests allowed to quantify the damage induced by such salts. FESEM observation of both salts grown on calcite single crystals and in limestone blocks subjected to salt crystallization tests allowed to identify the effect of these additives on crystal growth and development. The results show that PA seems to be the best inhibitor, while CA and HEDP, which show similar behaviors, are slightly less effective. The use of such effective crystallization inhibitors may lead to more efficient preventive conservation of ornamental stone affected by crystallization damage due to formation of sodium carbonate crystals.

Effectiveness Of The Endotracheal Tube Cuff On The Trachea: Physical And Mechanical Aspects.

The inflation pressure of the endotracheal tube cuff can cause ischemia of the tracheal mucosa at high pressures; thus, it can cause important tracheal morbidity and tracheal microaspiration of the oropharyngeal secretion, or it can even cause pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation if the pressure of the cuff is insufficient. In order to investigate the effectiveness of the RUSCH® 7.5 mm endotracheal tube cuff, this study was designed to investigate the physical and mechanical aspects of the cuff in contact with the trachea. For this end, we developed an in vitro experimental model to assess the flow of dye (methylene blue) by the inflated cuff on the wall of the artificial material. We also designed an in vivo study with 12 Large White pigs under endotracheal intubation. We instilled the same dye in the oral cavity of the animals, and we analyzed the presence or not of leakage in the trachea after the region of the cuff after their deaths (animal sacrifice). All cuffs were inflated at the pressure of 30 cmH2O. We observed the passage of fluids through the cuff in all in vitro and in vivo experimental models. We conclude that, as well as several other cuff models in the literature, the RUSCH® 7.5 mm tube cuffs are also not able to completely seal the trachea and thus prevent aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions. Other prevention measures should be taken.

[effect Of Ropivacaine Combined With Pancuronium On Neuromuscular Transmission And Effectiveness Of Neostigmine And 4-aminopyridine For Blockade Reversal: Experimental Study].

The local anesthetic effects on neuromuscular junction and its influence on blockade produced by nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers are still under-investigated; however, this interaction has been described in experimental studies and in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the interaction between ropivacaine and pancuronium, the influence on transmission and neuromuscular blockade, and the effectiveness of neostigmine and 4-aminopyridine to reverse the blockade. Rats were divided into groups (n=5) according to the study drug: ropivacaine (5μgmL(-1)); pancuronium (2μg.mL(-1)); ropivacaine+pancuronium. Neostigmine and 4-aminopyridine were used at concentrations of 2μgmL(-1) and 20μgmL(-1), respectively. The effects of ropivacaine on membrane potential and miniature end-plate potential, the amplitude of diaphragm responses before and 60minutes after the addition of ropivacaine (degree of neuromuscular blockade with pancuronium and with the association of pancuronium-ropivacaine), and the effectiveness of neostigmine and 4-aminopyridine on neuromuscular block reversal were evaluated. Ropivacaine did not alter the amplitude of muscle response (the membrane potential), but decreased the frequency and amplitude of the miniature end-plate potential. Pancuronium blockade was potentiated by ropivacaine, and partially and fully reversed by neostigmine and 4-aminopyridine, respectively. Ropivacaine increased the neuromuscular block produced by pancuronium. The complete antagonism with 4-aminopyridine suggests presynaptic action of ropivacaine.

Educação do corpo e vida ao ar livre : natureza e educação fisica em São Paulo (1930-1945)

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Effectiveness of a new toothbrush design versus a conventional tongue scraper in improving breath odor and reducing tongue microbiota

For centuries, specific instruments or regular toothbrushes have routinely been used to remove tongue biofilm and improve breath odor. Toothbrushes with a tongue scraper on the back of their head have recently been introduced to the market. The present study compared the effectiveness of a manual toothbrush with this new design, i.e., possessing a tongue scraper, and a commercial tongue scraper in improving breath odor and reducing the aerobic and anaerobic microbiota of tongue surface. The evaluations occurred at 4 moments, when the participants (n=30) had their halitosis quantified with a halimeter and scored according to a 4-point scoring system corresponding to different levels of intensity. Saliva was collected for counts of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Data were analyzed statistically by Friedman's test (p<0.05). When differences were detected, the Wilcoxon test adjusted for Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons (group to group). The results confirmed the importance of mechanical cleaning of the tongue, since this procedure provided an improvement in halitosis and reduction of aerobe and anaerobe counts. Regarding the evaluated methods, the toothbrush's tongue scraper and conventional tongue scraper had a similar performance in terms of breath improvement and reduction of tongue microbiota, and may be indicated as effective methods for tongue cleaning.

Effectiveness of different final irrigation protocols in removing debris in flattened root canals

This study evaluated in vitro the capacity of debris removal from the apical third of flattened root canals, using different final irrigation protocols. Thirty human mandibular central incisors with a mesiodistal flattened root were prepared using rotary instrumentation by Endo-Flare 25.12 and Hero 642 30.06, 35.02, 40.02 files, irrigated with 2 mL of 1% NaOCl after each file. The specimens were randomly distributed into 5 groups according to the final irrigation of root canals: Group I: 10 mL of distilled water (control), Group II: 10 mL of 1% NaOCl for 8 min, Group III: 2 mL of 1% NaOCl for 2 min (repeated 4 times), Group IV: 10 mL of 2.5% NaOCl for 8 min, and Group V: 10 mL of 2.5% NaOCl for 2 min (repeated 4 times). The apical thirds of the specimens were subjected to histological processing and 6-μm cross-sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The specimens were examined under optical microscopy at ×40 magnification and the images were subjected to morphometric analysis using the Scion image-analysis software. The total area of root canal and the area with debris were measured in square millimeters. Analysis of variance showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) among the groups GI (2.39 ± 3.59), GII (2.91 ± 2.21), GIII (0.73 ± 1.36), GIV (0.95 ± 0.84) and GV (0.51 ± 0.22). In conclusion, the final irrigation protocols evaluated in this study using the Luer syringe presented similar performance in the removal of debris from the apical third of flattened root canals.