The effect of previous hamstring strain injuries on the change in eccentric hamstring strength during preseason training in elite Australian footballers

Background Hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) are the most common injury type in Australian football and the rate of recurrence has been consistently high for a number of years. Long lasting neuromuscular inhibition has been noted in previously injured athletes but it is not known if this influences athletes adaptive response to training. Purpose To determine if elite Australian footballers with a prior unilateral HSI (previously injured group) display lesser improvements in eccentric hamstring strength during pre-season training compared to athletes without a history of HSI (control group). Study design Prospective cohort study. Methods Ninety-nine elite Australian footballers participated (17 with a history of unilateral HSI in the previous 12 month period). Eccentric hamstring strength was assessed at the start and end of pre-season training using an instrumented Nordic hamstring device. Change in eccentric strength across preseason was determine in absolute terms and normalised to start of preseason strength. Start of preseason strength was used as a covariate to control for differences in starting strength. Results The left and right limbs in the control group showed no difference in absolute or relative change (left limb absolute change, 60.7±72.9N; relative change, 1.28±0.34; right limb absolute change, 48.6±83.8N; relative change, 1.24±0.43) . Similarly, the injured and uninjured limbs from the previously injured group showed no difference for either absolute or relative measures of change (injured limb absolute change, 13.1±57.7N; relative change, 1.07±0.18; uninjured limb absolute change, 14.7±54.0N; relative change, 1.07±0.22N). The previously injured group displayed a significantly lesser increase in eccentric hamstring strength across the preseason (absolute change, 13.9±55.0; relative change, 1.07±0.20) compared to the control group (absolute change, 54.6±78.5; relative change, 1.26±0.39) for both absolute and relative measures (p < 0.001), even after controlling for differences in start of pre-season eccentric hamstring strength, which had a significant effect on strength improvement. Conclusion Elite Australian footballers with a unilateral HSI history displayed lesser improvements in eccentric hamstring strength across preseason training. The smaller improvements were not restricted to the previously injured limb as the contralateral limb also displayed similarly small improvements in eccentric strength. Whether this is the cause of or the result of injury remains to be seen, but it has the potential to contribute to the risk of hamstring strain re-injury.

Towards a consistent definition of a significant delta troponin with z-scores: A way out of chaos?

Aims: We assessed the diagnostic performance of z-scores to define a significant delta cardiac troponin (cTn) in a cohort of patients with well-defined clinical outcomes. Methods: We calculated z-scores, which are dependent on the analytical precision and biological variation, to report changes in cTn. We compared the diagnostic performances of a relative delta (%Δ), actual delta (Δ), and z-scores in 762 emergency department patients with symptoms of suspected acute coronary syndrome. cTn was measured with sensitive cTnI (Beckman Coulter), highly sensitive cTnI (Abbott), and highly sensitive cTnT (Roche) assays. Results: Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed no statistically significant differences in the areas under the curve (AUC) of z-scores and Δ with both superior compared to %Δ for all three assays (p<0.001). The AUCs of z-scores measured with the Abbott hs-cTnI (0.955) and Roche hs-cTnT (0.922) assays were comparable to Beckman Coulter cTnI (0.933) (p=0.272 and 0.640, respectively). The individualized Δ cut-off values that were required to emulate a z-score of 1.96 were: Beckman Coulter cTnI 30 ng/l, Abbott hs-cTnI 20 ng/l, and Roche hs-cTnT 7 ng/l. Conclusions: z-scores allow the use of a single cut-off value at all cTn levels, for both cTnI and cTnT and for sensitive and highly sensitive assays, with comparable diagnostic performances. This strategy of reporting significant changes as z-scores may obviate the need for the empirical development of assay-specific cut-off rules to define significant troponin changes.

Plan uchastka kolonizat︠s︡ionnogo fonda Nº 12/157 Krivorogskogo okruga Sofievskogo raĭona, ploshchadiʻ︠u︡ 945,6979 gektarov

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Estudio del efecto del empleo de invernaderos sobre la productividad de cuatro genotipos de espárrago verde : Marte, H668, Giove y UC-157 en su quinta cosecha y el comportamiento en poscosecha de turiones largos

Resumen: Cadena espárrago: Producción de diferentes genotipos en el quinto año y comportamiento en poscosecha. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar el rendimiento de primicia en invernadero, de los genotipos masculinos italianos: H668, Marte, y Giove, versus el testigo americano tradicionalmente cultivado UC-157, en su quinta temporada de cosecha y estudiar el comportamiento de turiones largos producidos, acondicionados en distintas presentaciones, como estrategia de envasado para la valorización del producto final. Para tal fin se llevó a cabo un ensayo en la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, situada en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. El mismo se inició el 15/11/2006 y el período de cosecha del quinto año se extendió desde el día 04/09/2012 hasta el 22/10/2012, durante el cual se realizaron 19 recolecciones, cada 2 días. En este ensayo se efectuó un análisis multifactor ANOVA-LSD test (P>0.05), mediante el cual se estudiaron las variables: diferencias en productividad total y comercial (PFT y PFC), Nº turiones totales y comerciales/ha (NTT y NTC) y distribución porcentual de calibres (DC): Jumbo (J), Extra-Large (XL), Large (L), Medium (M) y Small (S); y defectos encontrados (D): espigados (TE); cortos (TC) y otros defectos (OD). En el mismo lugar, la evaluación de comportamiento en poscosecha se llevó a cabo durante un período de 20 días (17/10/2012–07/11/2012), en el cual se efectuaron 6 determinaciones, con tres repeticiones. Las distintas estrategias de envasado evaluadas fueron: atados (A), bandejas (BA) y bolsas de polietileno (BO) y las variables estudiadas fueron: Evolución del peso fresco (EPF); pérdida de peso fresco diaria (PPFD) y peso fresco promedio del período de poscosecha (PPFP). En cuanto a los resultados, los mismos fueron alentadores, Los tres genotipos italianos superaron las 9 t.ha-1, valor que duplica la media nacional argentina, superando al híbrido tradicionalmente cultivado, UC-157. pudiéndose observar un mejor comportamiento de los híbridos italianos, destacándose Giove en PFT, PFC, NTT, NTC y una DC favorable, con un 70 % de los turiones L y XL. Con respecto al comportamiento en poscosecha, se evidenció que el menor grado de deshidratación se obtiene mediante el empleo de bolsas y bandejas de IV Gama.

Sapientia, 1985, Vol. XL, nº 157 (número completo)

Contenido: La verdad (III). La verdad en Dios / Octavio N. Derisi -- La filosofía frente a la física moderna / Octavio N. Derisi -- El progreso de la física actual y la ética cristiana / Alberto Caturelli -- ¿Ciencia o actividad política en la docencia? / William R. Darós -- La racionalización del mundo en el pensamiento de Aristóteles -- Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

Nitrification in marine ecosystems [Translation from: Rapp.Naturvardsverket SNVPM No.1213, 157-166, 1980]

The nitrification in the ocean is influenced by several environmental factors and the importance of these is more or less known. There are very likely many more to be discovered in the study of the interaction of nitrification bacteria and other micro-organisms in the ocean. Some of the factors to be considered will briefly be dealt with in this paper. Then the authors give the results of an incubation experiment in the Baltic Sea and from a detailed study in Gullmarn.

~(157)YB的形状共存和Vi_(13/2)带的结构演变

利用在束γ谱学技术,通过反应144Sm（16O,3n）研究了157Yb的高自旋态,其中16O束流的能量为90MeV.采用门套BGO（AC）HPGe探测器进行了长时间的γ-γ-t符合测量.基于γ-γ符合关系、γ射线的各向异性度和DCO系数的测量结果,首次建立了157Yb的高自旋能级纲图.围绕157Yb的能级纲图着重讨论了此核的形状共存和Vi13/2能带随着角动量增加的结构演变,另外还比较了N=87同中子素链的Vi13/2转动带结构的系统性.