Pacific Neogene carbonate accumulation rates

I have compiled CaCO3 mass accumulation rates (MARs) for the period 0-25 Ma for 144 Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program drill sites in the Pacific in order to investigate the history of CaCO3 burial in the world's largest ocean basin. This is the first synthesis of data since the beginning of the Ocean Drilling Program. Sedimentation rates, CaCO3 contents, and bulk density were estimated for 0.5 Myr time intervals from 0 to 14 Ma and for 1 Myr time intervals from 14 to 25 Ma using mostly data from Initial Reports volumes. There is surprisingly little coherence between CaCO3 MAR time series from different Pacific regions, although regional patterns exist. A transition from high to low CaCO3 MAR from 23-20 Ma is the only event common to the entire Pacific Ocean. This event is found worldwide. The most likely cause of lowered pelagic carbonate burial is a rising sea-level trend in the early Miocene. The central and eastern equatorial Pacific is the only region with adequate drill site coverage to study carbonate compensation depth (CCD) changes in detail for the entire Neogene. The latitude-dependent decrease in CaCO3 production away from the equator is an important defining factor of the regional CCD, which shallows away from the equatorial region. Examination of latitudinal transects across the equatorial region is a useful way to separate the effects of changes in carbonate production ('productivity') from changes in bottom water chemistry ('dissolution') upon carbonate burial.

Phosphorus components, CaCO3 and biogenic opal in sediments from ODP Leg 167 sites

The ocean history of reactive phosphorus (P) (i.e., dissolved P available to fuel oceanic primary productivity) is of interest because of the role of P as a biolimiting nutrient, and knowledge of P burial in marine sediments is key to testing hypotheses about temporal changes in P input or output fluxes. Our understanding of the history of the P cycle over the Cenozoic has increased substantially with temporal records of reactive P mass accumulation rates from open-ocean Pacific and Atlantic equatorial sites. However, questions about the relative importance of nutrient burial in ocean-margin sediments relative to burial in open-ocean sediments and about the extent of P remobilization in organic-rich, reducing environments characteristic of margin sediments remain unresolved. Nutrient burial in oceanic boundary current systems has been suggested to have a controlling role in oceanic nutrient budgets in certain time intervals (Vincent and Berger, 1985, doi:10.1029/GM032p0455), with higher sediment accumulation rates balancing the limited spatial extent of these sediments. Some investigators suggest that remobilization of P from reducing sediments in margin settings is a significant positive feedback to primary productivity (e.g., Van Cappellan and Ingall, 1994, doi:10.1029/94PA01455), whereas other results indicate that both P uptake and P release may occur in these settings depending on the balance of organic carbon and iron supply to the sediments and on the oxygenation of bottom waters (McManus et al., 1997, doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00138-5). It is important to quantitatively understand the geochemistry of reactive P in margin sediments, where productivity and delivery of organic-rich material to the sediments in relatively shallow-water settings is often sufficient to promote anoxia in interstitial waters. To address these questions, we determined the P concentrations and geochemistry in sediment samples from eight sites drilled during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 167, California margin (Sites 1010-1012, 1014, 1016-1017, and 1021-1022). These results are the first records of reactive P concentrations on long time scales-required for the calculation of P accumulation rates-for sediments from a highly productive eastern boundary current setting. In addition, we determined calcium carbonate contents and biogenic silica concentrations to define the environments of sedimentary production, burial, and diagenesis.

(Table 1) Abundance of selected diatom taxa in the mid-Pliocene of ODP Hole 167-1022A

Diatom assemblages from the middle part of the Pliocene (3.2-2.5 Ma) were investigated from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1016, 1021, and 1022 in an effort to infer paleotemperature fluctuations off California. Diatoms are very sparse in virtually all of the samples that were examined from Sites 1016 and 1021. This is presumably because these sites were seaward (west) of the coastal zone of diatom productivity during the middle part of the Pliocene. Diatoms are relatively common in the vast majority of samples that were examined from Hole 1022A. Diatom assemblages are dominated by Chaetoceros spores (a coastal upwelling component), the cold-water (subarctic) taxa Neodenticula kamtschatica and its descendant Neodenticula koizumii, and Thalassionema nitzschioides, a temperate taxon that is typically found at the seaward edge of coastal upwelling zones. Paleotemperature interpretations, however, are not possible at this time because of the scarcity of comparative modern core-top data.

The Roman Republican Navy : from the sixth century to 167 BC

Työ käsittelee Rooman laivaston kehitystä, toimintaa ja osallistumista laajenemispolitiikkaan, jossa Rooma kasvoi kaupunkivaltiosta Välimeren hallitsijaksi. Rooma on aikaisemmissa tutkimuksissa nähty maavaltiona vailla kiinnostusta merenkulkuun. On katsottu, että ainoa merkittävä merisota Rooman historiassa on ensimmäinen puunilaissota (264-241 eKr.) ja että siinäkin roomalaiset (jotka historioitsija Polybius kuvaa vasta-alkajiksi) menestyivät Karthagoa vastaan turvautumalla laskusiltoihin, joiden avulla he saattoivat muuttaa meritaistelun maataisteluksi. Polybiuksen kuvaukseen on aina tähän asti luotettu. On katsottu että Roomalla ei ollut laivastoa ennen ensimmäistä puunilaissotaa ja että Rooma kaikissa sodissaan panosti merisodankäyntiin mahdollisimman vähän. Tämä työ pyrkii kumoamaan nämä käsitykset. Laivasto oli osallisena ja ehdottoman välttämätön kaikissa Rooman laajenemispolitiikan käänteissä. Arkeologian tiedot osoittavat, että ennen ensimmäistä puunilaissotaa Rooma kehittyi ja siitä tuli merkittävä kaupunki nimenomaan kaupankäynnin ja ulkomaisten kontaktien seurauksena. Se ei siis ollut puhdas agraarivaltio. Roomalaisilla oli laivasto jo viimeistään 500-luvulta lähtien eKr. ja sitä käytettiin Rooman laajentaessa valtaansa Italiassa. Näin ollen ensimmäisessä puunilaissodassa läntisen Välimeren herruudesta kilpaili kaksi merivaltiota, Rooma ja Karthago. Toinen puunilaissota (218-201) tunnetaan yleensä Hannibalin tulosta Alppien yli Italiaan, mutta se oli myöskin merkittävä merisota ja karthagolaiset hävisivät sen nimenomaan merellä. Rooma osallistui kilpailuun itäisen Välimeren hallinnasta ja kukisti Makedonian ja Syyrian laivastot, jotka eivät olleet mitenkään Rooman laivaston veroisia. Kaikista Rooman vastustajista Karthagolla olisi ollut suurin mahdollisuus pysäyttää Rooman laivaston voittokulu toisessa puunilaissodassa. Laivastoa käytettiin moniin eri tarkoituksiin. Suuret meritaistelut eivät ole ainoa osoitus laivastojen mukanaolosta ja merkityksestä, vaan on myös otettava huomion sotalaivojen rakenne ja toimintaedellytykset. Sotalaivat oli rakennettu taisteluita varten ja niissä oli hyvin niukasti säilytystilaa. Niiden oli päästävä laskemaan maihin aina kun miehistö tarvitsi vettä, ruokaa ja lepoa. Laivastot saattoivat toimia vain niiden rannikoiden tuntumassa, joiden satamiin ja laskupaikkoihin niillä oli turvallinen pääsy. Roomalaiset olivat hyvin tietoisia tästä. Suuret merentakaiset sotaretket Afrikkaan, Espanjaan, Kreikkaan ja Vähän-Aasian rannikolle perustuivat kaikki siihen, että Rooman laivasto hallitsi purjehdusreittejä ja sopivia laskupaikkoja ja saattoi huolehtia joukkojen ja varusteiden kuljettamisesta kaukana taisteleville armeijoille. Samalla Rooman laivasto kävi itsenäistä sotaa merellä ja haastoi ja kukisti kaikki Välimeren merivaltiot. 130-luvulle eKr. tultaessa se oli lyönyt vihollisensa ja riisunut aseista liittolaisensa; Rooman laivasto hallitsi Välimerta yksin.

Sapientia, 1988, Vol. XLIII, nº 167-168 (número completo)

Contenido: El tema de la libertad en Santo Tomás : fuentes y desarrollo / Gustavo E. Ponferrada – Emergencia y sentido del hombre en la reflexión ética de la Suma contra Gentiles / Julio R. Méndez – Azar y contingencia / Juan J. Sanguineti – Indeterminismo y racionalidad : en torno al problema de la causalidad en física / Ramón Queraltó – La tridimensionalidad crítica de la reflexión completa / Stanislavs Ladusans – Humanismo y humanismos / Iulio Brandao – Limitación de la antropología filosófica / José M. de Estrada – Afectividad, obrar humano, moralidad / María C. Donadío de Gandolfi – Naturaleza y ética en Hobbes y Tomás de Aquino / María L. Lukac de Stier – Derecho, pensamiento y lenguaje / Carlos I. Massini-Correas – Derecho natural y positivismo jurídico / Ylves J. de Miranda Guimaraes – La verdad política es el ideal de una sociedad participativa / José P. Galvao de Sousa – Hombre y moral : la “pietas” patriótica / Héctor H. Hernández – Filosofía, teología y cultura cristiana en el pensamiento de San Agustín / Battista Mondin – Amor Ruibal, genial renovador de la filosofía cristiana / Emilio Silva de Castro – La problemática filosófica de las ciencias humanas / Edgardo J. Castro

Aperfeiçoamentos no DL nº 167/67 : emolumentos extrajudiciais e garantias reais em Cédulas de Crédito Rural-CCR e em Cédulas de Crédito Bancário-CCB

Consultoria de Orçamento e Fiscalização Financeira.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 167]

Começa a primeira sessão dedicada ao debate dos temas mais polêmicos na Constituinte. O Líder do PMDB Mário Covas (PMDB-SP) fez o sorteio dos debatedores do partido que vão ficar encarregados de cada sessão. O primeiro assunto é o regime de governo, presidencialismo ou parlamentarismo. O Conselho de Comunicação também é tema polêmico na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC). A Deputada Rita Furtado (PFL-RO) informa que seu grupo não aceita a figura do Conselho. O Deputado Bernardo Cabral (PMDB-AM), Relator da Comissão de Sistematização, opta pela existência do Conselho, previsto no substitutivo do Deputado Artur da Távola (PMDB-RJ). O Deputado Arolde de Oliveira (PFL-RJ) informa que o Conselho é desnecessário, pois o Congresso tem função fiscalizadora. Armando Rollemberg, Presidente da Federação Nacional dos Jornalistas, defende o controle público para a concessão de canais de rádio e de televisão. O Deputado Roberto D`Ávila (PDT-RJ) declara que é favorável ao Conselho de Comunicação, com pessoas representativas da sociedade brasileira, de tal forma que o poder de outorga de canais de comunicação não seja mais prerrogativa apenas do Presidente da República. Histórico da ideia de criação do Conselho de Comunicação. O Deputado Jorge Maluly Neto (PFL-SP) declara que a opinião pública há de ser pública e não uma opinião publicada por poucos, porque isso leva a um problema de segurança do país. O Deputado Arolde de Oliveira (PFL-RJ) considera que não tem havido alternância do poder porque, se houvesse, também a distribuição de canais de rádio e de tv seria absolutamente democrática. O Deputado Carlos Alberto Oliveira Caó (PDT-RJ) afirma ser necessário pensar em mecanismos que assegurem a pluralidade de informações, que garanta a qualquer grupo social o acesso aos meios de informação. O Deputado Antônio Brito (PMDB-RS) declara que é certo que nada nesta matéria será da forma como é hoje, o que já significa um avanço.

C 167 INST-D 2013. 348 Muestra de diversificación del diseño de sombreros elaborados en fibras de diferentes palmas e ilustraciones de sombreros tradicionales elaborados en fibra vegetal de palma sará.

15 fotografías a color.

Association Study of 167 Candidate Genes for Schizophrenia Selected by a Multi-Domain Evidence-Based Prioritization Algorithm and Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis

Integrating evidence from multiple domains is useful in prioritizing disease candidate genes for subsequent testing. We ranked all known human genes (n = 3819) under linkage peaks in the Irish Study of High-Density Schizophrenia Families using three different evidence domains: 1) a meta-analysis of microarray gene expression results using the Stanley Brain collection, 2) a schizophrenia protein-protein interaction network, and 3) a systematic literature search. Each gene was assigned a domain-specific p-value and ranked after evaluating the evidence within each domain. For comparison to this
ranking process, a large-scale candidate gene hypothesis was also tested by including genes with Gene Ontology terms related to neurodevelopment. Subsequently, genotypes of 3725 SNPs in 167 genes from a custom Illumina iSelect array were used to evaluate the top ranked vs. hypothesis selected genes. Seventy-three genes were both highly ranked and involved in neurodevelopment (category 1) while 42 and 52 genes were exclusive to neurodevelopment (category 2) or highly ranked (category 3), respectively. The most significant associations were observed in genes PRKG1, PRKCE, and CNTN4 but no individual SNPs were significant after correction for multiple testing. Comparison of the approaches showed an excess of significant tests using the hypothesis-driven neurodevelopment category. Random selection of similar sized genes from two independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia showed the excess was unlikely by chance. In a further meta-analysis of three GWAS datasets, four candidate SNPs reached nominal significance. Although gene ranking using integrated sources of prior information did not enrich for significant results in the current experiment, gene selection using an a priori hypothesis (neurodevelopment) was superior to random selection. As such, further development of gene ranking strategies using more carefully selected sources of information is warranted.